The “Fundies” of ADR in the NHL

This note seeks to provide to an overview of how the fundamentals (or “fundies” in hockey circles) of ADR can be applied to the NHL’s most pressing issues. It will analyze two areas specifically: the overall CBA negotiations in the big picture and the RFA system in a narrower view. Part II will provide context of the events leading up to the current NHL landscape. It will outline the history of NHL–NHLPA relations, describe the main issues influencing the upcoming CBA negotiations, and explain the workings of the RFA system. Part III will then present and discuss proposed solutions to improve the RFA market for both the clubs and the players. The analysis supports the conclusion that the NHL should integrate mediation into restricted free agency in both salary arbitration and contract holdout situations. In Part IV, this note will further advocate for the implementation of mediation in CBA negotiations. Finally, Part V will provide a brief conclusion

Ecology and management of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) shrublands in Greece: A review

Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) shrublands occupy more than 0.4 million ha in Greece and are the typical browse rangelands for 4.5 million goats. Five "range types" of kermes oak were identified based on morphological differences. Clipping of kermes oak improves growth rate of twig length, increases the production of new twigs, and alters the nutritive value of browse. Kermes oak can withstand very heavy (100%) clipping of twigs for 2 consecutive years, yielding the highest growth rate and twig number. Browse production varies among different forms of kermes oak shrublands. The low form (0.5-0.8 m height) yielded the highest production (3,467 kg ha-1). Goat liveweight gain of tall form (2 m height) of kermes oak shrubland was 25 kg ha-1 yr-1; improved shrublands, by topping, produced double liveweight gain when their form was altered. Liveweight gain was almost quadrupled when kermes oak shrublands were converted to grasslands.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Efectos de la frecuencia de defoliación en la producción y el valor nutritivo de forraje de invierno de diferentes entradas de Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different defoliation frequencies on winter forage production and nutritive value of improved population of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Four entries, a) base population, b) selected plants from mass honeycomb selection (MHS), c) selected plants from pedigree honeycomb selection (PHS) and d) selected plants from pedigree honeycomb selection using the combined criterion CC = x¯2 (1 – CV) / CV [PHS (CC)] were tested under four defoliation frequencies: 1) frequent, 2) moderate, 3) infrequent and 4) control. Dry matter production under moderate defoliation treatment was 9% and 107% respectively higher than frequent and infrequent the first harvest year, while the second harvest year the corresponding percentages were 26% and 44%. The selected populations of A. cristatum consistently exceeded in herbage production the base population under all defoliation treatments during winter. Among the selected entries, [PHS (CC)] had consistently higher DM production compared to MHS and PHS for the two experimental years. The CP content was significantly higher, while NDF, ADF and ADL contents were lower in the increased defoliation frequency compared to the control in both harvest years. There were no significant differences of the nutritive value among the entries (P > 0.05). Generally, herbage production of the moderate defoliation frequency was more stable through the years with relatively high nutritive value.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes frecuencias de defoliación sobre la producción y el valor nutritivo de poblaciones mejoradas de Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Se examinaron cuatro entradas: a) población base y plantas seleccionadas mediante b) selección masal en diseño «panal de abejas» (MHS), c) selección pedigree en diseño «panal de abejas» (PHS) y d) selección pedigree en diseño «panal de abejas» usando el criterio combinado CC= x¯2 (1 CV) / CV [PHS (CC)] bajo cuatro frecuencias de defoliación: 1) frecuente, 2) moderada, 3) infrecuente y 4) control. La producción de materia seca (MS) en el tratamiento de defoliación moderada fue un 9% y un 107% respectivamente más alta que en frecuente e infrecuente durante el primer año de recolección, mientras que durante el segundo año, los porcentajes correspondientes fueron 26% y 44%. Las poblaciones seleccionadas de A. cristatum sistemáticamente excedieron la producción de hierba de la población base en todos los tratamientos de defoliación durante el invierno. Entre las entradas seleccionadas, [PHS (CC)] presentó sistemáticamente una mayor producción de MS comparada con MHS y PHS en los dos años experimentales. El contenido de PB fue significativamente más alto, mientras que los de FND, FAD y LAD fueron más bajos en la frecuencia aumentada de defoliación comparada con el control, en ambos años de recolección. No hubo diferencias significativas en el valor nutritivo entre las entradas (P>0,05). En general, la producción de hierba en la frecuencia de defoliación moderada fue más estable a lo largo de los años, con un valor nutritivo más alto

Carbon-Supported PtRuMo Electrocatalysts for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

