L’experiència escolar laicoracionalista a Xàtiva a l’inici del segle xx

A partir d’unes breus notes sobre la situació educativa al País Valencià (dèficits en el nombre d’escoles públiques de primer ensenyament, falta de condicions higièniques i materials dels edificis escolars, dificultats organitzatives derivades de l’heterogeneïtat de l’alumnat, falta de consideració i prestigi social del professorat...), sobre les relacions entre les iniciatives de renovació pedagògica de l’època i el desenvolupament de determinats projectes polítics (anarquisme, socialisme, blasquisme...) i sobre la realitat social, econòmica, política i cultural de la ciutat de Xàtiva del moment, analitzem la posada en marxa i el funcionament d’experiències educatives com les de l’escola laica El Progreso, anomenada més endavant, del Círculo de Unión Republicana, i la racionalista Escuela Moderna Laplace, dirigida per José Casasola, que, vinculades a iniciatives sociopolítiques, ideològicament progressistes i políticament republicanes i anticlericals, cercaven, des de finals del segle XIX, dins un plantejament més general, la construcció d’un model educatiu alternatiu al de l’escola, tant pública com catòlica, com a instrument del canvi polític.From a few notes on the educational situation in the Valencian Country (shortage in the number of public primary education schools, poor hygienic conditions and lack of equipment of the school buildings, difficulties in the organisation due to the heterogeneity of the students, lack of social prestige and regard for the professoriate…), on the relationship between the initiatives of pedagogical renovation of the time and the development of some particular political projects (anarchism, socialism, blasquism…) and on the social, economic, political and cultural reality of Xativa city, we analyze the start off and the functioning of educational experiences like the ones from the laic school El Progreso, later named Circulo de Unión Republicana, and the rationalist school Escuela Moderna Laplace, led by José Casasola, that, linked to sociopolitical initiatives —ideologically progressive and republican and anticlerical politically—, were seeking, since the end of the XIX century, within a more general approach, the construction of an alternative educational model to both the public and catholic school, as an instrument of political [email protected]

Multipactor discharges in parallel-plate dielectric-loaded waveguides including space-charge effects

[EN] The objective of this paper is to study the time evolution of multipactor discharges in a parallel-plate dielectric-loaded waveguide. The electron discharge phenomena investigated in this paper include the effects of space charge, as well as the presence of time varying static fields. In order to perform the simulations presented in this paper, an approach considering simultaneously multiple effective electrons has been used. The results obtained demonstrate that multipactor discharges do turn off by themselves under certain circumstances when they occur in such dielectric-loaded structures.This work was supported by the Spanish Government's Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia under Project TEC2007-67630-C03-01. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor W. Menninger.Coves, A.; Torregrosa-Penalva, G.; Vicente, C.; Gimeno, B.; Boria Esbert, VE. (2008). Multipactor discharges in parallel-plate dielectric-loaded waveguides including space-charge effects. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 55(9):2505-2511. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2008.927945S2505251155

Assessing CO2 emissions of electric vehicles for e-sharing and home care. Two cases developed at Valencian region

[EN] Assessing the environmental impact of transport has been an issue over the last decade. The general framework is established and the followings factors must be considered to obtain results as accurate as possible. Among others (a) the study should considered the entire life cycle if possible: building & materials, usage phase and waste treatment and (b) usage phase assessment must be developed under real conditions in addition to lab tests. When the object of study is urban private transport, some extra lines can be taken into account considering the high impact that environmental initiatives makes in society. The information that local authorities and community receives about the initiative is as relevant as the environmental benefits obtain of the implementation of the project. In this paper, we present the methodology developed to assess CO2 emissions of electric vehicles intendent to car-sharing and home care; two projects developed at Valencian region. We deepen in the relevance and type of information obtain and manage for both studies with a life cycle vision. As a result of usage phase assessment, field test proves to be revealing giving a more realistic vision of the benefits of the project. Theoretical assessments were useful to consider the implementation of a certain project and the necessary support complementing the entity of the study. Resources needed to develop field test might skew results by biasing the study. Attention need to be paid in order to manage resources to set up field tests and avoid setting up field tests due to available resources. Bibliographic studies have shown building, materials and waste treatment depends on available data. Life cycle assessment seems to be the most adequate tool to obtain accurate results although the cost of the assessment is high and might not show significant differences between cars of similar characteristics.Authors would like to thank MOVUS S.L, Juan Sans Hospital of Alcoy, Sagunto Town Council and Univeristat Politècnica de València for their participation and trust in this project.Lo Iacono Ferreira, V.; Torregrosa López, J.; Colomer Ferrandiz, JV. (2016). Assessing CO2 emissions of electric vehicles for e-sharing and home care. Two cases developed at Valencian region. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1939-1946. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3430OCS1939194

