Health risk due to pesticide exposure in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crop in Oaxaca, Mexico

Pesticides increase agricultural productivity worldwide. Unfortunately, these pesticides put public health and the environment at risk. This study aimed to document the presence of pests and diseases in tomato crops, the range of pesticides used, and acute pesticide poisoning symptoms (APP) among producers from various municipalities in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Surveys were applied from 2019 to 2021. The information was examined through a descriptive analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rho correlation established differences between groups and associations. The main pests were the white fly, various worms, blight, mildew, and weeds. Fifty-five active ingredients (AI) were identified, predominantly Toxicological Category (TC) IV, such as insecticides and fungicides, as well as TC III herbicides. Factors associated with a greater diversity of AI were <10 years in agricultural activity, high presence of pests and diseases, and surfaces >1 ha. Up to six APP symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers, and 58.2% of the AI identified are considered hazardous pesticides. Highlights: Fifty-five active ingredients were identified in tomato crops, predominantly insecticides and fungicides. More than fifty percent of the active ingredients identified are considered hazardous pesticides. Up to six acute pesticide poisoning symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers.Pesticides increase agricultural productivity worldwide. Unfortunately, these pesticides put public health and the environment at risk. This study aimed to document the presence of pests and diseases in tomato crops, the range of pesticides used, and acute pesticide poisoning symptoms (APP) among producers from various municipalities in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Surveys were applied from 2019 to 2021. The information was examined through a descriptive analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rho correlation established differences between groups and associations. The main pests were the white fly, various worms, blight, mildew, and weeds. Fifty-five active ingredients (AI) were identified, predominantly Toxicological Category (TC) IV, such as insecticides and fungicides, as well as TC III herbicides. Factors associated with a greater diversity of AI were <10 years in agricultural activity, high presence of pests and diseases, and surfaces >1 ha. Up to six APP symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers, and 58.2% of the AI identified are considered hazardous pesticides. Highlights: Fifty-five active ingredients were identified in tomato crops, predominantly insecticides and fungicides. More than fifty percent of the active ingredients identified are considered hazardous pesticides. Up to six acute pesticide poisoning symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers

Aplicación de la nanotecnología en la prevención, detección y tratamiento de patologías orales. Revisión bibliográfica.

59 p.INTRODUCCIÓN: La nanotecnología es la ciencia que trabaja a escala nanométrica (1 a 100 nm). A esta escala, la materia adopta otras características. Las nanopartículas ofrecen una amplia gama de aplicaciones y el área de la salud, no es la excepción. Aquí pueden ser empleadas aquellas de carbón, metálicas, quantum dots (QDs) y dendrímeros, entre otras. OBJETIVO: Determinar el uso de la nanotecnología en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de patologías orales, mediante estudios descriptivos, basado en la búsqueda de la literatura. METODOLOGÍA: Búsqueda realizada en Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Scopus, ISI Web os Sciences y Scielo. Período agosto 2014. Utilizando términos Mesh "Mouth Diseases", “Oral Pathology”, "Nanotechnology“, "Nanoparticles“, “Prevention”, "Diagnosis“ y "Therapeutics“ en distintas combinaciones. Incluyéndo artículos desde el 2000, en idioma español e inglés, de tipo experimental en animales, ensayos clínicos, estudios observacionales como de cohorte, de caso y control, transversal en humanos y revisiones de literatura publicados entre 2000 y Junio del 2014. RESULTADOS: La búsqueda y filtros, arrojó 7 papers. Aquí, se describen mecanismos para prevenir, diagnosticar y tratar patologías orales. Se emplean nanopartículas de plata, oro, cobre, zinc, silicio, titanio, QDs y nanoburbujas de ozono (NBW3). Las patologías en que se aplican son: caries, infecciones, hipersensibilidad dental, carcinoma escamocelular oral, enfermedad periodontal y síndrome de Sjögren. CONCLUSIÓN: La nanotecnología en patología oral se puede aplicar para la prevención, diagnóstico y/o tratamiento. Se ha utilizado en diversas patologías orales. El potencial de esta ciencia es amplio, por tanto, queda mucho que explorar y aplicar, en esta nueva área. PALABRAS CLAVES: "Mouth Diseases",Oral Pathology “”,Nanotechnology“,Nanoparticles“, “Prevention”, "Diagnosis“ y "Therapeutics

