Cómo se vive la vivienda mínima en tiempos de COVID-19: Apuntes para su diseño y construcción

A partir de la pandemia mundial por el virus Sars Cov 2 y su enfermedad la COVID-19, se ha manifestado la urgente tarea de revisar las políticas que convergen en cuestiones de salud y se convierten en salud pública. El diseño urbano arquitectónico y la construcción de las ciudades se han puesto en la mesa de discusión con temas como la capacidad para ser vividas a partir de los nuevos requerimientos de salud. El caso de los nuevos conjuntos de vivienda mínima reviste especial importancia. Ciertamente existen estudios que intentan visibilizar las condiciones de la vivienda mínima y su conjunto urbano igualmente mínimo, y todos ellos apuntan a diferentes problemáticas que hoy vale la pena estudiar a la luz de las condiciones de vida y habitabilidad que ofrecen para hacer frente a la pandemia mundial. El objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar las condiciones de vida y habitabilidad de la vivienda mínima, en un contraste entre las condiciones originales de diseño y construcción y las adecuaciones de sus habitantes, a lo que se suman los cambios por tiempos de pandemia. Es un problema que se origina en la vivienda y que trasciende al espacio urbano, por ello, es prioritario que se procure sean sanos y salubres en sus diferentes escalas, desde la vivienda y hasta el conjunto urbano y la ciudad. lo que devela una nueva realidad a atender de origen.From the global pandemic due to the Sars Cov 2 virus and its disease COVID-19, the urgent task of reviewing the policies that converge on the health issues and are found in public health has emerged. The architectural urban design and the construction of cities have been put on the table for discussion with topics such as the ability to be lived based on the new health requirements. The case of the new minimum housing complexes is of particular importance. Certainly there are studies that try to make visible the conditions of the minimum housing and its equally minimal urban complex, and all of them point to different problems that today it is worth studying the light of the living conditions and habitability they offer to face of the global pandemic. The objective of this work is to characterize the living conditions and habitability of the minimum dwelling, in a contrast between the original design and construction conditions and the adaptations of its inhabitants, to which the changes due to times of pandemic are added. It is a problem that originates in housing and that transcends the urban space, therefore it is a priority to ensure that they are healthy and sanitary in their different scales, form the house to the urban complex and the city, which reveals a new reality to attend to from origin

Physicochemical evaluation of personal care products Ddeveloped with Chondrus crispus fractions processed by ecofriendly methodologies

Novel personal care products are necessary to cope with the growing market demand for sustainable green products. In this context, this work deals with the formulation and fundamental physicochemical and rheological characterization of different natural personal care products using bioactive fractions from Chondrus crispus red macroalgae extracted under optimized green conditions. Body milks, body oils and shampoos were supplemented with soluble extracts with antioxidant features recovered after hydrothermal (200 °C) and microwave (170 °C)- and ultrasound (80 °C)-assisted extraction of the red macroalgae used as raw material. Formulated products were also compared with those prepared using (±)-α-tocopherol and butylhydroxytoluene standards. Body scrubs were formulated with the remaining solids (<2.25 %) after microwave hydrodiffusion and gravidity treatment of the macroalgae. Results indicated that selected extracts provided personal care products with similar or even better physicochemical, color and viscous features than those supplemented with (±)-α-tocopherol or butylhydroxytoluene commercial antioxidants. Rheological profiles indicated that it is possible to develop personal care products with adequate viscous behavior (102–105 mPa s, at 1 s−1), comparable with their synthetic counterparts. To conclude, the addition of antioxidant extracts led to lower apparent viscosity values suggesting an advantage from the skin applicability point of view, jointly with the absence of both the hysteresis phenomenon and water syneresis of the proposed formulations.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2020/01Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RTI2018-096376-B-I00Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RYC2018-024454-

Eco-sustainable Synthesis of N-containing Heterocyclic Systems Using Porous Carbon Catalysts

From the most classic carbon materials (CMs) to the advanced ones, all of them integrate a promising catalyst set in terms of sustainability and energy efficiency for a greener future. Different synthetic strategies concerning to the catalytic synthesis of relevant N-containing heterocycles are herein described to address the great potential of the referred catalysts flying over what has been done and all that remains to be done. Current trends in this field involve structure-activity relationships establishment also considering the reaction mechanisms understanding and the identification of active catalytic sites, as function of both experimental datasets, emphasizing on operando characterization techniques, and theoretical studies which will significantly contribute to the design of custom-made catalysts as a new horizon.ERDF A way of making EuropeUFV2023-38 from Universidad Francisco de Vitoria de MadridMICIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro” for the Ramon y Cajal research contractSpanish Projects ref. PID2021-126579OB-C31 and PID2021-126579OB-C32 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103

UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA SOBRE BUENAS PRÁCTICAS DOCENTES EN AULAS VIRTUALES

Some professors use virtual classrooms as simple repositories of materials, limiting the quality of training in those spaces. This situation has raised the preoccupation of the authors of this paper. Consequently, they proposed as an objective to identify good teaching practices at virtual classrooms, which can guide professors for an effective mediation in those environments. To achieve the objective, they chose to carry out a systematic literature review on the subject, selecting scientific documents that show evidence of successful actions by professors on virtual platforms. Among the main results, it is highlighted that most of the effective teaching practices in virtual classrooms focus on pedagogical aspects such as: the promotion of communication, collaborative learning, continuous student feedback, personalized tutoring, multi-sensory learning experiences, and varied, authentic, contextualized activities, within others. Some difficulties were also identified in its implementation, fundamentally around the insufficient training of professors to effectively carry out tutorial function in virtual teaching and learning environment.El uso que hacen algunos docentes de las aulas virtuales como meros repositorios de materiales, limitando la calidad de la formación en esos espacios, ha suscitado la preocupación de los autores de este artículo. Por tanto, se propusieron como objetivo identificar buenas prácticas docentes en aulas virtuales, que puedan orientar al profesorado para una mediación efectiva en esos entornos. Para alcanzarlo optaron por realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el tema, seleccionando documentos científicos que muestran evidencias de acciones exitosas de los docentes en plataformas virtuales. Dentro de los principales resultados se destaca que la mayoría de las prácticas docentes efectivas en aulas virtuales se centran en aspectos pedagógicos tales como: el fomento de la comunicación, el aprendizaje colaborativo, la retroalimentación continua de los estudiantes, la tutoría personalizada, experiencias de aprendizaje multisensoriales, actividades variadas, auténticas, contextualizadas, dentro de otras. También se identificaron algunas dificultades en su implementación, fundamentalmente en torno a la insuficiente formación de los docentes para ejercer de forma efectiva su función tutorial en los entornos virtuales de enseñanza y aprendizaje

A green-to-near-infrared photoswitch based on a blended subporphyrazine-dithienylethene system

A subporphyrazine (SubPz)-dithienylethene (DTE) photochromic device with 1o and 1c states, was developed and characterized. In this device, the DTE unit can reversibly switch the SubPz absorbance from green to near-infrared [λmax (o/c) = 527 nm/740 nm], as well as the SubPz fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields. The core of this design involves using a highly tunable SubPz chromophore that shares its quasi-isolated ethene moiety with a DTE photoswitchPID2020-116490GB-I00, TED2021-131255B-C43, Comunidad de Madrid MAD2D-CM, SEV2016-068

Pathogenesis and clinicohistopathological caractheristics of melanoacanthoma: a systematic review

Introduction: The melanoacanthoma is a rare benign pigmented tumor, characterized by a fast radial growth and clinical behavior similar to melanoma. Color changes in oral mucosa and dermis are consequence of increased melanocyte activity as response to an irritant factor. There is a vast phenotypic variety. It is difficult to distinguish between a benign pigmented lesion and a melanoma at its early stage. Due to its clinical relevance is crucial to diagnose possible malignancy of the lesions. Objectives: The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review of all published articles, as well as update and evaluate etiologic factors and clinicopathological features. Material and Methods: We carried out a search in the Medline database (PubMed) using the key words “oral melanoacanthoma” AND “oral melanoacanthosis” AND “oral melanoepithelioma”. Inclusion criteria were all published articles since its discovery. Demographic data, histological features and immunohistochemical findings were extracted from the full articles. Results: A total of 56 articles were analysed. 114 injuries drawn from these articles were studied, a total of 115 injuries with our contribution case. The 74.78% of authors claim a reactive pathogenesis. The average age of lesión appearance is 34.79 years, with an age range of 5-87 years. There is a predominance of the female sex in solitary phenotype 3: 2 and a ratio of women to men 5: 3 if it is multifocal phenotype. Bilateral phenotype is slight higher in women of 2: 1. Conclusions: Histopathological analysis of the lesión is vital to diagnose malignancy. Therefore, any heterogeneous, pigmented lesion with irregular edges, raised surface, fast growth and abrupt appearance should be biopsied. More emphasis on the potential irritants should also be put to improve the quality of life of our patients and to reduce morbidity of melanoacanthoma, as well as, several similar clinical behavior disease

Highly efficient carbon catalysts for the green synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines: Experimental and theoretical study