The review article discusses the current status and recent findings of our investigations on the synthesis and characterization of carbon-supported PtRuMo electrocatalysts for direct alcohol fuel cells. In particular, the effect of the carbon support and the composition on the structure, stability and the activity of the PtRuMo nanoparticles for the electrooxidation of CO, methanol and ethanol have been studied. Different physicochemical techniques have been employed for the analysis of the catalysts structures: X-ray analytical methods (XRD, XPS, TXRF), thermogravimetry (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as a number of electrochemical techniques like CO adsorption studies, current-time curves and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Furthermore, spectroscopic methods adapted to the electrochemical systems for in situ studies, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), have been used to evaluate the oxidation process of CO, methanol and ethanol over the carbon-supported PtRuMo electrocatalysts.This work has been supported by the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry under projects ENE2010-15381 and CTQ2011-28913-CO2-O2.Peer reviewe

Defoliation frequency effects on winter forage production and nutritive value of different entries of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different defoliation frequencies on winter forage production and nutritive value of improved population of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Four entries, a) base population, b) selected plants from mass honeycomb selection (MHS), c) selected plants from pedigree honeycomb selection (PHS) and d) selected plants from pedigree honeycomb selection using the combined criterion CC = x¯2 (1 � CV) / CV [PHS (CC)] were tested under four defoliation frequencies: 1) frequent, 2) moderate, 3) infrequent and 4) control. Dry matter production under moderate defoliation treatment was 9% and 107% respectively higher than frequent and infrequent the first harvest year, while the second harvest year the corresponding percentages were 26% and 44%. The selected populations of A. cristatum consistently exceeded in herbage production the base population under all defoliation treatments during winter. Among the selected entries, [PHS (CC)] had consistently higher DM production compared to MHS and PHS for the two experimental years. The CP content was significantly higher, while NDF, ADF and ADL contents were lower in the increased defoliation frequency compared to the control in both harvest years. There were no significant differences of the nutritive value among the entries (P > 0.05). Generally, herbage production of the moderate defoliation frequency was more stable through the years with relatively high nutritive value.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes frecuencias de defoliación sobre la producción y el valor nutritivo de poblaciones mejoradas de Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Se examinaron cuatro entradas: a) población base y plantas seleccionadas mediante b) selección masal en diseño «panal de abejas» (MHS), c) selección pedigree en diseño «panal de abejas» (PHS) y d) selección pedigree en diseño «panal de abejas» usando el criterio combinado CC= x¯2 (1 � CV) / CV [PHS (CC)] bajo cuatro frecuencias de defoliación: 1) frecuente, 2) moderada, 3) infrecuente y 4) control. La producción de materia seca (MS) en el tratamiento de defoliación moderada fue un 9% y un 107% respectivamente más alta que en frecuente e infrecuente durante el primer año de recolección, mientras que durante el segundo año, los porcentajes correspondientes fueron 26% y 44%. Las poblaciones seleccionadas de A. cristatum sistemáticamente excedieron la producción de hierba de la población base en todos los tratamientos de defoliación durante el invierno. Entre las entradas seleccionadas, [PHS (CC)] presentó sistemáticamente una mayor producción de MS comparada con MHS y PHS en los dos años experimentales. El contenido de PB fue significativamente más alto, mientras que los de FND, FAD y LAD fueron más bajos en la frecuencia aumentada de defoliación comparada con el control, en ambos años de recolección. No hubo diferencias significativas en el valor nutritivo entre las entradas (P>0,05). En general, la producción de hierba en la frecuencia de defoliación moderada fue más estable a lo largo de los años, con un valor nutritivo más alto

Generation of cathode passivation films via oxidation of lithium bis(oxalato) borate on high voltage spinel (LiNi0.5Mn 1.5O4)

The reactions of lithium ion battery electrolyte (LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl, EC/EMC, 3:7 v/v) with and without added lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) on the surface of high voltage LiNi 0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes has been investigated via a combination of electrochemical measurements, in situ gas analysis, and ex situ surface analysis. The oxidation of LiBOB on the cathode results in the generation of CO2 and a cathode passivation film containing borate oxalates. The cathode passivation film inhibits oxidation of the bulk electrolyte at high potential (\u3e4.8 V vs Li/Li+). © 2014 American Chemical Society

Avances en las celdas de combustible de intercambio protónico (PEM): alimentación con etanol

2 pages, 1 figure.Las celdas de combustible de intercambio de protones (PEM), alimentadas con combustibles líquidos y que operan a baja temperatura, muestran en la actualidad un gran interés debido al hecho de que resultan fáciles de manejar y permiten almacenar el combustible de forma segura.Peer reviewe