Comentario de la traducción de fragmentos del libro:The Endocryne System At a A Glance

Treball Fi de Màster en Traducció Medicosanitària. Codi: SBA031. Curs acadèmic 2013-201

Sleep apnea and mandibular advancement device : revision of the literature

Sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a disorder characterized by intermittent and repetitive obstruction of the upper airway provoking pharyngeal collapse. It is characterized clinically by a triad of daytime hypersomnia, snoring and pauses in breathing during sleep that are normally reported by the partner. Polysomnography is the chosen method for diagnosing this pathology. Patients with this disorder tend to have the following dental and orofacial signs: a retrognathic jaw, a narrow palate, a wide neck, deviation of the nasal septum and relative macroglossia, among others. Dentists should be ready to evaluate the risk-benefit of certain dental treatment options for this public health problem. The treatment of this problem will depend on its severity, with one of the options being the Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD) that is used especially in the treatment of slight or moderate SAHS and in the treatment of snoring, with results that are occasionally very successful. The objective of this study is to carry out an up-to-date literature review of SAHS and to evaluate the role of the dentist when faced with this pathology

Relación entre cultura carcelaria e institución total en un grupo de internos en establecimiento masculino

Trabajo de InvestigaciónLa presente investigación utiliza la Teoría fundamentada como metodología cualitativa con un diseño narrativo tópico, con el objetivo de comprender la cultura carcelaria en un grupo de internos del pabellón de salud mental de la cárcel La Modelo de Bogotá. Para este fin se utilizaron herramientas metodológicas tales como las autobiografías, diarios de campo, notas teóricas y entrevistas tanto a funcionarios como internos, cuyos resultados fueron analizados a través del software Atlas.ti, obteniendo como resultado principal la corroboración de la relación entre cultura carcelaria y el concepto de institución total. El principal alcance de este trabajo se presenta como la ampliación de un campo poco explorado como es la cultura carcelaria.176 p.1. Agradecimientos 2. Dedicatoria 3. Lista de apéndices 4. Resumen 5. Introducción 6. Justificación 7. Pregunta de investigación 8. Objetivos 9. Marco teórico 10. Categorías 11. Método 12. Aspectos éticos 13. Resultados 14. Teoría fundamentada 15. Discusión 16. Apéndices 17. BibliografíaPregradoPsicólog

Student perceptions on portfolio as an assessment tool for clinical practical learning

Introducción/objetivo: la evaluación de las prácticas clínicas en enfermería es una parte fundamental en la medida que retroalimenta a los profesores y a los estudiantes sobre la eficacia del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y sobre la adquisición de competencias. Una de las posibles estrategias que se están utilizando para la misma es el portafolio. Su uso como metodología de evaluación se considera la alternativa ideal, ya que permite una valoración continua del conocimiento, habilidades y actitudes de los estudiantes, reflejando la evolución de su aprendizaje. El objetivo es conocer la percepción de los estudiantes acerca de las ventajas e inconvenientes de la utilización del portafolio de prácticas como instrumento de evaluación de las mismas. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo cualitativo, la recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo a través de los portafolios y los cuestionarios de los estudiantes de enfermería de 4º curso de la Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería Cruz Roja (España), que realizaron prácticas durante curso 2103-2014. Resultados: los estudiantes consideran al portafolio como un método de evaluación que permite conocer no solo lo que han aprendido, sino también cómo se ha producido el aprendizaje, para emitir una valoración ajustada a la realidad. Discusión: dichos resultados concuerdan con los obtenidos en muchas universidades donde es considerado una opción válida frente a los métodos tradicionales, para una evaluación sumativa y formativa. Conclusiones: los estudiantes perciben que el portafolio es un buen instrumento de evaluación para las prácticas, aunque continúa teniendo algunas limitaciones como el tiempo y el esfuerzo empleado en su elaboración.Introduction: evaluation of clinical practical learning in nursing is a very important item because of the feedback to teachers and students on the efficacy of the learning process and on competence acquisition. Portfolio is one of the alternative strategies being used for such an assessment. Its use as an assessment method is seen as ideal because it allows a continued evaluation of knowledge, skills, and attitudes of students, and reflects their learning process. Purpose: to assess students' perception on advantages and disadvantages of practical lessons portfolio use as an evaluation tool. Material and methods: a qualitative descriptive study was performed. Data collection was based on portfolios and questionnaires completed by 4th year nursing students in Red Cross School of Nursing participating in practical learning over the academic year 2103-2014. Results: students consider portfolio to be an assessment method allowing them to know what they have learnt as well as how the learning process has occurred, in order to make an assessment based on real facts. Discussion: such findings are consistent with those found in many universities, where this is a valid option as an alternative to traditional methods, for a summative and educational assessment. Conclusions: according to students perceptions, portfolio is a useful assessment tool for practical learning, but some limitations persist regarding time and efforts needed to use it

