Cultura de la legalidad ciudadana

La cultura de la legalidad es un conjunto de valores y acciones que genera en la ciudadanía la defensa de un Estado de derecho y el rechazo a la ilegalidad. Es a través de este mecanismo que la ciudadanía se autorregula, ya que son creencias compartidas regidas en forma democrática

Genetic and serologic surveillance of rotavirus with P[8] and P[4] genotypes in feces from children in the city of Chihuahua, northern Mexico

Rotavirus vaccine was developed using the most prominent G and P genotypes circulating in children population. Therefore, severe gastroenteritis has been reduced around the world. This study investigated the G and P rotavirus genotypes circulating in children from two hospitals in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Additionally, polyclonal antibodies against Rotavirus Wa strain were used to determine their homotypic and heterotypic reactivity to both P[8] and P[4] genotypes. G1, G2, and G3 VP7 genotypes and P[8] and P[4] VP4 genotypes were detected in common and uncommon combinations as well as mixed infectious. The predominant combination was G1P[8]. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4 gene revealed the presence of P[8]-1 and P[8]-3 lineages of P[8] genotype and P[4]-5 lineage of P[4] genotype. All but five G1P[8] rotavirus were detected by polyclonal anti-Rotavirus Wa strain. Mutation analysis revealed differences in three of the four neutralizing epitopes previously reported to VP8* subunit of VP4 protein. Results of this study offer insights over genetic variants of field rotavirus that could be detected in a homotypic and heterotypic way by antibodies elicited to rotavirus with P[8] genotype. [Int Microbiol 2016; 19(1):27-32]Keywords: rotavirus · viral genotypes · lineages of virus · epitopes · Chihuahua, Mexico      &nbsp

Profile of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic liver disease in the compensation, inflammation and immunosuppression phases

Introduction and objectives: Decompensated cirrhosis is defined by the onset of complications and is associated with immune dysfunction. This is the result of two processes: systemic inflammation and damage made by the immune system. Our objective was to determine the profile of pro and anti inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic liver disease: alcoholic (OH), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), autoimmune liver disease (AILD) and hepatitis C (HCV), in the phases of compensation, inflammation and immunosuppression, based on functional classifications and prognosis with the CHILD- PUGH, MELD and D'Amico scales. Methods and materials: Prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study, made in the University Hospital, Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez during 2019-2020. A total of 108 patients were included: 28 OH, 27 NASH, 25 HCV and 27 AILD. The diagnosis and functional classification was made according to international guidelines. Inclusion criteria: over 18 years of age, signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria: hepatocellular carcinoma, other autoimmune pathologies. Blood samples (10 ml) were collected to quantify TNF-a, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1, IL-6. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee with registration MI20-0002. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between groups and stages Results: In OH, there is an increase in IL-6 and IL-8 in the decompensation phase, Child-Pugh stage C, D'amico stage 5 and MELD from 25 to 34 points. NASH patients had an increase in IL-8 in the inflammation phase as assessed by Child-Pugh B and D'amico 3 and 4. There was an increase in IL-6 in the immunosuppression phase. In patients with HCV and AILD, increased serum levels of IL-8 and IL-6 were shown in decompensation stages (Figure 1). Discussion: In this study, we demonstrated a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in patients in the inflammation and immunosuppression phases. Fischer J et al. reported that a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with immune dysfunction has led to the identification of possible therapeutic targets, with the intention of reducing the risk of infection and preventing decompensation events and disease progression. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-8 and IL-6) as cirrhosis progresses. This is consistent with in the inflammation and immunosuppression phases, assessed by the Child-Pugh severity scales in stages B and C, D'amico from stages 3 to 5 and MELD> from 16 to 24 points and from 25 to 34 points. in the four etiologies included, being statistically significant.The authors declare no conflict of interest.This work was sponsored by PAICYT-UANL-SA830-19

Association between ABO blood groups and preeclampsia

Objective To determine the association between the ABO blood group and preeclampsia. Methods This is a case-control study that included patients with (n = 253) and without (n = 457) preeclampsia/eclampsia in Northeastern Mexico. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. Binary multiple logistic regression analysis was used for analyzing the association between the ABO blood group and preeclampsia according to parity status while adjusting for potential confounders. Results Blood groups A, B, and AB showed adjusted odds ratios of 0.6 (95%CI 0.3-1.0), 1.1 (95%CI 0.6-2.2), and 0.3 (95%CI 0.1-1.1) in multiparous women, respectively. No association was found in nulliparous women either. Conclusions ABO blood groups were not associated with preeclampsia in Mexican women

Delphi project on the trends in implant dentistry in the COVID- 19 era: perspectives from Latin America

Aim: To establish trends in Implant Dentistry in Latin America in the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: A steering committee and an advisory group of experts in Implant Dentistry were selected among eighteen countries. An open-ended questionnaire by Delphi methodology was validated including 64 questions, divided in 7 topics, concerning the various trends in dental implantology. The survey was conducted in two rounds, which provided the participants in the second round with the results of the first. The questionnaires were completed on August 2020, and the online meeting conference was held on September 2020. The final prediction was developed through consensus by a selected group of experts. Results: A total of 197 experts from Latin America answered the first and second questionnaire. In the first round, the established threshold for consensus (65%) was achieved in 30 questions (46.87%). In the second round, performed on average 45 days later, this level was achieved in 47 questions (73.43%). Consensus was completely reached on the item “Diagnostic” (100%), the field with the lowest consensus was “Demand for treatment with dental implants” (37.5%). Conclusions: The present study in Latin America has provided relevant and useful information on the predictions in the education and practice of Implant Dentistry in the COVID-19 era. The consensus points toward a great confidence of clinicians in the biosecurity protocols used to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. It is foreseen as an important change in education, with introduction of virtual reality and other simulation technologies in implant trainin