Natural Language Generation: Revision of the State of the Art

El ser humano se comunica y expresa a través del lenguaje. Para conseguirlo, ha de desarrollar una serie de habilidades de alto nivel cognitivo cuya complejidad se pone de manifiesto en la tarea de automatizar el proceso, tanto cuando se trata de producir lenguaje como de interpretarlo. Cuando la acción comunicativa ocurre entre una persona y un ordenador y éste último es el destinatario de la acción, se emplean lenguajes computacionales que, como norma general, están sujetos a un conjunto de reglas fuertemente tipadas, acotadas y sin ambigüedad. Sin embargo, cuando el sentido de la comunicación es el contrario y la máquina ha de transmitir información a la persona, si el mensaje se quiere transmitir en lenguaje natural, el procedimiento para generarlo debe lidiar con la flexibilidad y la ambigüedad que lo caracterizan, dando lugar a una tarea de alto nivel de complejidad. Para que las máquinas sean capaces de manejar el lenguaje humano se hacen necesarias técnicas de Lingüística Computacional. Dentro de esta disciplina, el campo que se encarga de crear textos en lenguaje natural se denomina Generación de Lenguaje Natural (GLN). En este artículo se va a hacer un recorrido exhaustivo de este campo. Se describen las fases en las que se suelen descomponer los sistemas de GLN junto a las técnicas que se aplican y se analiza con detalle la situación actual de esta área de investigación y su problemática, así como los recursos más relevantes y las técnicas que se están empleando para evaluar la calidad de los sistemas.Language is one of the highest cognitive skills developed by human beings and, therefore, one of the most complex tasks to be faced from the computational perspective. Human-computer communication processes imply two different degrees of difficulty depending on the nature of that communication. If the language used is oriented towards the domain of the machine, there is no place for ambiguity since it is restricted by rules. However, when the communication is in terms of natural language, its flexibility and ambiguity becomes unavoidable. Computational Linguistic techniques are mandatory for machines when it comes to process human language. Among them, the area of Natural Language Generation aims to automatical development of techniques to produce human utterances, text and speech. This paper presents a deep survey of this research area taking into account different points of view about the theories, methodologies, architectures, techniques and evaluation approaches, thus providing a review of the current situation and possible future research in the field.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por la Generalitat Valenciana a través del proyecto DIIM2.0: Desarrollo de técnicas Inteligentes e Interactivas de Minería y generación de información sobre la web 2.0 (PROMETEOII/2014/001). Además, ha sido parcialmente financiada por la Comisión Europea a través del proyecto SAM (FP7-611312); por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España mediante los proyectos: “Análisis de Tendencias Mediante Técnicas de Opinión Semántica” (TIN2012-38536-C03-03) y ‘Técnicas de Deconstrucción en la Tecnología del Lenguaje Humano” (TIN2012-31224); y finalmente, por la Universidad de Alicante a través del proyecto “Explotación y tratamiento de la información disponible en Internet para la anotación y generación de textos adaptados al usuario” (GRE13-15)

Analysis of the calculation of the amplitude of accommodation

The push-up method is routinely used to measure the amplitude of accommodation. In this method the diopter value corresponding to the nearest point that the eye can focus is determined, wearing his neutralizing lens, but not the value of the maximum diopter variation that makes the eye. The aim of this paper is to review the calculation described in the push-up method taking into account the real position of the near point of the eye. In the subjective push-up method, it is calculated the reciprocal of the distance from the lens until the test object at this position of first, slight, sustained blur. We calculated the differences between this value and the ocular amplitude of accommodation, taking into account that the eye is really looking at the image of first blur through the neutralizing lens. Experimental measurements were also taken to determine whether they were similar to theoretical values. The results obtained by the two calculation methods compared were in general significantly different and the difference was greater for young people with high ametropy. The theoretical results were in agreement with the experimental ones. According to the optometric information required must select the appropriate calculation method, since the values obtained in each of them are not comparable

La iglesia de Sant Pere de Xàtiva

[ES] Sin resumenSicluna Lletget, R.; Torregrosa Soler, V. (1996). La iglesia de Sant Pere de Xàtiva. Loggia, Arquitectura & Restauración. (1):24-39. doi:10.4995/loggia.1996.5481SWORD2439

Dynamic tests and adaptive control of a bottoming organic Rankine cycle of IC engine using swash-plate expander

This paper deals with the experimental testing of a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) integrate in a 2 l turbocharged gasoline engine using ethanol as working fluid. The main components of the cycle are a boiler, a condenser, a pump and a swash-plate expander. Both steady and transient tests were performed in three engine operating points to understand the behavior and inertia of the system. Pressure-Volume diagram during these transients were presented and analyzed. Operating parameters of the expander, such as expander speed and boiler power, were shifted. The objective of these tests is to understand the inertia of the system and to have a robust control in all the possible transient tests. New European Driving Cycle was tested with and without the expander because it is supposed to represent the typical usage of a car in Europe. It was used to validate the control of the ORC in realistic dynamic conditions of the engine. The importance of each parameter was analyzed by fixing all the parameters, changing each time one specific value. The main result of this paper is that using a slightly simple and robust control based on adaptive PIDs, the two dynamic effects of an ORC could be taken into account, i.e. high inertia effects (boiler and condenser) and low inertia effects (pump and volumetric expander).This work is part of a research project called "Evaluation of bottoming cycles in IC engines to recover waste heat energies" funded by a National Project of the Spanish Government with reference TRA2013-46408-R. The authors thank also to Raul Lujan and Rafael Carrascosa for their contribution in the testing process. Authors want to acknowledge the "Apoyo para la investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID)" grant for doctoral studies (FPI S2 2015 1067).Torregrosa, AJ.; Galindo, J.; Dolz Ruiz, V.; Royo-Pascual, L.; Haller, R.; Melis, J. (2016). Dynamic tests and adaptive control of a bottoming organic Rankine cycle of IC engine using swash-plate expander. Energy Conversion and Management. 126:168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.078S16817612

The pleiotropic effects of paricalcitol: Beyond bone-mineral metabolism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is characterised by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and a series of bone-mineral metabolism anomalies. In patients with SHPT, treatment with paricalcitol, a selective vitamin D receptor activator, has been shown to reduce PTH levels with minimal serum calcium and phosphorus variations. The classic effect of paricalcitol is that of a mediator in mineral and bone homeostasis. However, recent studies have suggested that the benefits of treatment with paricalcitol go beyond PTH reduction and, for instance, it has a positive effect on cardiovascular disease and survival. The objective of this study is to review the most significant studies on the so-called pleiotropic effects of paricalcitol treatment in patients with CK