Miositis osificante progresiva: ultraestructura, bioquímica e histoquímica de músculo macroscópicamente sano

Se estudió un caso de miositis osificante progresiva en una niña de 13 años, a la cual se le tomó una muestra de músculo gastronecmio lateral, aparentemente no afectado, en el curso de una intervención quirúrgica ortopédica. La muestra se procesó mediante métodos histológicos, histoquímicos, bioquímicos, inmunocitoquímicos y ultraestructurales. Se encontró un predominio de fibras musculares tipo I (83%) con alta capacidad oxidativa y baja capacidad glicolítica. Las fibras del tipo II eran pequeñas (área promedio 2.084 Um2 ) y mostraron otros signos de atrofia al examen ultraestructural. La densidad capilar fue relativamente alta, (573) siendo normal el índice capilar/fibra (1,76). Sin embargo, algunos capilares se mostraron engrosados y con la luz ocluida, con la tinción de amilasa-PAS, lo cual fue corroborado con la microscopía electrónica, donde se vio la membrana basal engrosada, e inclusive algunos capilares totalmente degenerados. No se encontró reacción de inmunofluorescencia con las globulinas anti-IgG ni anti-IgM en los cortes de músculo. El espacio intersticial se encontró agrandado. Se concluye que no hay evidencias de la participación de un mecanismo autoinmune en la miositis osificante progresiva, que existe un daño capilar y alteración de las fibras musculares, aún en el músculo que no manifiesta a simple vista proceso de osificación.During an orthopedic operation a sample of the apparently normal lateral gastronecmius muscle was taken from a 13 year old female patient affected by myositis ossificans progressiva. The muscle sample was analyzed by light, electron and fluorescence microscopy, and some enzymes were assayed. Muscle fibers were classified by the adenosintriphosphatase reaction. The percentage of type I fiber was high (83%). Atrophy was found in type II fibers as shown by small mean area (2.084 Um2 ) and some ultrastructural features as infoldings of the sarcolemma. Capillary density was high (573 capillaries/mm2 ), and capillaries per fiber index was normal (1.76), as were oxidative enzymes. However many capillaries were occluded, with thick basal membrane and abnormal endothelial cells and pericytes. No immunofluorescence was found with anti IgG or anti IgM in the muscle fibers. Intersticial spaces in the cross section of the muscle were enlarged. In conclusion, no evidence of autoimmune involvement was found in myositis ossificans progressiva, but alteracions of capillaries and muscle fibers were found in a muscle apparently not affected yet by the ossification process

Pregnancy Success in Bitches - Evaluation of Interactions between Artificial Insemination Method, Serum Progesterone Concentration and Vaginal Cytology Parameters

