Responsabilidad social y cultura en las sociedades cooperativas agrarias. Modelo general de balance social

Companies should not carry out their business activities without considering the social and environmental impact of these activities on society, particularly when their objective is to ensure their long-term development and stability. Their commitment to these factors is evident from the values and principles of cooperative organizations and their concern for the needs and expectations of the people and society around them, which can represent an important source of competitive advantages. In this sense, one of the main tools that can be used in the management of this area is Social Balance, which draws attention to the situation and circumstances of each company to which it is applied. The main objective of this article is to provide a general model of Social Balance that may be applied to all agricultural cooperative societies.Social Responsibility, Social Balance, Cooperative societies, Agricultural activity.

Destination image, satisfaction and destination and loyalty in cruise tourism: the case of Málaga (Spain)

Over the past decades cruise tourism is a sector that has experienced a tremendous growth around the globe. The relations that are established between the different agents that interact in this industry, passengers, crew and residents are crucial for visitor satisfaction and the success of the tourist destination. The study has analyzed the different types of cruise passengers who landed at the port of Malaga and their perception of the city through destination image, satisfaction and destination loyalty. A cluster analysis identified the existence of four different groups of passengers whose opinions can give a specific answer to the consolidation of Malaga as a quality tourist destination. From a practical point of view, recommendations about the adequate management of the destination´s attractions for the cruise industry are discussed in the conclusions.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Medición del capital humano en la educación pública no universitaria de Andalucía

El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en la obtención de un cuadro de indicadores que permita medir el intangible Capital Humano, como componente fundamental del Capital Intelectual del órgano encargado de la educación pública no universitaria en Andalucía. Los indicadores obtenidos proporcionan información cuantificada y cualificada de los activos intangibles considerados como componentes del Capital Humano. La información obtenida va dirigida tanto a los gestores de la educación, como a terceros, y permite identificar dónde reside el verdadero valor de este Capital Humano. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de corte transversal o de prevalencia sobre una población finita representada por unos 97.600 individuos, de los cuales más del noventa por ciento poseen estudios universitarios, repartidos geográficamente en las ocho provincias que forman la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía y que prestan sus servicios en aproximadamente 4.000 centros y dependencias administrativas públicas. Los resultados obtenidos nos han proporcionado información valorada sobre los tres elementos o grupos homogéneos de activos intangibles que hemos estimado qué conforman el Capital Humano (Valores y actitudes, Aptitudes y Capacidades), y los valores relativos a las 13 variables o activos intangibles que el modelo propuesto de Capital Intelectual considera como integrantes de esos tres elementos.The current investigation focuses on obtaining a scoreboard to measure the intangible Human Capital, as an essential component of the Intellectual Capital of the body responsible for public non-university education in Andalusia. The indicators provide information obtained quantified and qualified for intangible assets considered as components of Human Capital. The information obtained is addressed to both managers of education, as to others, and identifies where lies the true value of this Human Capital. It has carried out a cross-sectional study of prevalence or on a finite population represented by some 97,600 individuals, of whom more than ninety percent have college education, spread geographically in the eight provinces that make up the autonomous community of Andalusia and who serve approximately 4,000 public schools and administrative units. The results have provided us with information on the three items valued or homogeneous groups of intangible assets that make up what we have estimated the Human Capital (values and attitudes, skills and abilities), and values relating to the 13 variables or intangible assets that the model Intellectual Capital considers proposed as members of these three elements

