Etude de la canicule européenne de 2003 avec les données aéroportées MOZAIC : pollution et transport.

This thesis aims to characterise and analyse pollution sources during summer european heat wave 2003 thanks to MOZAIC airborne data. Study of such intense event is necessary because of its probable frequency increase in a climate changing context. MOZAIC dataset contribution with frequent vertical profiles at Frankfurt, Vienna and Paris allows to describe and quantify vertical extension of pollutant anomalies (ozone, carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen oxides) with regards to an 11-years establish climatology. Synoptic condition study of heat wave formation identifies favorable factor to pollution and establishes the prominence of the planetary boundary layer intense expansion. In a second part, lagrangian analysis is used in order to assess impact of primary emissions sources of CO at MOZAIC measurements : European and North American anthropic emissions, and Portuguese biomass fire emissions. In a third part, global chemistry-transport model GEOS-Chem allows to examine important process during the episode (dry deposition and biogenic emissions). Simulations are previously evaluate versus MOZAIC data and sensibility tests utilizing shows the importance of surface-vegetation-atmopshere process and the importance of Portugal fire plumes transport thanks to a daily emission calendarCette thèse porte sur la caractérisation et l'analyse des sources de pollution avec les données aéroportées MOZAIC pendant la canicule européenne de l'été 2003. L'étude d'un tel événement extrème est nécessaire car sa fréquence est suceptible d'augmenter dans un contexte de changement climatique. L'apport des données MOZAIC avec de fréquents profils verticaux sur Francfort, Vienne et Paris, permet de caractériser et quantifier la dimension verticale des anomalies de polluants (ozone, monoxyde de carbone CO, oxydes d'azote) par rapport à une climatologie établie sur près de 11 ans. L'étude sur les conditions synoptiques de formation de la canicule identifie les facteurs favorables à la pollution et établit l'importance du développement intense de la couche limite planétaire. Dans une deuxième partie, une approche lagrangienne est utilisée pour estimer les importances respectives de différentes sources d'émissions primaires de CO vis-à-vis des observations MOZAIC : émissions anthropiques européennes et nord-américaines, et émissions par les feux de biomasse sur le Portugal. Dans une troisième partie, le modèle de chimie-transport global GEOS-Chem est utilisé pour étudier plus en détails certains processus importants lors de l'épisode (dépôt sec, émissions biogéniques). Une évaluation des simulations est d'abord menée avec les données MOZAIC puis des tests de sensibilité sont ensuite exploités pour montrer l'importance des processus de couplage sol-végétation-atmosphère et l'importance du transport depuis le Portugal des panaches des feux de biomasse documentés avec un cadastre d'émissions journalier

Etude de la canicule européenne de 2003 avec les données aéroportées MOZAIC

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocTOULOUSE-Observ. Midi Pyréné (315552299) / SudocSudocFranceF

Ozone et pollution atmosphérique à grande échelle - La campagne de mesures Pic 2005

http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/14845/meteo_2007_59_31.pdfInternational audienceThe « Pic 2005 » field experiment took place in June and July 2005 around the Pic du Midi (2 875m asl, in the central Pyrenees). Its main goal was to investigate the spatial and temporal structure of the ozone field around that summit, which is a per- manent measurement site of the Paes network (La Météorologie, no 58). The article provides a summary of the scientific context, a description of the observation network deployed for the campaign, and an illustrative panel of the collected observations and main lines of research.La campagne de mesures intensives « Pic 2005 », menée en juin et juillet 2005, visait, en premier lieu, une meilleure compréhension de la struc- ture spatio-temporelle du champ d’ozone au niveau du pic du Midi (2 875 m, dans les Pyrénées centra- les), station de mesures automatiques du réseau Paes (La Météorologie, n° 58). L’article résume le contexte scientifique de la campagne, décrit le dispositif expérimental qui a été déployé, et illustre les observations effectuées ainsi que les axes de recher- che poursuivis