A family of sustainable carbon catalysts with different chemical surface, active and selective for the synthesis of benzodiazepine 1 (BDZ), from o-phenylendiamine (OPD) 2 and acetone 3, under mild conditions, is reported. Catalysts were prepared by acids treatments with H2SO4 or H3PO4 of an activated carbon doped with ZnO at 3% wt (N3Zn) and, subsequently, submitted to additional thermal treatment in air. Simultaneously to the ZnO leaching, surface C-SO3 groups were generated by treatment of N3Zn with H2SO4 (N3Zn-S) whereas treatment with H3PO4 led to C-PO3 functions (N3Zn-P sample). The thermal treatment partially removes the C-SO3 groups (N3Zn-S-C sample) while C-PO3 functions were partially oxidized to C-OPO3 groups (N3Zn-P-C). Our results suggest that these chemical surface modifications of the catalysts are key on catalytic performance, pointed out the importance of the nature and distribution of acid sites at the surface. Remarkably, investigated carbon catalysts (N3Zn-S samples) were more active than the NS catalyst obtained by direct treatment of AC with H2SO4, this last mainly functionalized with C-OSO3 groups. Although the catalysts resulting of the H3PO4 treatment showed both a similar activity, some differences on selectivity to BDZ 1 were observed, attributed to certain specificity of P-functions at the surface depending on the acid strength of active sites and the reaction conditions. These results were supported by DFT calculations.Universidad Francisco de Vitoria de Madrid (Project Ref. FV2023-38)Projects ref. PID2021-126579OB-C31 and PID2021-126579OB-C32 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”MICIN/AEI/10.13039 /501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro” for the Ramon y Cajal research contrac

Prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy in management protocols of patients treated with oral and intravenous bisphosphonates

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) linked to bisphosphonate treatment has specific characteristics that render its therapeutic management challenging for clinicians. Poor response to standard treatment makes it essential to take special precautions when treating this type of disease; therefore, antibiotic prophylaxis and/or antibiotic therapy have been proposed as effective and helpful tools in these situations. This article seeks to assess published evidence in order to evaluate the different protocols used for antibiotic prophylaxis and/or antibiotic therapy in the general context of patients treated with bisphosphonates. A literature review of the last 10 years was carried out in PubMed using the following keywords: “antibiotic prophylaxis and osteonecrosis,” “bisphosphonates AND osteonecrosis AND dental management,” “bisphosphonate AND osteonecrosis AND antibiotic prophylaxis AND oral surgery.” A total of 188 articles were obtained, of which 18 were ultimately selected. In patients treated with oral and intravenous bisphosphonates without chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw, antibiotic prophylaxis prior to oral surgery is an important tool to avoid osteonecrosis and promote healing of the affected area. If the patient previously exhibited chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis after tooth extraction, antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated to prevent recurrent osteonecrosis and promote healing of the extraction site. If chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis is already present, antibiotic therapy is a vital part of conservative management to reduce the symptomatology of MRONJ and keep it from worsening. Finally, a lack of clinical data and randomized controlled trials makes it difficult to choose the most appropriate protocol for the various clinical situations studied

Mapping Functional Connectivity in the Rodent Brain Using Electric-Stimulation fMRI.

Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-science/policies/book-policiesSince its discovery in the early 90s, BOLD signal-based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has become a fundamental technique for the study of brain activity in basic and clinical research. Functional MRI signals provide an indirect but robust and quantitative readout of brain activity through the tight coupling between cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation, the so-called neurovascular coupling. Combined with experimental techniques only available in animal models, such as intracerebral micro- stimulation, optogenetics or pharmacogenetics, provides a powerful framework to investigate the impact of specific circuit manipulations on overall brain dynamics. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive protocol to measure brain activity using fMRI with intracerebral electric micro-stimulation in murine models. Preclinical research (especially in rodents) opens the door to very sophisticated and informative experiments, but at the same time imposes important constrains (i.e., anesthetics, translatability), some of which will be addressed here.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER funds under grants BFU2015-64380-C2-1-R (S.C.) and BFU2015-64380-C2-2-R (D.M.) and EU Horizon 2020 Program 668863-SyBil-AA grant (S.C.). S.C. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish State Research Agency, through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (ref. SEV- 2013-0317)

In vitro and in vivo anti-Candida activity of citral in combination with fluconazole

[EN] Background The ability of Candida to develop biofilms on inert surfaces or living tissues favors recalcitrant and chronic candidiasis associated, in many instances, with resistance to current antifungal therapy. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of citral, a phytocompound present in lemongrass essential oil, in monotherapy and combined with fluconazole against azole-resistant Candida planktonic cells and biofilms. The effect of citral combined with fluconazole was also analysed with regard to the expression of fluconazole resistance-associated genes in Candida albicans and the effectiveness of the combination therapy in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of candidiasis. Results Citral reduced biofilm formation at initial stages and the metabolic activity of the mature biofilm. The combination of citral with fluconazole was synergistic, with a significant increase in the survival of C. elegans infected with Candida. RNA analysis revealed a reduction of the expression of the efflux pump encoded by MDR1, leading to a greater effect of fluconazole. Conclusion Citral in monotherapy and in combination with fluconazole could represent an interesting therapy to treat recalcitrant Candida infections associated to biofilms.This research was supported by Gobierno Vasco-Eusko Jaurlaritza [Eusko Jaurlaritza GIC15/78 IT-990-16] and by Fundacion ONCE "Oportunidad al Talento" and Fondo Social Europeo CM-A [C.M.-A.]; Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espan [PID2020-117983RB-I00]