Subgross Morphology, the Sick Lobe Hypothesis, and the Success of Breast Conservation

Breast carcinoma has a complex subgross morphology in the majority of cases. The malignant transformation usually involves a single breast lobe and may demonstrate peripheral, segmental, or lobar growth patterns in the in situ phase. During the invasive phase, the tumor may grow beyond the borders of the affected lobe. The dimensions of the involved lobe and the pattern of its involvement determine the extent of the disease in the early phase, with the size, type, and position of the invasive foci being additional determinants in more advanced cases. Breast carcinomas of limited extent (occupying a tissue area <40 mm) are proper candidates for breast-conserving surgery. In other cases, careful individual preoperative assessment of disease extent is necessary in making decisions about the most appropriate surgical approach, taking into account the position of the lesion(s) within the breast, the dimensions of the breast, and patient preference

Migration for Cooperation: Mobility of Highly Skilled Yugoslav Labor in Algeria

Recent studies on labor migration from socialist Yugoslavia have almost exclusively focused on East–West movements and their economic aspects. This paper aims to fill some of this gap in the literature by examining the migration of highly skilled Yugoslav labor to a country in the Global South, namely Algeria. As opposed to previous work that has focused on Yugoslav workers accompanying engineering investment projects in the Global South, this paper examines those who were directly employed by the receiving country. The case of Algeria as a host country deserves attention because Algeria was one of Yugoslavia’s primary partners with whom it cultivated a close political relationship. Drawing on records from the Croatian State Archives, the article will examine Yugoslav technical cooperation experts who were employed by the Algerian government between the early 1960s and the end of the 1980s. The paper will argue that, in pursuit of its political and economic interests in the Global South, the Yugoslav state encouraged and promoted the mobility of highly skilled experts in Algeria to foster cooperation

Behavior of honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Apis mellifera, poznatija pod imenom medonosna pčela ili pčela medarica, vjerojatno je jedan od najistraživanijih kukaca na svijetu. Ova nas pretpostavka i ne bi trebala toliko začuditi, s obzirom da je njezin suživot sa čovjekom poznat još od davnina. Osim što proizvode med, vosak i propolis, skupljajući pelud i nektar s cvjetova, pčele direktno ili indirektno kao polinatori sudjeluju u životnom ciklusu biljaka i s druge strane čovjeka, koji ubire njihove plodove. Pčele su zadružni kukci koji pokazuju izrazito visok stupanj socijalizacije, organizacije, reda, rada i discipline. Njihovo ponašanje predstavlja izniman primjer kompleksnosti, počevši od anatomske i morfološke građe tijela kojom su se prilagodile okolišu, kako bi mogle obavljati sve životne funkcije potrebne za opstanak. Mehanizmi pomoću kojih se orijentiraju, navigiraju i uz pomoć kojih izmjenjuju informacije, izgrađuju gnijezdo i razmnožavaju se, koliko god da su istraženi, još uvijek su nam teško razumljivi. Medonosna pčela kukac je koji pokazuje kombinaciju individualnih vrijednosti i socijalne suradnje, neusporedivim s bilo kojim drugim organizmima životinjskoga svijeta.Apis mellifera, better known as honey bee, is one of the most familiar insects in the world. This member of the insect order Hymenoptera plays a key role in the human and natural world. Honeybees are social insects. In the wild, they create elaborate nests called hives, containing up to 20,000 individuals during the summer months. They work together in a highly structured social order. Each bee belongs to one of three specialized groups called castes. The different castes are: queens, drones and workers. There is only one queen in a hive and her main purpose in life is to make more bees. On the other side, drones main function is to be ready to fertilize a receptive queen while the workers conduct jobs such as feeding larvae, tending brood, collecting pollen and nectar, producing honey and wax, comb building, patroling, guarding etc. Honey bees are known to communicate through many different chemicals and odours, as is common among insects, but also using specific behaviours that convey information about the quality and type of resources in the environment, and where these resources are located. The social nature of this organism, its tremendous ability to regulate its functions as a colony of individualas according to events within and outside the nest, provides the key to its success and makes the contribution of individuals much greater than the sum of their individual behaviors. Therfore, it's not surprising that many authors and honey bee lovers call them, the queen of all insects

LATE PAYMENT DIRECTIVE: RECENT AND PENDING CASES AT THE COURT OF JUSTICE

interpretation of the provisions of the Directive 2011/7/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 on combating late payment in commercial transactions. So far the Court of Justice had issued only one judgment in which it had interpreted the provisions of the Directive 2011/7/EU, the judgment in the case Federconsorzi in which the referring court was concerned with the issues of the scope of application of Directive 2011/7/EU rationae materiae and rationae temporis. There are three more pending cases at the Court of Justice in which the referring courts asked for interpretation of the various provisions of Directive 2011/7/EU. This article reviews the judgment of the Court of Justice in Federconsorzi, and also discusses and offers answers to the questions raised by the referring courts in the still pending cases

