Stomatal conductance of some grapevines growing in the field under a mediterranean environment

International audienceA semi-empirical model of stomatal conductance was used to analyse porometer measurements on different grapevine cultivars under field conditions. Stomatal conductance was expressed as a function of quantum flux density, water vapour deficit, air temperature and leaf water potential. Where possible, the parameters describing the partial functions were estimated from field data and provide physiological insights into the transpiration process. They indicated differential stomatal sensitivity to air humidity in the various cultivars, a characteristic which could be related to their geographical origins

Influence of water stress on grapevines growing in the field : from leaf to whole-plant response

International audienceA comparative study of soil-plant water relations was conducted on three grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. cvv. carignane, merlot, shiraz) to investigate their adjustment to short-term and long-term water stress under field conditions. Adjustment was a function of the relative stability of the internal plant water status on diurnal and seasonal scales. On a diurnal scale, stomatal closure in response to water vapour pressure directly contributed to this stability. Indirect evidence suggested an influence of the soil water status on the diurnal stomatal activity. On a seasonal scale, sufficient leaf hydration required high whole-plant hydraulic conductance. This was achieved by either daily stomatal regulation or limitation of leaf area. Physiological adjustment to water stress through stomatal control was well developed in cv. carignane, which originated in a Mediterranean environment. However, cv. shiraz, which was of mesic origin, apparently adjusted to water stress by reducing leaf area. Our study demonstrates the utility of integrating data on stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and whole-plant hydraulic conductance to interpret whole plant adaptation to water stress, and elucidates two mechanisms by which genotypes differentially acclimate to water stress

Identifying spatial patterns of Mediterranean landscapes from geostatistic analysis of remotely-sensed data

The basic tool of geostatistics, the semi-variograms, has been used for quantifying spatial structures of soil and vegetation, as depicted by multi-resolution remotely-sensed images. Experimental semi-variograms of two contrasting Mediterranean landscapes were analysed by reference to simple theoretical models (spherical, exponential, allometric). A more general approach based on the superposition of spherical models of similar sills and varying ranges of influences is proposed for the interpretation of complex spatial patterns of natural vegetated landscapes. (Résumé d'auteur

Testing an area-weighted model for albedo or surface temperature of mixed pixels in mediterranean woodlands

International audienceWe have tested the following assumption for a spatially complex area of natural vegetation in Southern France. The spectral response of a mixed pixel is a linear combination of the individual responses of its components. The test has been done with HCMM data: each pixel (500m spatial resolution) has been characterized by its components defined as physiognomical vegetation units. Results from the analysis of multitemporal HCMM data indicate that the assumption is verified for albedos and surface temperatures

Soil drought anomalies in MODIS GPP of a Mediterranean broadleaved evergreen forest

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) yields global operational estimates of terrestrial gross primary production (GPP). In this study, we compared MOD17A2 GPP with tower eddy flux-based estimates of GPP from 2001 to 2010 over an evergreen broad-leaf Mediterranean forest in Southern France with a significant summer drought period. The MOD17A2 GPP shows seasonal variations that are inconsistent with the tower GPP, with close-to-accurate winter estimates and significant discrepancies for summer estimates which are the least accurate. The analysis indicated that the MOD17A2 GPP has high bias relative to tower GPP during severe summer drought which we hypothesized caused by soil water limitation. Our investigation showed that there was a significant correlation (R-2 = 0.77, p < 0.0001) between the relative soil water content and the relative error of MOD17A2 GPP. Therefore, the relationship between the error and the measured relative soil water content could explain anomalies in MOD17A2 GPP. The results of this study indicate that careful consideration of the water conditions input to the MOD17A2 GPP algorithm on remote sensing is required in order to provide accurate predictions of GPP. Still, continued efforts are necessary to ascertain the most appropriate index, which characterizes soil water limitation in water-limited environments using remote sensing

Spatial variation and temporal persistence of grapevine response to a soil texture gradient

Studying the water transport in the soil-plant system requires information on the spatio-temporal variability of both subsystems and the ability to assess the impact of the soil heterogeneity and of the biological responses on the coupling between vegetation and its substrate. This study was conducted for 2 years in a vineyard in the Aude Valley, France, by measuring the particle size distribution of the topsoil, the instantaneous isotopic ratios (18O/16O, 2H/1H) of leaf water, annual shoot biomass production, and interannual persistence of this biomass along a 360 m transect. The resultant spatial series were analysed for their correlations and converted to spectra. Changes in the isotopic ratios along the transect reflect the soil texture gradient, suggesting that the vines root deeper on the gravel layers than elsewhere. This could provide a mechanism for the partial decoupling between soil and vegetation, and thus explain the strong temporal persistence of the vegetation pattern, the low overall correlation between biomass production and soil texture. The spectra show that this correlation concentrates at specific scales which correspond to a minimum variability in the shoot biomass. In this case, therefore, soil texture plays only a minor role in determining the spatial heterogeneity of shoot biomass in gravepine. (Résumé d'auteur

DIAGNÓSTICO PARTICIPATIVO EN SALUD: UN ESTUDIO EN INSTITUCIONES DISTRITALES EDUCATIVAS DE BARRANQUILLA, COLOMBIA

El siguiente diagnóstico participativo en salud dirigido a las instituciones distritales educativas de Barranquilla, Colombia, se desarrolló dentro del proceso de prácticas formativas de la asignatura “Promoción de la salud y Prevención de los problemas sociales” a cargo de los estudiantes del programa de psicología de IX semestre de la Universidad Simón Bolívar en el marco del programa “Interacción Social y Desarrollo Ciudadano” del Departamento de Extensión y Proyección Social de la U.S.B. ABSTRACTThe strategic objective of this intervention is to conceptualize and describe the theoretical, epistemological and methodological compromise mental health of our region, so as to design, manage and operate through promotion and prevention programs, aimed at providing alternative solutions to social problems in the community. For it was decided to conduct a participatory assessment in health that would provide information necessary for the design and implementation of a management project that responds to the problems encountered, the diagnosis counted with the universe of the student population and faculty directors group of 8 ° at 10 ° with their respective courses (a, b, c) in two District Educational Institutions Barranquilla. For data collection techniques were used participatory qualitative and quantitative type, such as Group Interview teachers and students designed the guide questions, based on a study that was run on the Pintana Commune by the Catholic University of Chile in 1999, which was adapted by the teacher in the classroom and Martha Rambals practices and applied Spanish adaptation of White &amp; Diaz (2005 ) scales: Subjective Well Diener ( α = 0.68) , Ryff Psychological Well-being ( α = 0.73), Social Welfare Keyes ( α = 0,70 ). The results showed that both teachers and students have mixed opinions regarding the concept of health, some considered to be the absence of disease and others that it is the welfare of the human being, and the trend continues in the seven remaining conceptual category; in the level of subjective,psychological and social well-being, the students are in middle levels - high in most of the dimensions studied, but levels evidenced the presence of low levels in social welfare with respect to the update, social contribution and social coherence