Vinylic addition polynorbornene as catalyst support: applications in organocatalysis and palladium-catalyzed c-c coupling reactions

Vinylic addition polynorbornene can be used as a robust and inert support for different catalytic systems. Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbenes, which can be attached to the polymer by an alkyl chain through one of the nitrogen atoms, have been used as recyclable organocatalysts in two different organic transformations with excellent results. These carbenes can also act as a ligand to form palladium complexes. Polymer-supported palladium complexes are active precatalysts in different carbon-carbon coupling reactions (Suzuki, Negishi). The polymer can be reused with small loss of activity. Polynorbornene can also bear diimine moieties useful in the synthesis of palladium complexes. These complexes have been tested in olefin polymerization and cross-coupling reactions. Additional studies reveal the relevance of the election of the solvent in some palladium catalyzed reactions. Some solvents like amides (DMF, NMP, DMA), diethers (Dioxane, DME) or ketones can induce the reduction of palladium-aryl complexes under certain conditions.Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica2019-01-1

"la cognatio"

Los textos romanos más antiguos son ya expresiones jurídicas y, por tanto, son propios del momento en que la concepción de la colectividad amplia ha prevalecido sobre la centrada en la familia y sus organizaciones espontáneas. Los juristas atienden a las instituciones coactivas y, por tanto, desatienden los ritos iniciáticos por medios de los cuales que la familia distinguía a los de dentro y a los de fuera. Cognatio es el rito que marcaba a los de dentro.The most ancient roman texts are already legal expressions and, therefore, belong to the time in which the concept of collectivity in a wide sense prevailed over the one focused on the familiy and its spontaneous organizations. The jurists occupy themselves with the coercive institutions and thus disregard the initiation rites, through which the familiy distinguished the insiders and outsiders. Cognatio was the rite that determined who was inside the familiy

Sistema web para la gestión académica en el Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológica Público ‘’José María Arguedas – Puquio”

El proyecto desarrollado tiene como finalidad implementar un sistema web para la gestión académica en el I.E.S.T.P. “José María Arguedas - Puquio” que tiene como principal dificultad a la gestión académica, al no contar un con un sistema web donde el estudiante, docente y los que integran la parte administrativa tienen una serie de inconvenientes y más aun con la pandemia que perdura cada vez con más fuerza. Los estudiantes no tienen acceso a sus cursos, notas y horarios de forma virtual al igual que los docentes, al no haber una plataforma la única forma de tener la información de los estudiantes es mediante un Excel para luego pasarlo en físico, la parte administrativa también tiene deficiencias al buscar la información de un estudiante, ya que solo cuentan con documentos físicos, es por ello la implementación de este sistema para así mejorar la gestión de la institución, de este modo los usuarios pueden acceder a la información requerida de manera virtual . La metodología Scrum es la más indicada para este proyecto debido a que reparte el desarrollo en procesos, el desarrollo estará en base al uso del Framework Codeigniter que posee una estructura MVC, el lenguaje que se usara es PHP, HTML y JavaScript, también se desarrollara en base a los modelos de Dashboard. Para este proyecto se realizó diferentes pruebas con el programa SPSS25 como las pruebas de normalidad para saber si el proyecto se evaluara en base al de Kolmogorov-Smirnov o Shapiro-Wilk, así mismo se realizó la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon debido a que el valor de significancia es menor a 0,05, de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos del programa SPSS25 tenemos que existe un crecimiento en ambos indicadores, tanto tasa neta de matricula de un 27,99% a un 33,32% lo cual evidencia un incremento de 3,33%, en el caso del segundo indicador tiene un aumente de 6,53% a un 7,41% el cual tiene un incremento de 0,88%, todos estos datos fueron los resultados del programa SPSS25

Aportación al catálogo de los hongos superiores del Archipiélago Canario

Nuevas aportaciones a la flora micológica del Archipiélago Canario, acompañadas de una breve descripción, así como de datos ecológicos y de distribución se presentan en el presente trabajo. También se ha confeccionado un catálogo con aquellas especies, probables primeras citas para diferentes islas, cuya presencia en el archipiélago ya había sido detectada.The present paper provides us with new contributions to the mycologic flora ofthe Canary Archipelago, accompanied by a short description, as well as with ecological and distributive data. It is also composed of a catalogue of those species, probable first quotations for different islands, whose presence in the archipelago had been already detected

