Transcriptomic Profiles of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Response to Escherichia coli is Associated with the Host Genetics.

Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are a group of bactericidal molecules produced by macrophages in response to pathogens in a process called oxidative burst. Nitric oxide (NO-) is a member of RNS produced from arginine by inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) enzyme. The activity of iNOS and production of NO- by macrophages following stimulation is one of the indicators of macrophage polarization towards M1/proinflammatory. Production of NO- by bovine monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) and mouse peritoneal macrophages has been shown to be strongly associated with host genetic with the heritability of 0.776 in bovine MDM and 0.8 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, the mechanism of genetic regulation of macrophage response has remained less explored. In the current study, the transcriptome of bovine MDMs was compared between two extreme phenotypes that had been classified as high and low responder based on NO- production. The results showed that 179 and 392 genes were differentially expressed (DE) between high and low responder groups at 3 and 18 hours after exposure to Escherichia coli, respectively. A set of 11 Transcription Factors (TFs) (STAT1, IRF7, SPI1, STAT4, IRF1, HIF1A, FOXO3, REL, NFAT5, HIC1, and IRF4) at 3 hours and a set of 13 TFs (STAT1, IRF1, HIF1A, STAT4, ATF4, TP63, EGR1, CDKN2A, RBL1, E2F1, PRDM1, GATA3, and IRF4) at 18 hours after exposure to E. coli were identified to be differentially regulated between the high and low responder phenotypes. These TFs were found to be divided into two clusters of inflammatory- and hypoxia-related TFs. Functional analysis revealed that some key canonical pathways such as phagocytosis, chemotaxis, antigen presentation, and cell-to-cell signalling are enriched among the over-expressed genes by high responder phenotype. Based on the results of this study, it was inferred that the functional characteristics of bovine MDMs are associated with NO-based classification. Since NO- production is strongly associated with host genetics, this study for the first time shows the distinct proinflammatory profiles of macrophages are controlled by the natural genetic polymorphism in an outbred population. In addition, the results suggest that genetics can be considered as a new dimension in the current model of macrophage polarization which is currently described by the combination of stimulants, only

Trabas a las importaciones y sus consecuencias en la provincia de Mendoza desde 2012 hasta 2015

El presente trabajo de investigación, pretende analizar el impacto ocasionado en los distintos sectores económicos de la Provincia de Mendoza, a raíz de las diversas restricciones a las importaciones por el Gobierno Nacional, durante el período 2012-2015.Fil: Bucca Trejo, Leandro Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Iniesta Di Cesare, Mariano Juan. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Reggio, Pablo Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Improving colon cancer screening/referrals based on current guidelines in an underserved area outpatient clinic.

Background: In 2021 in the US there was an estimated 1.8 million new cases of cancer and 600,000 cancer death, that means 5200 new cases per day and 1670 deaths. CRC is the 4th most common cancer diagnosed among adults and the 2ndleading cause of death from cancer. The ACS recommends that adults aged 45 years and older with an average risk of CRC undergo regular screening with either a high-sensitivity stool- based test or a structural (visual) examination, depending on patient preference and test availability. Screening with any one of multiple options is associated with a significant reduction in CRC. Objectives: The primary objective was to show that the intervention of choice leads to an improvement of percentage of the appropriate colorectal screening significantly. We also, wanted to educate residents and improve awareness of current guidelines for CRC screening. Methods: We designed a prospective, interventional study and compared the percentage of patients screened or referred for screening older than 45 years old, before and after the intervention over a six-month period. Inclusion criteria were all Hispanic and non-Hispanic, at the age of 45 to 75 seeing in the clinic from January 1st, 2021, to July 1st, 2021.The initial and primary intervention was as ground round about Colorectal cancer screening on 08/25/21. The secondary intervention were informative flyers at the dictation and conference room at the clinic about FOBTx3, FIT and Colonoscopy options for screening. The expected duration of project was a year. Results: Pre intervention, the percentage of patients screened were about 50.09%, after our intervention the percentage increased to 60.49% with a p value of 0.0006