LATE PAYMENT DIRECTIVE: RECENT AND PENDING CASES AT THE COURT OF JUSTICE

interpretation of the provisions of the Directive 2011/7/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 on combating late payment in commercial transactions. So far the Court of Justice had issued only one judgment in which it had interpreted the provisions of the Directive 2011/7/EU, the judgment in the case Federconsorzi in which the referring court was concerned with the issues of the scope of application of Directive 2011/7/EU rationae materiae and rationae temporis. There are three more pending cases at the Court of Justice in which the referring courts asked for interpretation of the various provisions of Directive 2011/7/EU. This article reviews the judgment of the Court of Justice in Federconsorzi, and also discusses and offers answers to the questions raised by the referring courts in the still pending cases

Nationalism in the contemporary political landscape in Serbia (2017-2021)

The subject of this thesis is a discourse analysis of select opinion pieces by the regular contributors writing for four Serbian online media outlets (Večernje novosti, Politika, Danas, and Nova) in the period between 2017 and 2021, for the purpose of identifying the nature, prevalence, and positioning of Serbian nationalist ideology between the two major political blocs in the contemporary political landscape in Serbia. The aforementioned outlets were chosen to represent the two sides of the political divide (pro-government and pro-opposition) and two different styles of political communication (neutral and tabloid), while the chosen time period reflects the decline of Serbia from a full democracy to a hybrid regime, as assessed in the Freedom House Report (2020), limiting the scope of the analysis to a political system which conforms to the theoretical model of competitive authoritarianism, with all of its implications on the media sphere. After scanning the four outlets for texts featuring themes relevant to Serbian nationalism, a hundred and twenty five (125) were included in the analysis and categorized according to the prevalent discourse(s) featured within, as defined in the methodological section. These were then related to the theoretical models of banal and virulent nationalism, the distinction between nationalism and populism (demagoguery), as well as to the “First” and “Other” Serbia discursive frame. The results of the analysis show that Serbian nationalist discourse is featured much more prominently in the writings of pro-government media actors, but that banal nationalism is ubiquitous across the political divide.O tema da presente tese é uma análise do discurso de artigos de opinião selecionados pelos colaboradores regulares que escrevem para quatro meios de comunicação online sérvios (Večernje novosti, Politika, Danas e Nova) no período entre 2017 e 2021, com o objetivo de identificar a natureza, prevalência e posicionamento da ideologia nacionalista sérvia entre os dois principais blocos políticos no cenário político contemporâneo da Sérvia. Os meios de comunicação acima mencionados foram escolhidos para representar os dois lados da divisão política (pró-governo e pró-oposição) e dois estilos diferentes de comunicação política (neutro e tablóide), enquanto o período de tempo escolhido reflete o declínio da Sérvia de uma democracia a um regime híbrido, conforme apurado no Freedom House Report (2020), limitando o âmbito da análise a um sistema político conformado ao modelo teórico do autoritarismo competitivo, com todas as suas implicações na esfera mediática. Depois de explorar os textos dos quatro meios, com temas relevantes para o nacionalismo sérvio, cento e vinte e cinque textos (125) foram incluídos na análise e categorizados de acordo com o(s) discurso(s) predominante(s) apresentado(s), conforme definido na seção metodológica. Estes foram então relacionados com os modelos teóricos de nacionalismo banal e virulento, a distinção entre nacionalismo e populismo (demagogia), assim como com o quadro discursivo “Primeira” e “Outra” Sérvia. Os resultados da análise mostram que o discurso nacionalista sérvio conhece maior destaque nos textos dos autores dos mídia pró-governamentais, mas que o nacionalismo banal é omnipresente em todo o espetro político

THE RISK OF RE-CHARACTERIZATION OF TITLE TRANSFER FINANCIAL COLLATERAL ARRANGEMENTS

In the European financial markets, the most common types of collateralised transactions are classic repos, sell/buy-backs and securities loans. In them all, financial collateral is provided under the title transfer method: in order to grant the collateral taker with a general right of disposal of collateral, the full legal title to financial collateral is transferred to the collateral taker. The title transfer financial collateral arrangements had prevailed in the European financial markets before the adoption of the Financial Collateral Directive (‘FCD’), and they remained dominant after its transposition into the laws of EU Member States. One of the aims of the FCD is to eliminate the so-called recharacterisation of such arrangements as security interests. The FCD is not quite clear on whether its provisions on title transfer financial collateral arrangements are concerned only with the full outright transfers of title or should they also be applied to fiduciary transfers of title. As the fiduciary transfer of title is in substance a form of a security interest, it should not be covered under the notion of title transfer financial collateral arrangement. The ambiguity of the notion of title transfer financial collateral arrangement has spilled over into laws of a couple of Members States, as for instance in the Croatian law. This paper argues that Croatian law extends the scope for possible recharacterisation of title transfer financial collateral arrangements, instead of eliminating the risk of recharacterisation of such arrangements as arrangements creating a security interest in the collateral