Determinación y tratamiento termodinámico de equilibrios líquido-vapor en sistemas binarios isobánicos

Tesis - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1980.Fac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEProQuestpu

Adaptive multi-classifier systems for face re-identification applications

In video surveillance, decision support systems rely more and more on face recognition (FR) to rapidly determine if facial regions captured over a network of cameras correspond to individuals of interest. Systems for FR in video surveillance are applied in a range of scenarios, for instance in watchlist screening, face re-identification, and search and retrieval. The focus of this Thesis is video-to-video FR, as found in face re-identification applications, where facial models are designed on reference data, and update is archived on operational captures from video streams. Several challenges emerge from the task of recognizing individuals of interest from faces captured with video cameras. Most notably, it is often assumed that the facial appearance of target individuals do not change over time, and the proportions of faces captured for target and non-target individuals are balanced, known a priori and remain fixed. However, faces captured during operations vary due to several factors, including illumination, blur, resolution, pose expression, and camera interoperability. In addition, facial models used matching are commonly not representative since they are designed a priori, with a limited amount of reference samples that are collected and labeled at a high cost. Finally, the proportions of target and non-target individuals continuously change during operations. In literature, adaptive multiple classifier systems (MCSs) have been successfully applied to video-to-video FR, where the facial model for each target individual is designed using an ensemble of 2-class classifiers (trained using target vs. non-target reference samples). Recent approaches employ ensembles of 2-class Fuzzy ARTMAP classifiers, with a DPSO strategy to generate a pool of classifiers with optimized hyperparameters, and Boolean combination to merge their responses in the ROC space. Besides, the skew-sensitive ensembles were recently proposed to adapt the fusion function of an ensemble according to class imbalance measured on operational data. These active approaches estimate target vs. non-target proportions periodically during operations distance, and the fusion of classifier ensembles are adapted to such imbalance. Finally, face tracking can be used to regroup the system responses linked to a facial trajectory (facial captures from a single person in the scene) for robust spatio-temporal recognition, and to update facial models over time using operational data. In this Thesis, new techniques are proposed to adapt the facial models for individuals enrolled to a video-to-video FR system. Trajectory-based self-updating is proposed to update the system, considering gradual and abrupt changes in the classification environment. Then, skew-sensitive ensembles are proposed to adapt the system to the operational imbalance. In Chapter 2, an adaptive framework is proposed for partially-supervised learning of facial models over time based on facial trajectories. During operations, information from a face tracker and individual-specific ensembles is integrated for robust spatio-temporal recognition and for self-update of facial models. The tracker defines a facial trajectory for each individual in video. Recognition of a target individual is done if the positive predictions accumulated along a trajectory surpass a detection threshold for an ensemble. If the accumulated positive predictions surpass a higher update threshold, then all target face samples from the trajectory are combined with non-target samples (selected from the cohort and universal models) to update the corresponding facial model. A learn-and-combine strategy is employed to avoid knowledge corruption during self-update of ensembles. In addition, a memory management strategy based on Kullback-Leibler divergence is proposed to rank and select the most relevant target and non-target reference samples to be stored in memory as the ensembles evolves. The proposed system was validated with synthetic data and real videos from Face in Action dataset, emulating a passport checking scenario. Initially, enrollment trajectories were used for supervised learning of ensembles, and videos from three capture sessions were presented to the system for FR and self-update. Transaction-level analysis shows that the proposed approach outperforms baseline systems that do not adapt to new trajectories, and provides comparable performance to ideal systems that adapt to all relevant target trajectories, through supervised learning. Subject-level analysis reveals the existence of individuals for which self-updated ensembles provide a considerable benefit. Trajectory-level analysis indicates that the proposed system allows for robust spatio-temporal video-to-video FR. In Chapter 3, an extension and a particular implementation of the ensemble-based system for spatio-temporal FR is proposed, and is characterized in scenarios with gradual and abrupt changes in the classification environment. Transaction-level results show that the proposed system allows to increase AUC accuracy by about 3% in scenarios with abrupt changes, and by about 5% in scenarios with gradual changes. Subject-based analysis reveals the difficulties of FR with different poses, affecting more significantly the lamb- and goat-like individuals. Compared to reference spatio-temporal fusion approaches, the proposed accumulation scheme produces the highest discrimination. In Chapter 4, adaptive skew-sensitive ensembles are proposed to combine classifiers trained by selecting data with varying levels of imbalance and complexity, to sustain a high level the performance for video-to-video FR. During operations, the level of imbalance is periodically estimated from the input trajectories using the HDx quantification method, and pre-computed histogram representations of imbalanced data distributions. Ensemble scores are accumulated of trajectories for robust skew-sensitive spatio-temporal recognition. Results on synthetic data show that adapting the fusion function with the proposed approach can significantly improve performance. Results on real data show that the proposed method can outperform reference techniques in imbalanced video surveillance environments

