Massively multiplayer online role-playing games: comparing characteristics of addict vs non-addict online recruited gamers in a French adult population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) are a very popular and enjoyable leisure activity, and there is a lack of international validated instruments to assess excessive gaming. With the growing number of gamers worldwide, adverse effects (isolation, hospitalizations, excessive use, etc.) are observed in a minority of gamers, which is a concern for society and for the scientific community. In the present study, we focused on screening gamers at potential risk of MMORPG addiction.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this exploratory study, we focused on characteristics, online habits and problematic overuse in adult MMORPG gamers. In addition to socio-demographical data and gamer behavioral patterns, 3 different instruments for screening addiction were used in French MMORPG gamers recruited online over 10 consecutive months: the substance dependence criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, fourth revised edition (DSM-IV-TR) that has been adapted for MMORPG (DAS), the qualitative Goldberg Internet Addiction Disorder scale (GIAD) and the quantitative Orman Internet Stress Scale (ISS). For all scales, a score above a specific threshold defined positivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The 448 participating adult gamers were mainly young adult university graduates living alone in urban areas. Participants showed high rates of both Internet addiction (44.2% for GIAD, 32.6% for ISS) and DAS positivity (27.5%). Compared to the DAS negative group, DAS positive gamers reported significantly higher rates of tolerance phenomenon (increased amount of time in online gaming to obtain the desired effect) and declared significantly more social, financial (OR: 4.85), marital (OR: 4.61), family (OR: 4.69) and/or professional difficulties (OR: 4.42) since they started online gaming. Furthermore, these gamers self-reported significantly higher rates (3 times more) of irritability, daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation due to play, low mood and emotional changes since online gaming onset.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The DAS appeared to be a good first-line instrument to screen MMORPG addiction in online gamers. This study found high MMORPG addiction rates, and self-reported adverse symptoms in important aspects of life, including mood and sleep. This confirms the need to set up relevant prevention programs against online game overuse.</p

Prevalence of internet addiction in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aim: In the last two decades, the proportion of internet users has greatly increased worldwide. Data regarding internet addiction (IA) are lacking in Africa compared to other continents. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of IA in African countries. Methods: We systematically sought relevant articles in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane database published before September 25, 2021. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool, and we estimated the pooled prevalence of IA using a random-effects meta-analytic model. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses guidelines. Results: We included 22 studies (13,365 participants), and collected data from Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania and Tunisia between 2013 and 2021. The mean age of participants ranged from 14.8 to 26.1 years, and the most used tool for IA screening was the Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test. The pooled prevalence rate of IA was 40.3% (95% CI: 32.2%–48.7%), with substantial heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence for Northern Africa was 44.6% (95% CI: 32.9%–56.7%), significantly higher than the prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, which was 31.0% (95% CI: 25.2%–37.1%). The risk of bias was moderate for most studies, the certainty was very low, and we found no publication bias. Discussion and conclusions: Four in every ten individuals was considered to have IA in Africa. Further research with methodological optimization seems needed, especially for IA screening tools and the representativity of some subregions

Interventions combining mindfulness training with non-invasive brain stimulation and their impact on mental health outcomes: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BackgroundMindfulness training programs and non-invasive brain stimulation are both evidence-based interventions that have applications in mental health disorders. While both have showed promising results on a range of symptoms related to mental health, their combination has more recently grabbed the attention of researchers. There is a theoretical framework for their synergistic effects, and these effects can be tested through a variety of neurophysiological and clinical outcomes. This emerging field of research, which is regularly extended with new trials, has not yet been systematically reviewed. This systematic review protocol aims to present a rationale for combining these two interventions and to document the methodical approach to our systematic review before data extraction.Methods and analysisFour electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO) and three clinical trial registries (Clinical Trials, EU Trials, WHO ICTRP) were searched. All randomized controlled trials testing the combination of mindfulness-based interventions and non-invasive brain stimulation in humans will be included. As primary outcome, data on change in anxiety and depression symptoms from baseline, and, as secondary outcomes, other mental health outcomes data will be gathered. Data will be extracted independently by two authors using a predefined extraction form. Depending on the clinical heterogeneity of the included studies, the research team will decide whether a quantitative synthesis is appropriate for each of the predefined outcomes. If there is considerable statistical heterogeneity, subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be performed. Bias will be assessed using a revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and the strength of evidence in our review will be assessed using the GRADE form in GRADEPro. We started our scoping searches in November 2022. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was finished and submitted before the end of the independent full-text selection process by two members of the team.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval and consent to participate were not applicable to our systematic review. Our dissemination plan includes the publication of our systematic review and meta-analysis in an international peer-reviewed journal as well as international communication of our results.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42022353971

