354 research outputs found
QCD thermodynamics with continuum extrapolated Wilson fermions II
We continue our investigation of 2+1 flavor QCD thermodynamics using
dynamical Wilson fermions in the fixed scale approach. Two additional pion
masses, approximately 440 MeV and 285 MeV, are added to our previous work at
545 MeV. The simulations were performed at 3 or 4 lattice spacings at each pion
mass. The renormalized chiral condensate, strange quark number susceptibility
and Polyakov loop is obtained as a function of the temperature and we observe a
decrease in the light chiral pseudo-critical temperature as the pion mass is
lowered while the pseudo-critical temperature associated with the strange quark
number susceptibility or the Polyakov loop is only mildly sensitive to the pion
mass. These findings are in agreement with previous continuum results obtained
in the staggered formulation.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, published versio
Charmonium spectral functions from 2+1 flavour lattice QCD
Finite temperature charmonium spectral functions in the pseudoscalar and
vector channels are studied in lattice QCD with 2+1 flavours of dynamical
Wilson quarks, on fine isotropic lattices (with a lattice spacing of 0.057 fm),
with a non-physical pion mass of 545 MeV. The highest
temperature studied is approximately . Up to this temperature no
significant variation of the spectral function is seen in the pseudoscalar
channel. The vector channel shows some temperature dependence, which seems to
be consistent with a temperature dependent low frequency peak related to heavy
quark transport, plus a temperature independent term at \omega>0. These results
are in accord with previous calculations using the quenched approximation.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
Lower myocardial perfusion in borderzones in the area at risk than out of the area at risk in acute myocardial infarction
QCD thermodynamics with Wilson fermions
QCD is investigated at finite temperature using Wilson fermions in the fixed
scale approach. A 2+1 flavor stout and clover improved action is used at four
lattice spacings allowing for control over discretization errors. The light
quark masses in this first study are fixed to heavier than physical values. The
renormalized chiral condensate, quark number susceptibility and the Polyakov
loop is measured and the results are compared with the staggered formulation in
the fixed N_t approach. The Wilson results at the finest lattice spacing agree
with the staggered results at the highest N_t.Comment: 7 pages, Talk presented at the XXIX International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2011), July 10-16, 2011, Squaw Valley, Lake
Tahoe, California, US
Simplifying and generalising Murphy's Brier score decomposition
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordForecast and observation data were downloaded through the ECOMS user data gateway R‐interface (Santander Meteorology Group, 2015). Data and analyses (R‐code) can be requested from [email protected] decomposition of the Brier score into Reliability, Resolution and Uncertainty has become a standard method in forecast verification. In this note a very simple derivation of the familiar Brier score decomposition is presented. The Reliability and Resolution terms can be calculated as average Brier score differences between the issued forecast, the recalibrated forecast and the climatological reference forecast. The result suggests a simple way to calculate similar decompositions for arbitrary verification scores, and that recalibration methods and reference forecasts can be chosen more flexibly than is generally appreciated. A new decomposition of the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) is proposed.Funding from the European Union Programme FP7/2007‐13 under grant agreement 3038378 (SPECS) is gratefully acknowledged
Improved genome editing in human cell lines using the CRISPR method
The Cas9/CRISPR system has become a popular choice for genome editing. In this system, binding of a single guide (sg) RNA to a cognate genomic sequence enables the Cas9 nuclease to induce a double-strand break at that locus. This break is next repaired by an error-prone mechanism, leading to mutation and gene disruption. In this study we describe a range of refinements of the method, including stable cell lines expressing Cas9, and a PCR based protocol for the generation of the sgRNA. We also describe a simple methodology that allows both elimination of Cas9 from cells after gene disruption and re-introduction of the disrupted gene. This advance enables easy assessment of the off target effects associated with gene disruption, as well as phenotype-based structure-function analysis. In our study, we used the Fan1 DNA repair gene as control in these experiments. Cas9/CRISPR-mediated Fan1 disruption occurred at frequencies of around 29%, and resulted in the anticipated spectrum of genotoxin hypersensitivity, which was rescued by re-introduction of Fan1
Optically addressable spin defects coupled to bound states in the continuum metasurfaces
Van der Waals (vdW) materials, including hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), are
layered crystalline solids with appealing properties for investigating
light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. hBN has emerged as a versatile
building block for nanophotonic structures, and the recent identification of
native optically addressable spin defects has opened up exciting possibilities
in quantum technologies. However, these defects exhibit relatively low quantum
efficiencies and a broad emission spectrum, limiting potential applications.
Optical metasurfaces present a novel approach to boost light emission
efficiency, offering remarkable control over light-matter coupling at the
sub-wavelength regime. Here, we propose and realise a monolithic scalable
integration between intrinsic spin defects in hBN metasurfaces and high quality
(Q) factor resonances leveraging quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs).
Coupling between spin defect ensembles and qBIC resonances delivers a 25-fold
increase in photoluminescence intensity, accompanied by spectral narrowing to
below 4 nm linewidth facilitated by Q factors exceeding . Our findings
demonstrate a new class of spin based metasurfaces and pave the way towards
vdW-based nanophotonic devices with enhanced efficiency and sensitivity for
quantum applications in imaging, sensing, and light emission.Comment: 13 pages, 4 Figures + 4 Supplementary Figure
Agri-food business: Global challenges â Innovative solutions
The rise of a western-style middle class in many successful emerging economies like China currently is inducing deep structural changes on agricultural world markets and within the global agri-food business. As a result of both higher incomes and concerns over product safety and quality the global demand for high-quality and safe food products is increasing significantly. In order to meet the new required quality, globally minimum quality standards are rising and private standards emerging. All over the world these developments cause adjustments at the enterprise, chain and market levels. At the same time, the tremendously increasing demand for renewable energy has led to the emergence of a highly promising market for biomass production. This has far-reaching consequences for resource allocation in the agri-food business, for the environment, for the poor in developing countries and for agricultural policy reforms. The challenges increase with ongoing liberalisation, globalisation and standardisation, all of which change trade patterns for agricultural and food commodities, and influence production costs and commodity prices. The objective of the IAMO Forum is to show opportunities as well as risks for all participants of the food economy in the ongoing globalisation process: for small peasants in developing countries, farmers in Europe and globally active food enterprises and retailers. The success of enterprises depends on the ability to find innovative solutions with regard to the organisation of enterprises, chains, and markets, as well as future policy design. Concerning bio-energy strategies has to be identified to combat global warming most efficiently and concurrently attenuate the competition between "tank and table" on farmland. IAMO Forum 2008, as well as this book, would not have been possible without the engagement of many people and institutions. We thank the authors of the papers, as well as the referees. Furthermore we are highly indebted to MARLIES LOHR, NADINE GIEMSA and RONNY RECKE who in an outstanding way contributed to the organisation of the Forum. This is true as well for the IAMO administration, whose work we gratefully acknowledge. Many sponsors has funded the IAMO Forum 2008. We are very grateful to the German Research Foundation (DFG), The Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Production in Germany, The Ministry of Cultural Affairs of the Federal State Saxony-Anhalt, Germany and last but not least the City of Halle. Further Conference sponsors are the BIONADE Corporation, Gaensefurther Mineral Water, The Wine Growers Association of the Region Saale-Unstrut, Germany, Obsthof am SüÃen See GmbH, Monsanto Company, KWS Saat AG, Sachsen-Anhalt-Tours, Baumkuchen Salzwedel and the Hallesches Brauhaus.Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Industrial Organization, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development, Marketing, Political Economy,
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