Financiación de la innovación en las PYME en el marco de la Unión Europea

El papel esencial de la investigación fue reconocido por el Consejo Europeo de Lisboa de 23 y 24 de marzo de 2000, que estableció un nuevo objetivo estratégico para la Unión Europea en la próxima década: convertirse en la economía basada en el conocimiento más competitiva y dinámica del mundo, capaz de crecer económicamente de manera sostenible, con más y mejores empleos y con mayor cohesión social. El triángulo del conocimiento -educación, investigación e innovación- es un instrumento básico para lograr este objetivo, a tal efecto la Comunidad se propone movilizar y reforzar las capacidades de investigación e innovación necesarias. Con este objetivo, establecido en el Tratado, se pretende reforzar las bases científicas y tecnológicas de su industria, asegurando de este modo un alto nivel de competitividad a nivel internacional. Se pretende fomentar todas las actividades de investigación que se consideren necesarias, especialmente estimulando a las empresas, incluidas las pequeñas y medianas (PYME), a los centros de investigación y a las universidades en su labor de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico. En este contexto, se dará prioridad a los ámbitos y proyectos en los que la financiación y la cooperación europeas sean especialmente importantes y aporten un valor añadido. En este artículo analizamos como la I+D+i en colaboración internacional es una vía para acceder, desarrollar y explotar el conocimiento excelente en beneficio de las empresas, en particular de las PYME. Se expone el principal instrumento de financiación de proyectos de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico y Demostración de la UE para el período 2.007-2.013, el denominado Séptimo Programa Marco de Investigación Desarrollo Tecnológico y Demostración, indagando como los fondos europeos para I+D y sus mecanismos de financiación son una fuente de financiación indirecta para las PYME. En este sentido, el Séptimo Programa Marco constituye un elemento central como complemento de los esfuerzos de los Estados miembros y de la industria europea, gracias a su apoyo a la investigación en las fronteras del conocimiento, la investigación aplicada y la innovación, la Comunidad pretende con él, desarrollar las sinergias de la investigación europea y establecer así unas bases más sólidas para el Espacio Europeo de la Investigación.The essential paper of the investigation was recognized by the European Council of Lisbon of 23 and 24 of March of 2000, that established a new strategic target of the European Union for the next decade: to become the economy based on the most competitive and dynamic knowledge del world, able to grow economically of sustainable way, with more and better uses and greater social cohesion. The triangle knowledge - education, investigation and innovation are a basic instrument to obtain this objective, whose effect the Community sets out to mobilize and to reinforce the capacities of necessary investigation and innovation. The Community has paid attention the objective, established to the Treaty, to reinforce the scientific and technological bases of its industry, assuring this way a high level of competitiveness at international level. To such aim, it tries to foment all the activities of investigation that are considered necessary, specially stimulating to the companies, including small and the medium ones (SMEs), to the research centers and the universities in its work of investigation and technological development. In this context, one will occur to priority to the scopes and projects in which the European financing and the cooperation are specially important and contribute an added value. In this article we analyzed as the I+D+i in international collaboration is a route to accede, to develop and to operate the excellent knowledge in benefit of the companies, in individual of the SMEs. By another part, the main instrument of financing of projects of Investigation, Technological Development is exposed and Demonstration of the UE for period 2.007-2.013, investigating as the European bottoms for I+D and their mechanisms of financing are a source of financing for the SMEs. In this aspect the Seventh Framework Programme constitutes a central element as complement of the efforts of the States members and the European industry, thanks to its support to the investigation in the borders del knowledge, the applied investigation and the innovation, the Community tries with him, to develop sinergias of the European investigation and to establish therefore more solid bases for the European Space of the Investigatio

Understanding the impact of internal marketing practices on both employees ' and managers ' organizational commitment in elderly care homes

– The purpose of this paper is to unfold the relationship between the antecedents of employee and manager commitment, using internal marketing (IM) practices, in elderly care homes. Design/methodology/approach – Based on survey data drawn from elderly care homes in Finland, the authors tested several literature driven hypotheses of how IM practices (internal value exchange, internal communication and training) relate with employee and manager commitment. Hence, the authors compare the organizational commitment of two groups. Additionally, the authors tested the moderating role of public residence on these relationships. Findings – The study revealed that there are differences in the antecedents to employee and manager commitment in terms of internal value exchange. This is an important extension to the literature of employee and management commitment in which the antecedents to management commitment, especially, are under-investigated, and where the relationship between the antecedents of the two types of commitment are not studied. Practical implications – While different emphases on IM programs for employees and managers must be implemented in order to re-create work environments that could lead to improved service provision, the authors suggest that facilitating open and honest communication and exchanging values in care homes is a crucial step for improving service quality and employee and manager retention. Originality/value – This study has high value to both the literature and practice as high-service quality can be provided when both employee’s and manager’s commitments are in place, and without understanding the differing antecedents and their relationships, it is hard to establish both types of commitment in an organization. The authors believe that this new insight is useful in improving the service quality and employee and manager retention of organizations