Background: The artificial insemination has become a well-established method in the breeding of bitches, and evaluation of the factors that may potentially affect pregnancy success is essential. For this reason, it is essential to evaluate the factors that may affect fertility of the bitch when artificial insemination is performed. Serum progesterone concentrations and vaginal cytology have been used to determine the time of ovulation and stage of the estrus cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the artificial insemination method, the serum progesterone concentration, the breed size, age, the whelping number, vaginal cytology parameters, and their interactions on pregnancy success in bitches. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 607 bitches that had undergone reproductive consultation with the Mexican Canine Federation from January to December 2016 were enrolled in the present study and assigned to one of 2 artificial insemination methods (intravaginal and transcervical) using fresh semen. Determination of the estrus cycle phase and the time of Artificial insemination was based on vaginal cytology and serum progesterone concentrations. Bitches inseminated by the transcervical technique had a higher pregnancy rate with respect to females inseminated by the intravaginal technique (P < 0.05). Moreover, females with a serum progesterone concentration of 5-10 ng/mL had a greater probability (> 4 times) of getting pregnant than animals with lower or higher progesterone concentrations (P < 0.05). Bitches inseminated by the intravaginal technique and with serum progesterone concentrations >10 ng/mL had a considerable reduction in pregnancy (P < 0.05) compared with females with < 10 ng/mL serum progesterone or with bitches inseminated by the transcervical technique. Discusion: Serum progesterone concentration, the artificial insemination method, and superficial cells without a nucleus modified the pregnancy rate in bitches. Females inseminated by transcervical semen deposition had a higher pregnancy rate than females inseminated by the intravaginal technique. Using fresh or frozen-thawed semen produced a higher pregnancy rate in bitches inseminated by transcervical semen deposition than females inseminated by the intravaginal technique. Differences in the pregnancy rate between transcervical and intravaginal insemination could be associated with the correct semen disposition, the distance that the sperm must travel to reach the oocyte, as well as the number of sperm that reach the oviduct ampulla. Exist evidences that after ovulation, as progesterone rises, the cervix is closed, which may compromise the passage of the sperm deposited into the vagina. Therefore, it is likely that in females with a serum progesterone concentration > 10 ng/mL, the cervix was closed, compromising the ability of the sperm to access the oviduct. Thus, the use of intravaginal insemination should be done in bitches with a serum progesterone concentrations < 11 ng/mL to reduce the possibility of cervical closure and to increase the odds of pregnancy. It is well documented that the serum progesterone concentration and vaginal cytology parameters have a great influence on pregnancy success, and the results confirm these findings. In the present study, 96% of the bitches inseminated with a serum progesterone concentration of 5-10 ng/mL got pregnant and had higher odds of pregnancy than bitches with lower or higher serum progesterone concentrations. Keywords: female dogs, reproductive performance, pregnancy rate, fertility, intravaginal, transcervical, fresh, semen

Diseño de un modelo administrativo virtual, para la evaluación del desempeño al talento humano, la incidencia de los resultados laborales en la oficina de planificación del área metropolitana de San Salvador, ubicada en la ciudad de San Salvador.

La Oficina de Planificación del Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (OPAMSS), es un ente autónomo, de carácter municipal encargada de la planificación y el control del desarrollo urbano y de asesorar al Consejo de Alcaldes del Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (COAMSS). Para el presente trabajo se identificó la necesidad de desarrollar el estudio en la Institución ya que uno de los miembros del equipo forma parte de los colaboradores de la misma, por lo que procedió a tener el acercamiento directamente con la jefatura de la Unidad de Talento Humano, para solicitar la autorización de llevar a cabo la investigación. En la actualidad una de las problemáticas latentes dentro de la institución, es con relación a la Evaluación del Desempeño, ya que no se cuenta con una Herramienta adecuada para desarrollar de manera óptima las evaluaciones a sus empleados debido a que ellos hoy en día están utilizando un instrumento desfasado. Razón por la cual como equipo de trabajo se decidió desarrollar el proyecto y ayudar a solventar esta problemática, proporcionando un Modelo Administrativo Virtual que permita definir los procesos relacionados a la Administración del Talento Humano, considerando que hoy en día el uso de la tecnología nos ayuda incorporar todos estos aspectos a procesos de evaluación que continuamente son más detallados y complejos en un mundo globalizado y cada vez más cambiante. Por lo cual el objetivo general es el Diseño de un modelo administrativo virtual, para la evaluación del desempeño al talento humano, la incidencia de los resultados laborales en la Oficina de Planificación del Área Metropolitana de San Salvador, ubicada en la ciudad de San Salvador. Para llevar a cabo la investigación fue necesario el uso del método científico, debido a que éste garantizó la objetividad de la investigación. También se utilizaron los métodos auxiliares tales como el de análisis y síntesis; se recurrió al tipo de investigación descriptiva, así mismo, El enfoque de la investigación fue no experimental, ya que no se hizo manipulación de variables de control sobre los elementos involucrados. Además, se utilizaron las fuentes de información primaria tales como guía de entrevista realizada a la jefatura del talento humano y cuestionario dirigido al personal técnico y administrativo; con el uso de estos instrumentos fue posible hacer un diagnóstico certero que permitió definir la situación actual en cuanto a la administración y evaluación del talento humano. Así mismo se hizo uso las fuentes de información secundaria tales como libros, documentos digitales proporcionados por la Institución, leyes, códigos, reglamentos, acuerdos, e internet y toda aquella literatura que contribuya al desarrollo del estudio. En esta investigación el objeto de estudio estuvo compuesto por una población de 101 empleados con una muestra de cincuenta y cuatro colaboradores del área administrativa y técnica. Finalmente, después de tabular, analizar e interpretar la información obtenida se establecieron conclusiones y recomendaciones dentro de las principales están: A través de la recopilación de la información, se pudo constatar que la institución no cuenta con una herramienta administrativa adecuada; que permita evaluar el desempeño de los empleados de forma óptima, que brinde resultados certeros y de forma inmediata y que a la vez contribuya al ahorro de recursos. Implementar el modelo administrativo virtual para la evaluación del desempeño propuesto. Aplicándolo como un proceso continuo que contribuya a mejorar el rendimiento de sus colaboradores a mediano y largo plazo