A Rasch analysis between schizophrenic patients and the general population

The aim of this study was to test the General Oral Health Assessment Index Questionnaire (GOHAI) items for differential item functioning (DIF) according to demographic characteristics (gender, age) and mental health status (schizophrenic disorders versus general population) using Rasch analysis

Impact biopsychosocial de la charge des aidants : pourquoi faut-il porter une attention spécifique envers la santé des aidants ?

International audienceThere are 11 million family caregivers in France and some estimates indicate that there will be 17 million in 2020.Caregiving is a source of chronic stress that requires adaptation and coping strategies.Caregiving may benefit the health of a caregiver with a positive coping style and altruistic goals.However, the caregiver's burden is frequently associated with negative effects in terms of biopsychosocial imbalance and medical conditions, with frequent anxiety and depression.The management of the caregiving burden starts with the recognition of health professionals – caregivers may benefit from consultation-liaison psychiatry and multidisciplinary medico-social strategies, in addition to constant support from their GPs.La France compte 11 millions d’aidants et des projections estiment à 17 millions le nombre d’aidants en 2020.Le soutien d’un proche représente un stress chronique et les modalités de gestion de ce stress influencent la santé physique et psychique des aidants.Être aidant peut s’avérer bénéfique pour la santé dans un contexte de gestion opérante du stress et de valorisation altruiste de cette tâche.Cependant, le rôle des aidants est aussi associé à des effets délétères en termes de déséquilibre biopsychosocial, avec une fréquente atteinte de la santé physique des aidants, puis l’émergence classique de troubles anxieux et de dépression.La prise en charge du fardeau des aidants nécessite une reconnaissance de la part des professionnels de santé ainsi qu’un recours à des interventions de psychiatrie de liaison, en soutien de stratégies pluridisciplinaires médico-sociales articulées autour du nécessaire accompagnement de médecine générale

La santé buccodentaire des patients schizophrènes : une étude française transversale multicentrique

International audienceObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of a sample of patients with schizophrenia (PWS) in Côte d’Or region (France) and to determine the factors associated with dental status.Material and MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. PWS were selected using a random stratified method. Dental status was investigated using the Decayed, Missing, or Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, based on 32 teeth. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), the Xerostomia Index (XI) and the Global Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) for Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHrQoL) were recorded.ResultsAmong the 302 persons identified, 109 were included (acceptance rate was 49.1%). Of these, 61.5% were men. The mean age was 46.8 years±12.0 years. The majority (78%) had completed a secondary education (SE). The mean duration of mental illness (DMI) was 17.9±9.4 years, and 55.5% were taking drugs. The mean DMFT was 16.6±8.1. There was a significant relationship between age, SE, oral health variables, medical conditions and OHrQoL.ConclusionsPWS describe a poor OHrQoL. The dental and hygiene index scores are poor. We observed a lack of brushing and of dental visit for these persons and a gap in oral health between PWS and general population.ObjectifLe but de cette étude était d’évaluer l’état de santé buccodentaire d’un échantillon de patients atteints de schizophrénie (PS) en Côte d’Or (France) et de préciser les facteurs associés à la santé buccodentaire.Matériel et méthodesUne étude descriptive transversale multicentrique a été réalisée. Les PS ont été sélectionnés en utilisant une méthode stratifiée aléatoire. L’état de santé buccodentaire a été étudié en utilisant l’indice carieux (CAO) qui fait la somme des dents cariées, (C), absentes (O) et obturées (O) basé sur 32 dents, l’indice d’hygiène buccale simplifié (OHI-S), l’indice de xérostomie (XI) et un indice global d’évaluation de la qualité de vie lié à la santé buccodentaire, le Global Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI).RésultatsParmi les 302 personnes identifiées pour cette étude, 109 ont été incluses (taux d’acceptation de 49,1 %). Parmi celles-ci, 61,5 % étaient des hommes. L’âge moyen était de 46,8 ans±12,0 ans. La majorité des PS (78 %) avaient terminé leurs études secondaires (ES). La durée moyenne de la maladie mentale était de 17,9±9,4 ans et 55,5 % prenaient des médicaments. Le CAO moyen était de 16,6±8,1. Il y avait une association significative l’âge, les ES, les variables de santé buccodentaire, les conditions médicales et la qualité de vie liée à la santé buccodentaire.ConclusionsLes PS ont une mauvaise qualité de vie liée à leur santé buccodentaire. Les scores de l’indice dentaire et d’hygiène sont de mauvaises qualités. Nous avons observé un manque d’hygiène buccodentaire et de fréquentation des dentistes par ces populations ainsi qu’un écart entre la santé buccodentaire des PS et la population générale.ObjectifLe but de cette étude était d’évaluer l’état de santé buccodentaire d’un échantillon de patients atteints de schizophrénie (PS) en Côte d’Or (France) et de préciser les facteurs associés à la santé buccodentaire.Matériel et méthodesUne étude descriptive transversale multicentrique a été réalisée. Les PS ont été sélectionnés en utilisant une méthode stratifiée aléatoire. L’état de santé buccodentaire a été étudié en utilisant l’indice carieux (CAO) qui fait la somme des dents cariées, (C), absentes (O) et obturées (O) basé sur 32 dents, l’indice d’hygiène buccale simplifié (OHI-S), l’indice de xérostomie (XI) et un indice global d’évaluation de la qualité de vie lié à la santé buccodentaire, le Global Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI).RésultatsParmi les 302 personnes identifiées pour cette étude, 109 ont été incluses (taux d’acceptation de 49,1 %). Parmi celles-ci, 61,5 % étaient des hommes. L’âge moyen était de 46,8 ans±12,0 ans. La majorité des PS (78 %) avaient terminé leurs études secondaires (ES). La durée moyenne de la maladie mentale était de 17,9±9,4 ans et 55,5 % prenaient des médicaments. Le CAO moyen était de 16,6±8,1. Il y avait une association significative l’âge, les ES, les variables de santé buccodentaire, les conditions médicales et la qualité de vie liée à la santé buccodentaire.ConclusionsLes PS ont une mauvaise qualité de vie liée à leur santé buccodentaire. Les scores de l’indice dentaire et d’hygiène sont de mauvaises qualités. Nous avons observé un manque d’hygiène buccodentaire et de fréquentation des dentistes par ces populations ainsi qu’un écart entre la santé buccodentaire des PS et la population générale

Occlusal plane elevation to prevent lip self-mutilation: A case report

International audienc

Prolonged-release buprenorphine formulations: Perspectives for clinical practice

International audienceBuprenorphine and methadone are the two main opioid agonist treatments approved for opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist of the mu opioid receptors, which has been merely available through sublingual form until now. In practice, the use of buprenorphine is smoother than that of methadone, and it induces reduced risks of overdose. However, sublingual buprenorphine also exposes to risks (e.g., withdrawal, misuse) and constraints (e.g., daily intake). Three new galenic formulations of prolonged-release buprenorphine (PRB) are being commercialized and should allow some improvements in patients' comfort and safety. This narrative review aims to describe the main technical features and efficacy and safety data of these PRBs, as well as patients' and professionals' expectancies and concerns, using data of the scientific literature and the regulatory texts. PRBs consist of one subcutaneous implant and two subcutaneous injection depots. Sixmo(R)/Probuphine(R) is a six-month-long implant which needs to be surgically placed and removed and is approved for subjects previously treated with a maximum daily dose of 8mg of sublingual buprenorphine, and can be used only for two successive periods of six months before the subject needs to be switched back to sublingual form. Sublocade(R) is a one-month-long depot formulation that is indicated in switch from sublingual buprenorphine, and which proposes only two dose schemes, i.e., 100 and 300mg monthly. Buvidal(R)/Brixadi(R) is a one-week- or one-month-long depot formulation with multiple dosages, which can be used in initiation or in switched from sublingual formulations. While opioid users report some concerns with a risk of coercive use of long-acting forms of buprenorphine, both users and professionals deem that these new specialties could be particularly appreciated in stabilized patients bothered with the daily intake of the treatments, or specific situations at risk of treatment dropout (e.g., following hospital discharge or prison release)