Beobachtung und Selbstevaluation der beruflichen Entwicklung und Tätigkeiten der Lehrer im Unterricht

The aim was to examine the opinion on the professional development and the quality of a teacher\u27s professional activities as well as the influence of self-evaluation on the teaching quality and the professional competence of a teacher. The survey covered a sample of 600 class and subject teachers and also head teachers and expert co-operators (school leadership) of primary schools in Primorsko-goranska, Ličko-senjska and Istarska County. The results showed that the majority of the teachers think that the evaluation of teachers\u27 professional effectiveness on the basis of the quality of their teaching and students\u27 achievements was done only partially, that up to that point the advancement and the professional development of teachers was done non-systematically, partially and occasionally on the basis of a teacher\u27s professional activities and also that the quality of a teacher\u27s professional work was only somewhat recognised in their schools. When compared to class and subject teachers, the school management agrees to a greater extent with the statements that the quality of a teacher\u27s ability to plan and conduct self-evaluation is a significant part of their competence, which they need in order to regularly monitor and evaluate the quality of their work, another important matter is that students and the school management regularly monitor and evaluate the quality of teacher\u27s professional activities. Furthermore, teacher\u27s self-evaluation significantly adds up to monitoring and improvement of professional competence and also teaching quality.Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati mišljenja o profesionalnom razvoju i kvaliteti učiteljeva profesionalnog djelovanja te utjecaju samovrednovanja na kvalitetu nastave i profesionalnu kompetentnost učitelja. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 600 učitelja razredne i predmetne nastave te ravnatelja i stručnih suradnika (vodstva škole) osnovnih škola Primorsko-goranske, Istarske i Ličko-senjske županije. Rezultati su pokazali da većina učitelja smatra da se prosuđivanje profesionalne uspješnosti učitelja na temelju kvalitete nastave i učeničkih postignuća vršilo tek djelomično, da su se do sada napredovanje i profesionalni razvoj učitelja nesustavno, djelomično i povremeno temeljili na kvaliteti učiteljeva profesionalnog djelovanja te da se kvaliteta profesionalnog rada učitelja u njihovoj školi priznaje tek donekle. Vodstvo škole je iskazalo veće slaganje, u odnosu na učitelje razredne i predmetne nastave, u tvrdnjama da je osposobljenost za planiranje i provođenje samovrednovanja bitna sastavnica učiteljske kompetentnosti, da bi učitelji trebali stalno pratiti i procjenjivati kvalitetu vlastitog rada, da je važno da učenici i vodstvo škole stalno prate i procjenjuju kvalitetu nastave te da samovrednovanje učitelja bitno pridonosi praćenju i unapređivanju kvalitete nastave.Das Ziel diese Studie war die Erforschung der Meinungen über die berufliche Entwicklung und die Qualität der beruflichen Lehrerleistung, sowie des Einflusses der Selbstevaluation auf die Unterrichtsqualität und die berufliche Kompetenz der Lehrer. Die Studie wurde an einer Stichprobe von 600 Grundschul- und Fachlehrern, Schulleiter und fachliche Mitarbeiter (Schulleitung) der Grundschulen in den Gespanschaften Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Istrien und Lika-Senj durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Mehrheit der Lehrer der Meinung sind, dass die Bewertung der Berufsleistungen von Lehrern auf der Grundlage der Unterrichtsqualität und den Schülerleistungen nur teilweise ausgeführt wird, dass bisher die Förderung und berufliche Entwicklung von Lehrern unsystematisch, teilweise und bisweilen auf der Qualität der beruflichen Leistungen der Lehrer basierte und dass die Qualität der professionellen Arbeit der Lehrer in ihrer Schule nur geringfügig anerkannt wird. Im Verhältnis zu den Grundschul- und Fachlehrern zeigte die Schulleitung mehr Übereinstimmung bei den Behauptungen, dass die Befähigung zur Planung und Durchführung der Selbstevaluation eine wesentliche Komponente der Lehrerkompetenz ist, dass die Lehrer die Qualität ihrer eigenen Arbeit konstant beobachten und bewerten sollten, dass die Schüler und die Schulleitung die Unterrichtsqualität ständig beobachten und bewerten sollten und dass die Lehrerselbstevaluation wesentlich zur Beobachtung und Verbesserung der Unterrichtsqualität beiträgt

E-Learning in LIS Education : Satisfaction of Part-Time LIS Students with Omega

The application of e-learning in Croatian universities has increased rapidly,with the introduction of the Bologna process to create the European Higher Education Area. The application of digital media for teaching and learning makes distance education for LIS professionals at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, possible. E-learning and traditional classroom learning have been combined to deliver library and information science(LIS) education. The aim of our research was to obtain a general overview of the part–time LIS students' expectations and experiences using Omega, a specific learning management system