Diseño para la producción

La temática de este apartado "Diseño para la producción'', parte de la reflexión sobre la categoría estética conferida al diseño en la actualidad la cual se explica o se justifica solamente si este medio artificial creado por el hombre, es el resultado de una auténtica evolución material, que ha implicado para su realización la aplicación de cualidades que hasta hoy en día son consideradas netamente humanas, como ya se mencionó, además del pensamiento creativo y constructivo bajo una intencionalidad predeterminada, como una manifestación o expresión de nuestra sociedad, de nuestra civilización por lo que se deben de incluir sus finalidades, y se le debe dar un sentido todo esto desde una perspectiva holística

Morphostructural variability in the Pastoreña goat in different regions of the Mixteca of Mexico: A phenotypic study to establish the racial profile

In the present study, we evaluated the morphostructural variability of the Pastoreña goat (PG) in Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico. This study was carried out to evaluate five qualitative ranges and thirteen morphometric characteristics of 249 animals (185 females and 64 males) from 2 to 5 years old. Descriptive statistics analysis was performed on the qualitative (QV) morphometric (MV) variables, and variance analysis and Tukey test by sex. The Pearson correlations were calculated for MV, determining the morphostructural harmonic model. The canonical discriminant analysis and analysis of principal coordinates were made for QV and principal component analysis for MV. The results of QV indicated some features in the racial profile of the PG. MV showed sexual dimorphism (p<0.05). The coefficient of variation indicated morphostructural homogeneity. The correlations in MV suggest harmonic-morphostructural and harmonic-median models for females and males, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed similarities in the sampled localities. In conclusion, the qualitative and quantitative variables demonstrated in the PG characterize as a unique goat breed in the Mixteca of Mexico and justify further conservation efforts. Highlights The Pastoreña goats have uniformity within the population of the Mixteca, Mexico. The qualitative and quantitative variables estimated in the Pastoreña Goats offer the bases for its conservation. The shepherds select the offspring of the Pastoreña goats of the white and creamy-white color.In the present study, we evaluated the morphostructural variability of the Pastoreña goat (PG) in Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico. This study was carried out to evaluate five qualitative ranges and thirteen morphometric characteristics of 249 animals (185 females and 64 males) from 2 to 5 years old. Descriptive statistics analysis was performed on the qualitative (QV) morphometric (MV) variables, and variance analysis and Tukey test by sex. The Pearson correlations were calculated for MV, determining the morphostructural harmonic model. The canonical discriminant analysis and analysis of principal coordinates were made for QV and principal component analysis for MV. The results of QV indicated some features in the racial profile of the PG. MV showed sexual dimorphism (p<0.05). The coefficient of variation indicated morphostructural homogeneity. The correlations in MV suggest harmonic-morphostructural and harmonic-median models for females and males, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed similarities in the sampled localities. In conclusion, the qualitative and quantitative variables demonstrated in the PG characterize as a unique goat breed in the Mixteca of Mexico and justify further conservation efforts. Highlights The Pastoreña goats have uniformity within the population of the Mixteca, Mexico. The qualitative and quantitative variables estimated in the Pastoreña Goats offer the bases for its conservation. The shepherds select the offspring of the Pastoreña goats of the white and creamy-white color

Bleeding complications during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy treated with hemoclips

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has become the primary procedure for the long-term nutrition of patients with swallowing disorders. It has been shown to be a safe method with a lower complication rate than surgical placement. Acute hemorrhage following PEG is rarely reported. We present a case report about the use of hemoclips to stop bleeding from gastric wall vessel injury during a PEG procedure