Student abstracts of selected articles

Vowel Nasality in Sudanese by Ron Trail, abstracted from Robins, R. H. 1957. Vowel Nasality in Sudanese, A Phonological and Grammatical Study. Studies in Linguistic Analysis, J.R. Firth ed. London: The Philological Society, 87-103. Style in Huichol by Nancy Freiberger, abstracted from Grimes, Joseph E. 1955. Style in Huichol Structure, Language 31.31-35. Trique Tone by Richard Bergman, abstracted from Longacre, Robert E. 1952. Five Phonemic Pitch Levels in Trique, Acta Linguistica 7.62-82. Tonme Representation in Mazatec Orthography by Ron Trail, abstracted from Gudschinsky, Sarah. 1959. Toneme Representation in Mazatec Orthography, Word, 15.446-52. Totonac Verb Inflection by Kenneth D. Smith, abstracted from Aschmann, Herman, and Wonderly, William L. 1952. Affixes and Implicit Categories in Totonac Verb Inflections, IJAL 18.130-45. Have as a Function Word by Jean Haggar, abstracted from Fries, Charles C. 1948. Have as a Function Word, Language Learning, 1.3,4-8. Bella Coola Phonology by Margie Griffin, abstracted from Newman, Stanley, 1947. Bella Coola I: Phonology, IJAL 13.129-34. Old High German Umlaut by Elwood Jacobson, abstracted from Twaddell, W. Freeman. 1938. A Note on Old High German Umlaut, Monatshefte für deutschen Unterricht, 30:177-81. Reprinted in Readings in Linguistics, edited by Martin Joos, 1958. Washington: American Council of Learned Societies, 85-87. The Phonemic Principle by Nancy Freiberger, abstracted from Swadesh, Morris, 1934. The Phonemic Principle, Language 10.117-29. Reprinted in Readings in Linguistics, edited by Martin Joos. 1958. Washington: American Council of Learned Societies, 1957, 32-37. Meaning and Dictionary Making by Nancy Freiberger, abstracted from Nida, Eugene A. 1958. Analysis of Meaning and Dictionary Making, IJAL 24.279-92. Mazateco Whistle Speech by Nancy Freiberger, abstracted from Cowan, George M. 1948. Mazateco Whistle Speech, Language 24.280-86. Voiceless Vowels in Comanche by Bob Beadle, abstracted from Canonge, Elliot D. 1957. Voiceless Vowels in Comanche, IJAL, 23.63-67. Noun Possession in Villa Alta Zapotec by Gwen Young, abstracted from Mary Leal and Otis Leal, 1954. Noun Possession in Villa Alta Zapotec, IJAL 20.215-216. Sound Patterns by Richard Bergman, abstracted from Sapir, Edward. 1925. Sound Patterns in Language. Language, 1.37-51

Functional Analysis of the Polyketide Synthase Genes in the Filamentous Fungus Gibberella zeae (Anamorph Fusarium graminearum)

Polyketides are a class of secondary metabolites that exhibit a vast diversity of form and function. In fungi, these compounds are produced by large, multidomain enzymes classified as type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). In this study we identified and functionally disrupted 15 PKS genes from the genome of the filamentous fungus Gibberella zeae. Five of these genes are responsible for producing the mycotoxins zearalenone, aurofusarin, and fusarin C and the black perithecial pigment. A comprehensive expression analysis of the 15 genes revealed diverse expression patterns during grain colonization, plant colonization, sexual development, and mycelial growth. Expression of one of the PKS genes was not detected under any of 18 conditions tested. This is the first study to genetically characterize a complete set of PKS genes from a single organism