Fortalecimiento de las contrataciones públicas en los servicios de consultoría para supervisiones de obra en el marco de la reconstrucción con cambios del Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones. Período 2021-2022

La presente investigación propone mejorar el procedimiento de contratación de las supervisiones de obras de Reconstrucción con Cambios, en el Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, empleando productos, el desarrollo de un instructivo conteniendo un catálogo o ficha de Acuerdo Marco para que sea utilizado en el portal Perú Compras y el desarrollo de un Plan de Capacitación, los cuales conllevarían a que se agilicen las contrataciones en beneficio de la población afectada por el fenómeno del Niño Costero. Es de señalar que también esta modalidad podría ser usada para procedimientos que no estén vinculados al Fenómeno del Niño Costero. La presente investigación se encuentra enmarcada en el Programa Presupuestal N° 149, el cual espera como resultado específico la Mejora del desempeño en las Contrataciones Públicas. En ese sentido, la propuesta presentada aborda la causa “Insuficiente e inadecuada información para la gestión del proceso de contratación pública” y se presentan alternativas para solucionar dicho problema

Nuclear-lipid-droplet proteome: carboxylesterase as a nuclear lipase involved in lipid-droplet homeostasis

Nuclear-lipid droplets (nLD)—a dynamic cellular organelle that stores neutral lipids, within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells—consists of a hydrophobic triacylglycerol –cholesterol-ester core enriched in oleic acid (OA) surrounded by a monolayer of polar lipids, cholesterol, and proteins. nLD are probably involved in nuclear-lipid homeostasis serving as an endonuclear buffer that provides or incorporates lipids and proteins participating in signaling pathways, as transcription factors and enzymes of lipid metabolism and nuclear processes. In the present work, we analyzed the nLD proteome and hypothesized that nLD-monolayer proteins could be involved in processes similar as the ones occurring in the cLD including lipid metabolism and other cellular functions. We evaluated the rat-liver–nLD proteome under physiological and nonpathological conditions by GeLC-MS2. Since isolated nLD are highly diluted, a protein-concentrating isolation protocol was designed. Thirty-five proteins were identified within the functional categories: cytoskeleton and structural, transcription and translation, histones, protein-folding and posttranslational modification, cellular proliferation and/or cancer, lipid metabolism, and transport. Purified nLD contained an enzyme from the lipid-metabolism pathway, carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d/ Ces3). Nuclear Carboxylesterase localization was confirmed by Western blotting. By in-silico analyses rat Ces1d/ Ces3 secondary and tertiary structure predicted would be equivalent to human CES1. These results—the first nLD proteome—demonstrate that a tandem-GeLC-MS2-analysis protocol facilitates studies like these on rat-liver nuclei. A diversity of cellular-protein function was identified indicating the direct or indirect nLD participation and involving Ces1d/Ces3 in the LD-population homeostasis.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Gαi2+ vomeronasal neurons govern the initial outcome of an acute social competition

