150 research outputs found
The association of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance and micro/macrovascular diabetic complications, and may predict cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is the major enzyme eliminating ADMA in humans, but the effect of genetic variations in <it>DDAH1 </it>on type 2 diabetes and its long-term outcome are unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From July 2006 to June 2009, we assessed the association between polymorphisms in <it>DDAH1 </it>and type 2 diabetes in 814 consecutive unrelated subjects, including 309 type 2 diabetic patients and 505 non-diabetic individuals. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <it>DDAH1</it>, rs233112, rs1498373, rs1498374, rs587843, rs1403956, and rs1241321 were analyzed. Plasma ADMA levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the 6 SNPs, only rs1241321 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (AA <it>vs </it>GG+AG, OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.86, p = 0.004). The association remained unchanged after adjustment for plasma ADMA level. The fasting plasma glucose and log HOMA-IR tended to be lower in subjects carrying the homozygous AA genotype of rs1241321 compared with the GG+AG genotypes. Over a median follow-up period of 28.2 months, there were 44 all-cause mortality and 50 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke). Compared with the GG and AG genotypes, the AA genotype of rs1241321 was associated with reduced risk of MACE (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11-0.90, p = 0.03) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.80, p = 0.02) only in subgroup with type 2 diabetes. One common haplotype (GGCAGC) was found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.46-0.98, p = 0.04).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results provide the first evidence that SNP rs1241321 in <it>DDAH1 </it>is associated with type 2 diabetes and its long-term outcome.</p
Self-supervised learning-based general laboratory progress pretrained model for cardiovascular event detection
The inherent nature of patient data poses several challenges. Prevalent cases
amass substantial longitudinal data owing to their patient volume and
consistent follow-ups, however, longitudinal laboratory data are renowned for
their irregularity, temporality, absenteeism, and sparsity; In contrast,
recruitment for rare or specific cases is often constrained due to their
limited patient size and episodic observations. This study employed
self-supervised learning (SSL) to pretrain a generalized laboratory progress
(GLP) model that captures the overall progression of six common laboratory
markers in prevalent cardiovascular cases, with the intention of transferring
this knowledge to aid in the detection of specific cardiovascular event. GLP
implemented a two-stage training approach, leveraging the information embedded
within interpolated data and amplify the performance of SSL. After GLP
pretraining, it is transferred for TVR detection. The proposed two-stage
training improved the performance of pure SSL, and the transferability of GLP
exhibited distinctiveness. After GLP processing, the classification exhibited a
notable enhancement, with averaged accuracy rising from 0.63 to 0.90. All
evaluated metrics demonstrated substantial superiority (p < 0.01) compared to
prior GLP processing. Our study effectively engages in translational
engineering by transferring patient progression of cardiovascular laboratory
parameters from one patient group to another, transcending the limitations of
data availability. The transferability of disease progression optimized the
strategies of examinations and treatments, and improves patient prognosis while
using commonly available laboratory parameters. The potential for expanding
this approach to encompass other diseases holds great promise.Comment: published in IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health &
Medicin
Superconductivity above 30 K achieved in dense scandium
Superconductivity is one of most intriguing quantum phenomena, and the quest
for elemental superconductors with high critical temperature (Tc) is of great
scientific significance due to their relatively simple material composition and
the underlying mechanism. Here we report the experimental discovery of densely
compressed scandium (Sc) becoming the first elemental superconductor with Tc
breaking into 30 K range, which is comparable to the Tc values of the classic
La-Ba-Cu-O or LaFeAsO superconductors. Our results show that Tconset of Sc
increases from ~3 K at around 43 GPa to ~32 K at about 283 GPa (Tczero ~ 31 K),
which is well above liquid neon temperature. Interestingly measured Tc shows no
sign of saturation up to the maximum pressure achieved in our experiments,
indicating that Tc might be even higher upon further compression.Comment: 22 pages, 16 figure
Tunable Excitons in Biased Bilayer Graphene
Recent measurements have shown that a continuously tunable bandgap of up to
250 meV can be generated in biased bilayer graphene [Y. Zhang et al., Nature
459, 820 (2009)], opening up pathway for possible graphene-based nanoelectronic
and nanophotonic devices operating at room temperature. Here, we show that the
optical response of this system is dominated by bound excitons. The main
feature of the optical absorbance spectrum is determined by a single symmetric
peak arising from excitons, a profile that is markedly different from that of
an interband transition picture. Under laboratory conditions, the binding
energy of the excitons may be tuned with the external bias going from zero to
several tens of meV's. These novel strong excitonic behaviors result from a
peculiar, effective ``one-dimensional'' joint density of states and a
continuously-tunable bandgap in biased bilayer graphene. Moreover, we show that
the electronic structure (level degeneracy, optical selection rules, etc.) of
the bound excitons in a biased bilayer graphene is markedly different from that
of a two-dimensional hydrogen atom because of the pseudospin physics
Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts
Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas
Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN
Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas
This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing
molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin
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