Retirement, a milestone of old age : reviewing recent psychosocial approaches

La jubilación es un fenómeno de transición de considerable relevancia por las posibilidades y exigencias de adaptación que supone para quienes pasan por él. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de literatura reciente sobre el tema. La revisión incluye artículos que reportan investigación empírica, publicados entre los años 2006 y 2012. Los resultados apuntan a la primacía de estudios relativos al bienestar y la satisfacción con la jubilación, así como investigaciones centradas en el proceso de toma de decisiones, especialmente en cuanto a jubilación anticipada se refiere. Destacan también los cambios en un entorno de población envejecida que lleva a gobiernos y organizaciones a plantear medidas para retener a los trabajadores de edad avanzada. La revisión presenta algunas orientaciones teóricas empleadas en los estudios revisados y concluye señalando algunas necesidades y orientaciones para abordar el estudio del fenómeno desde la óptica del desarrollo psicosocial en su sentido más amplio.Retirement is a fairly interesting transition phenomenon in terms of the possibilities and adaptation tasks it entails for those who go through it. This work consists of a review of recent literature on the subject. The corpus of literature analyzed is made up by articles reporting empirical research on psychosocial aspects of retirement, published from 2006 to 2012. Results stress the abundance of studies related to wellness and satisfaction with retirement, as well as research regarding decision making processes, especially as far as early retirement is concerned. Changes regarding the growth of an aged population that lead governments and organizations to consider measures for delaying retirement also stand out. The review presents some theoretical approaches used in the studies and discuses some necessities and guidelines to tackle the study of retirement from the point view point of psychosocial development in its broadest sense

Tourism for all as a manifestation of tourism quality and social responsibility element

[Abstract] In order to make an analysis of the legal aspects of tourism accessibility from the perspective of quality and social responsibility, we conducted our study from a transversal legal perspective, we wanted to focus our work in the framework of social responsibility from the juridical-legal perspective. We analyzed the tourism regulations of Galicia, as well as concerning accessibility. And continuing we completed our study with a reference to modes of conflict resolution relating to the rights of persons with disabilities through a jurisprudential analysis to know the legal solutions offered in disputes arising from accessibility in situations where well they could be involved tourist users, as well as court settlement of disputes through arbitration[Resumen] El turismo para todos como manifestación de la calidad turística y elemento de responsabilidad social. A fin de hacer un análisis de los aspectos jurídicos de la accesibilidad turística desde el enfoque de la calidad y de la responsabilidad social, hemos realizado nuestro estudio desde una perspectiva jurídica transversal .Se ha analizado la normativa turística de Galicia, así como la concerniente a la accesibilidad. Y continuando hemos finalizado con una alusión a los modos de resolución de conflictos relacionados con los derechos de las personas con discapacidad a través de un análisis jurisprudencial a fin de conocer las soluciones judiciales ofrecidas en controversias derivadas de la accesibilidad en aquellas situaciones en las que bien pudieran verse implicados los usuarios turísticos, así como también la solución extrajudicial de conflictos a través de la figura del arbitraje

Numerically Calculated 3-D Space-Weighting Functions to Image Crustal Volcanic Structures Using Diffuse Coda Waves

Acknowledgments: This research was partly supported by the Projects TEC2015-68752 (MINECO/FEDER), TEC2015-68752 (KNOWAVES).Peer reviewedPublisher PD