Pheromone detection by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) mediates important social behaviors across different species, including aggression and sexual behavior. However, the relationship between vomeronasal function and social hierarchy has not been analyzed reliably. We evaluated the role of pheromone detection by receptors expressed in the apical layer of the VNO such as vomeronasal type 1 receptors (V1R) in dominance behavior by using a conditional knockout mouse for G protein subunit Gαi2, which is essential for V1R signaling. We used the tube test as a model to analyze the within-a-cage hierarchy in male mice, but also as a paradigm of novel territorial competition in animals from different cages. In absence of prior social experience, Gαi2 deletion promotes winning a novel social competition with an unfamiliar control mouse but had no effect on an established hierarchy in cages with mixed genotypes, both Gαi2−/− and controls. To further dissect social behavior of Gαi2−/− mice, we performed a 3-chamber sociability assay and found that mutants had a slightly altered social investigation. Finally, gene expression analysis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) for a subset of genes previously linked to social status revealed no differences between group-housed Gαi2−/− and controls. Our results reveal a direct influence of pheromone detection on territorial dominance, indicating that olfactory communication involving apical VNO receptors like V1R is important for the outcome of an initial social competition between two unfamiliar male mice, whereas final social status acquired within a cage remains unaffected. These results support the idea that previous social context is relevant for the development of social hierarchy of a group. Overall, our data identify two context-dependent forms of dominance, acute and chronic, and that pheromone signaling through V1R receptors is involved in the first stages of a social competition but in the long term is not predictive for high social ranks on a hierarchy.Fil: Pallé, Anna. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Montero, Marta. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Fernendez, Silvia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Tezanos, Patricia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: De las Heras, Juan. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Luskey, Valerie. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Birnbaumer, Lutz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Zufall, Frank. Universitat Saarland; AlemaniaFil: Chamero, Pablo. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Trejo, José Luis. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Españ

Cultura y sociedad en movimiento

La presente compilación de textos, que aborda temáticas diversas sobre cultura y sociedad, es corolario de un esfuerzo compartido de profesores investigadores y alumnos de licenciatura y posgrado con el fin de dar a conocer resultados de las investigaciones que se están realizando en el organismo académico, incluyendo, por supuesto, otros trabajos llevados a cabo por colegas de instituciones y disciplinas afines; de esta manera se fortalecen los cuerpos académicos y se promueven las líneas de generación y aplicación del conocimiento de éstos, evidenciando algunos campos de conocimiento de la antropología.Como es manifiesto, la obra en su conjunto aborda distintos temas desde diversas perspectivas epistemológicas y teórico-conceptuales. Constituye un trabajo plural que articula la perspectiva antropológica, con otras lentes disciplinares. Cuerpo, agricultura, desigualdad y bienestar se entrelazan como ejes en principio divergentes, que hallan en lo sociocultural un elemento común de análisis. Así, los textos aquí englobados tienen la expectativa de aportar en la discusión contemporánea de viejos y nuevos derroteros de interés antropológico, y social en general

Perinatal and childhood factors and risk of breast cancer subtypes in adulthood

BACKGROUND: Accumulated exposure to hormones and growth factors during early life may influence the future risk of breast cancer (BC). This study examines the influence of childhood-related, socio-demographic and anthropometric variables on BC risk, overall and by specific pathologic subtypes. METHODS: This is a case-control study where 1539 histologically-confirmed BC cases (23-85 years) and 1621 population controls, frequency matched by age, were recruited in 10 Spanish provinces. Perinatal and childhood-related characteristics were directly surveyed by trained staff. The association with BC risk, globally and according to menopausal status and pathologic subtypes, was evaluated using logistic and multinomial regression models, adjusting for tumor specific risk factors. RESULTS: Birth characteristics were not related with BC risk. However, women with high socioeconomic level at birth presented a decreased BC risk (OR=0.45; 95% CI=0.29-0.70), while those whose mothers were aged over 39 years at their birth showed an almost significant excess risk of hormone receptor positive tumors (HR+) (OR=1.35; 95% CI=0.99-1.84). Women who were taller than their girl mates before puberty showed increased postmenopausal BC risk (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.03-1.54) and increased HR+ BC risk (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.04-1.52). Regarding prepubertal weight, while those women who were thinner than average showed higher postmenopausal BC risk (OR=1.46; 95% CI=1.20-1.78), associated with HR+ tumors (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.12-1.61) and with triple negative tumors (OR=1.56; 95% CI=1.03-2.35), those who were heavier than average presented lower premenopausal BC risk (OR=0.64; 95% CI=0.46-0.90) and lower risk of epidermal growth factor receptor positive tumors (OR=0.61; 95% CI=0.40-0.93). CONCLUSION: These data reflect the importance of hormones and growth factors in the early stages of life, when the mammary gland is in development and therefore more vulnerable to proliferative stimuli