Circular economy in companies from the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula: survey under the Circular Labs POCTEP Project

Circular Economy (CE) is a strategic concept based on a deep change in contemporary societies, moving from a linear economy to a circular model. The CircularLabs POCTEP* project aims at promoting the integration of the CE in business models and includes the participation of 11 partners from the three Regions of: the North of Portugal, Galicia and Castilla y León, both in Spain. This project Among its initial actions, this project launched an online survey for companies located in this Iberian Northwest Regions. A total of 294 companies answered this survey. On this sample, SMEs from services and industry were the most represented groups. The survey focused on multiple aspects, including the recognition of CE concepts, the integration of CE strategies, reasons for CE implementation, main obstacles and barriers, among others. Results show a dispersion in the interpretation of the CE concept, as it is mostly recognised as part of a strategical vision or policy in these companies. Moreover, CE is mostly considered for its environmental benefits. The most relevant difficulties found in EC implementation related to the lack of information and advice and insufficient financial support. The fact that only a fraction of the companies had implemented environmental management systems, may be seen as a reason for the lack of internal structure for CE technical support. This research will outline some of the necessary steps towards CE implementation in these North-western Iberian Regions.This study was part of the Trans-National Project CircularLabs. The authors would like to thank the Spain-Portugal Transnational Program (POCTEP), with the Financial Support from the European Union under Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund). This Program is not responsible for the opinions expressed by the authors. Some of the authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aplicación de tecnologías web emergentes para el estudio del impacto de repositorios OpenCourseWare españoles y latinoamericanos en la Educación Superior

Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEpu

All about (nk cell-mediated) death in two acts and an unexpected encore: initiation, execution and activation of adaptive immunity

NK cells are key mediators of immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward infected and transformed cells, being one of the main executors of cell death in the immune system. NK cells recognize target cells through an array of inhibitory and activating receptors for endogenous or exogenous pathogen-derived ligands, which together with adhesion molecules form a structure known as immunological synapse that regulates NK cell effector functions. The main and best characterized mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity are the granule exocytosis pathway (perforin/granzymes) and the expression of death ligands. These pathways are recognized as activators of different cell death programmes on the target cells leading to their destruction. However, most studies analyzing these pathways have used pure recombinant or native proteins instead of intact NK cells and, thus, extrapolation of the results to NK cell-mediated cell death might be difficult. Specially, since the activation of granule exocytosis and/or death ligands during NK cell-mediated elimination of target cells might be influenced by the stimulus received from target cells and other microenvironment components, which might affect the cell death pathways activated on target cells. Here we will review and discuss the available experimental evidence on how NK cells kill target cells, with a special focus on the different cell death modalities that have been found to be activated during NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity; including apoptosis and more inflammatory pathways like necroptosis and pyroptosis. In light of this new evidence, we will develop the new concept of cell death induced by NK cells as a new regulatory mechanism linking innate immune response with the activation of tumour adaptive T cell responses, which might be the initiating stimulus that trigger the cancer-immunity cycle. The use of the different cell death pathways and the modulation of the tumour cell molecular machinery regulating them might affect not only tumour cell elimination by NK cells but, in addition, the generation of T cell responses against the tumour that would contribute to efficient tumour elimination and generate cancer immune memory preventing potential recurrences