Diseño para una Empresa Familiar de un Sistema Acuapónico con Energía Solar en el Chad

This article describes the design of a single-family aquaponic system powered by solar energy. This technique called “aquaponics” is an activity that blends aquaculture (farming aquatic species) and hydroponics (growing plants in a water-based environment) into one integrated system. A description is given of the elements in the aquaponic circuit, which is sized to scale for a family business, in addition to the budget required for its implementation in Chad. The use of renewable energy offers the possibility of implementing sustainable farming in underdeveloped countries. The objective of this system is to maximize the production of fish and vegetables, taking into account their limitations (20 kg of fish can be produced for every 1,000 liters of water while 8 liters of water are necessary to grow each plant). The fish farmed in this case will be tilapia, as it is technically feasible and has a flavor that is acceptable to the inhabitants of Chad. The cultivated plants include all types of fruits and vegetables, as well as aromatic plants.Este artículo describe el diseño de un sistema acuapónico unifamiliar alimentado con energía solar. Esta técnica llamada “acuaponía”, es una actividad en la que convergen la acuicultura (cría de especies acuáticas) y la hidroponía (cultivo de plantas sobre el agua) en un mismo sistema integrado. Se hace una descripción de los elementos del circuito acuapónico, un dimensionamiento a nivel de empresa familiar así como el presupuesto que permita su implementación en el Chad. Al incluir el uso de energías renovables, nos da la posibilidad de implementar el cultivo sostenible en países subdesarrollados. El objetivo de esta instalación es maximizar la producción de pescados y vegetales, teniendo en cuenta sus limitaciones (se pueden producir 20 kg de peces por cada 1000 litros de agua y son necesarios 8 litros por planta cultivada). El pescado que se criará será la tilapia, ya que técnicamente es factible y su sabor es aceptado por los habitantes del Chad. En cuando al cultivo de plantas, serán todo tipo de frutas y verduras, así como plantas aromáticas

Erakundeen administrazioa. Oinarriak eta aplikazioak

Enpresaren garapenerako garrantzi handia hartzen ari den jardueretako bat da erakundeen administrazioa. Druckerren esanetan, herrialdeak ez dira garatuak edo azpigaratuak, administratuak edo azpiadministratuak baizik, eta administrazioa, ondorioz, nahitaez ezagutu beharreko jakintza-gai bihurtu da jende askorentzat. Administratzea da erakunde bat bere helburuetara efizientziaz bideratzea, direla helburuak kulturalak, olgetari, hezkuntzari, osasunari loturikoak, filantropikoak edo, enpresaren kasuan bezala, ekonomikoak. Horretarako, plangintza-, antolaketa-, zuzendaritza- eta kontrol-funtzioak burutu behar dira, eta kanpo-ingurune dinamiko batean eta barne-ingurune batean burutu ere, eta, barne-inguruneari dagokionez, funtsezkoa da lantaldeko kideen arteko harremanak kalitatezkoak izatea administrazio-lana ondo egiteko. Obra honetan gaurko administrazioa osatzen duten kontzeptuak azaltzen dira, ahalik eta argien eta zentzu praktiko handiz, alderdi sozial, humano eta etikoei arreta berezia eskainiz.Alfredo A. Aguirre Sádaba Enpresa-antolakuntzako katedradun da eta eskolak ematen ditu Malagako Unibertsitateko Industria Ingeniaritzako Goi Eskolan, Telekomunikazioko Ingeniarien Goi Eskolan eta Ekonomia eta Enpresa Zientzien Fakultatean. Liburu, artikulu eta ponentzia ugari ditu idatziak.Ana María Castillo Clavero doktore da Ekonomia eta Enpresa Zientzietan eta UE-ko katedradun Malagako Unibertsitateko Ekonomia eta Enpresa-administrazioaren Sailari atxikiriko Enpresa-antolakuntzaren arloan. Enpresaren Ekonomia, Erakunde-garapena eta Administrazioaren Teoria Orokorra irakasten ditu unibertsitate horretan. Gainera, hainbat liburu eta argitalpen idatzi ditu antolakuntza eta zuzendaritzaz eta giza baliabideen kudeaketaz.Dolores Tous Zamora doktore da Ekonomia eta Enpresa Zientzietan eta UE-ko katedradun Malagako Unibertsitateko Ekonomia eta Enpresa-administrazioaren Sailari atxikiriko Enpresa-antolakuntzaren arloan. Ekoizpenaren Zuzendaritza eta Eragiketak, Nekazaritza-enpresaren Ekonomia eta Giza Baliabideen Zuzendaritza irakasten ditu unibertsitate horretan. Gainera, hainbat liburu eta argitalpen idatzi ditu antolakuntza eta zuzendaritzaz eta giza baliabideen kudeaketaz