Ozone et pollution atmosphérique à grande échelle (2)La campagne de mesures Pic 2005

http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/14845/meteo_2007_59_31.pdfInternational audienceThe « Pic 2005 » field experiment took place in June and July 2005 around the Pic du Midi (2 875m asl, in the central Pyrenees). Its main goal was to investigate the spatial and temporal structure of the ozone field around that summit, which is a per- manent measurement site of the Paes network (La Météorologie, no 58). The article provides a summary of the scientific context, a description of the observation network deployed for the campaign, and an illustrative panel of the collected observations and main lines of research.La campagne de mesures intensives « Pic 2005 », menée en juin et juillet 2005, visait, en premier lieu, une meilleure compréhension de la struc- ture spatio-temporelle du champ d’ozone au niveau du pic du Midi (2 875 m, dans les Pyrénées centra- les), station de mesures automatiques du réseau Paes (La Météorologie, n° 58). L’article résume le contexte scientifique de la campagne, décrit le dispositif expérimental qui a été déployé, et illustre les observations effectuées ainsi que les axes de recher- che poursuivis

Expanding Tara Oceans Protocols for Underway, Ecosystemic Sampling of the Ocean-Atmosphere Interface During Tara Pacific Expedition (2016–2018)

Interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere occur at the air-sea interface through the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particulate matter, and through the impact of the upper-ocean biology on the composition and radiative properties of this boundary layer. The Tara Pacific expedition, launched in May 2016 aboard the schooner Tara, was a 29-month exploration with the dual goals to study the ecology of reef ecosystems along ecological gradients in the Pacific Ocean and to assess inter-island and open ocean surface plankton and neuston community structures. In addition, key atmospheric properties were measured to study links between the two boundary layer properties. A major challenge for the open ocean sampling was the lack of ship-time available for work at "stations". The time constraint led us to develop new underway sampling approaches to optimize physical, chemical, optical, and genomic methods to capture the entire community structure of the surface layers, from viruses to metazoans in their oceanographic and atmospheric physicochemical context. An international scientific consortium was put together to analyze the samples, generate data, and develop datasets in coherence with the existing Tara Oceans database. Beyond adapting the extensive Tara Oceans sampling protocols for high-resolution underway sampling, the key novelties compared to Tara Oceans' global assessment of plankton include the measurement of (i) surface plankton and neuston biogeography and functional diversity; (ii) bioactive trace metals distribution at the ocean surface and metal-dependent ecosystem structures; (iii) marine aerosols, including biological entities; (iv) geography, nature and colonization of microplastic; and (v) high-resolution underway assessment of net community production via equilibrator inlet mass spectrometry. We are committed to share the data collected during this expedition, making it an important resource important resource to address a variety of scientific questions

Expanding Tara Oceans Protocols for Underway, Ecosystemic Sampling of the Ocean-Atmosphere Interface During Tara Pacific Expedition (2016-2018)

Interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere occur at the air-sea interface through the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particulate matter, and through the impact of the upper-ocean biology on the composition and radiative properties of this boundary layer. The Tara Pacific expedition, launched in May 2016 aboard the schooner Tara, was a 29-month exploration with the dual goals to study the ecology of reef ecosystems along ecological gradients in the Pacific Ocean and to assess inter-island and open ocean surface plankton and neuston community structures. In addition, key atmospheric properties were measured to study links between the two boundary layer properties. A major challenge for the open ocean sampling was the lack of ship-time available for work at "stations". The time constraint led us to develop new underway sampling approaches to optimize physical, chemical, optical, and genomic methods to capture the entire community structure of the surface layers, from viruses to metazoans in their oceanographic and atmospheric physicochemical context. An international scientific consortium was put together to analyze the samples, generate data, and develop datasets in coherence with the existing Tara Oceans database. Beyond adapting the extensive Tara Oceans sampling protocols for high-resolution underway sampling, the key novelties compared to Tara Oceans' global assessment of plankton include the measurement of (i) surface plankton and neuston biogeography and functional diversity; (ii) bioactive trace metals distribution at the ocean surface and metal-dependent ecosystem structures; (iii) marine aerosols, including biological entities; (iv) geography, nature and colonization of microplastic; and (v) high-resolution underway assessment of net community production via equilibrator inlet mass spectrometry. We are committed to share the data collected during this expedition, making it an important resource important resource to address a variety of scientific questions