Dietary Debaryomyces hansenii promotes skin and skin mucus defensive capacities in a marine fish model

The present study explores the effects of two supplementation levels of Debaryomyces hansenii (1.1% and 2.2%) as a probiotic in a reference low fish meal-based diet on the skin mucosal tissue in Sparus aurata. This study includes the evaluation of fish performance coupled with a holistic study of the skin mucosa: i) a transcriptomic study of the skin tissue, and ii) the evaluation of its secreted mucus both in terms of skin mucosal-associated biomarkers and its defensive capacity by means of co-culture analysis with two pathogenic bacteria. Results showed that after 70 days of diet administration, fish fed the diet supplemented with D. hansenii at 1.1% presented increased somatic growth and a better feed conversion ratio, compared to fish fed the control diet. In contrast, fish fed the diet including 2.2% of the probiotic presented intermediate values. Regarding gene regulation, the probiotic administration at 1.1% resulted in 712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 53.4% and 46.6% were up- and down-regulated, respectively. In particular, D. hansenii modulated some skin biological processes related to immunity and metabolism. Specifically, D. hansenii administration induced a strong modulation of some immune biological-related processes (61 DEGs), mainly involved in B- and T-cell regulatory pathways. Furthermore, dietary D. hansenii promoted the skin barrier function by the upregulation of anchoring junction genes (23 DEGs), which reinforces the physical defense against potential skin damage. In contrast, the skin showed modulated genes related to extracellular exosome and membrane organization (50 DEGs). This modulated functioning is of great interest, particularly in relation to the increased skin mucus defensive capacity observed in the bacterial co-culture in vitro trials, which could be related to the increased modulation and exudation of the innate immune components from the skin cells into the mucus. In summary, the modulation of innate immune parameters coupled with increased skin barrier function and cell trafficking potentiates the skin's physical barrier and mucus defensive capacity, while maintaining the skin mucosa's homeostatic immune and metabolic status. These findings confirmed the advantages of D. hansenii supplementation in low fish meal-based diets, demonstrating the probiotic benefits on cultured marine species

A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations for the management of pain, sedation, delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in pediatric intensive care

IntroductionThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and recommendations for managing pain, sedation, delirium, and iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in pediatric intensive care (PICU). The objectives included evaluating the quality of recommendations, synthesizing recommendations, harmonizing the strength of the recommendation (SoR) and the certainty of evidence (CoE), and assessing the relevance of supporting evidence.MethodsA comprehensive search in four electronic databases (Medline, Embase.com, CINAHL and JBI EBP Database), 9 guideline repositories, and 13 professional societies was conducted to identify CPGs published from January 2010 to the end of May 2023 in any language. The quality of CPGs and recommendations was assessed using the AGREE II and AGREE-REX instruments. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize recommendations, and the GRADE SoR and CoE harmonization method was used to interpret the credibility of summary recommendations.ResultsA total of 18 CPGs and 170 recommendations were identified. Most CPGs were of medium-quality, and three were classified as high. A total of 30 summary recommendations were synthesized across each condition, focused on common management approaches. There was inconsistency in the SoRs and CoE for summary recommendations, those for assessment showed the highest consistency, the remaining were conditional, inconsistent, inconclusive, and lacked support from evidence.ConclusionThis systematic review provides an overview of the quality of CPGs for these four conditions in the PICU. While three CPGs achieved high-quality ratings, the overall findings reveal gaps in the evidence base of recommendations, patient and family involvement, and resources for implementation. The findings highlight the need for more rigorous and evidence-based approaches in the development and reporting of CPGs to enhance their trustworthiness. Further research is necessary to enhance the quality of recommendations for this setting. The results of this review can provide a valuable foundation for future CPG development.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=274364, PROSPERO (CRD42021274364)