Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Estrategias de desarrollo de leches fermentadas con potencial antioxidante y efecto anti-obesidad

El desarrollo de leches fermentadas con propiedades saludables requiere de fundamento científico y viabilidad tecnológica. El presente trabajo aborda estrategias de desarrollo de leches fermentadas con potencial antioxidante, por incorporación de extractos vegetales, y de leches fermentadas con potencial efecto anti-obesidad por la potenciación del contenido en ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA).The development of fermented milks with health claims requires scientific basis and technological feasibility. This paper addresses strategies for the development of fermented milks with antioxidant potential, by incorporation of plant extracts, and fermented milks with anti-obesity potential by enhancing the content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)