La ética como generadora de confianza y crecimiento en tiempos de crisis en las PYME del sector TIC de Madrid

Spanish SMEs production systems have been mostly based on rigid management models that have a little relationship with employee´s moral values, because the feeling that these aspects had no influence or direct contribution into productivity results. In crisis times, not only in the economical aspect but also in terms of moral weakness values, such as the one that Spain is living, it is demanded by Groups of Interest (society, customers, workforce…) substantial changes in the way that companies operate, giving special attention to ethic and morality in terms of decision making. A good performance in business activity basing its decisions on strong moral principles, is not only compatible, but also through this ethical-productivity binomial could be generated a trust atmosphere that becomes an invaluable asset for the company. The application of a proper business culture that prioritizes ethical and moral behavior of their workforce, can help to the achievement of significant economic results, specially in the business network made up by SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) in the Information Technologies and Communication Technologies sector (ICT) of strategic value for a economic country development. Los sistemas empresariales de las PYME españolas mayoritariamente se han basado en rígidos modelos productivos que poco o nada han tenido en cuenta parcelas relacionadas con la Ética o los valores morales de sus trabajadores, ya que se consideraba que éstos no tenían una influencia ni aporte directo a la mejora ni crecimiento de la productividad empresarial. En momentos de crisis, no solo económica sino de valores como el que se vive en España, cada vez más se van demandando por parte de los grupos de interés (sociedad, trabajadores, accionistas, clientes, proveedores…) cambios sustanciales en el modo de operar de las empresas, otorgando mayor valor a la ética y moral a la hora de la toma de decisiones. El desempeño de una buena actividad económica que base sus decisiones en sólidos principios morales, no sólo es compatible, sino que a través de este binomio ética-productividad se puede generar un ambiente de confianza que se convierte en un activo de incalculable valor para la empresa. La aplicación de una Cultura empresarial apropiada que priorice los comportamientos Éticos y morales de sus trabajadores, podría ayudar a lograr mejoras significativas en los resultados económicos, especialmente en lo concerniente al tejido empresarial constituido por PYME del sector de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), de importancia estratégica para el desarrollo económico de un país.  ABSTRACT Spanish SMEs production systems have been mostly based on rigid management models that have a little relationship with employee´s moral values, because the feeling that these aspects had no influence or direct contribution into productivity results. In crisis times, not only in the economical aspect but also in terms of moral weakness values, such as the one that Spain is living, it is demanded by Groups of Interest (society, customers, workforce…) substantial changes in the way that companies operate, giving special attention to ethic and morality in terms of decision making. A good performance in business activity basing its decisions on strong moral principles, is not only compatible, but also through this ethical-productivity binomial could be generated a trust atmosphere that becomes an invaluable asset for the company. The application of a proper business culture that prioritizes ethical and moral behavior of their workforce, can help to the achievement of significant economic results, specially in the business network made up by SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) in the Information Technologies and Communication Technologies sector (ICT) of strategic value for a economic country development.&nbsp