Bibliography of Works by G.E.M. Anscombe

The following bibliography of works by the British philosopher Elizabeth Anscombe (1919-2001) was prepared in January 2007, and revised in October 2007, April 2008, August 2008, April 2009 and January 2011 by Luke Gormally, Christian Kietzmann and José María Torralba with the purpose of making it available on the interne

Assessing the use of discrete, full-waveform LiDAR and TLS to classify Mediterranean forest species composition

Revista oficial de la Asociación Española de Teledetección[EN] LiDAR technology –airborne and terrestrial- is becoming more relevant in the development of forest inventories, which are crucial to better understand and manage forest ecosystems. In this study, we assessed a classification of species composition in a Mediterranean forest following the C4.5 decision tree. Different data sets from airborne laser scanner full-waveform (ALSFW), discrete (ALSD) and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) were combined as input data for the classification. Species composition were divided into five classes: pure Quercus ilex plots (QUI); pure Pinus halepensis dense regenerated (HALr); pure P. halepensis (HAL); pure P. pinaster (PIN); and mixed P. pinaster and Q. suber (mPIN). Furthermore, the class HAL was subdivided in low and dense understory vegetation cover. As a result, combination of ALSFW and TLS reached 85.2% of overall accuracy classifying classes HAL, PIN and mPIN. Combining ALSFW and ALSD, the overall accuracy was 77.0% to discriminate among the five classes. Finally, classification of understory vegetation cover using ALSFW reached an overall accuracy of 90.9%. In general, combination of ALSFW and TLS improved the overall accuracy of classifying among HAL, PIN and mPIN by 7.4% compared to the use of the data sets separately, and by 33.3% with respect to the use of ALSD only. ALSFW metrics, in particular those specifically designed for detection of understory vegetation, increased the overall accuracy 9.1% with respect to ALSD metrics. These analyses show that classification in forest ecosystems with presence of understory vegetation and intermediate canopy strata is improved when ALSFW and/or TLS are used instead of ALSD.[ES] La tecnología LiDAR, tanto en sus versiones aerotransportada como terrestre, ha adquirido relevancia en los últimos años en la realización de inventarios forestales que permiten entender y adecuar la gestión de los ecosistemas forestales. En este estudio, se evaluó la clasificación por composición de especies en un bosque mediterráneo mediante el árbol de decisión C4.5. Para ello, se emplearon diferentes conjuntos de datos derivados de LiDAR discreto (ALSD ), LiDAR de retorno de onda completa (full-waveform, ALSFW) y láser escáner terrestre (TLS) como datos de entrada de la clasificación. La composición de especies se dividió en cinco clases: parcelas puras de Quercus ilex (QUI); puras de Pinus halepensis regenerado (HALr); puras de P. halepensis (HAL); puras de P. pinaster (PIN); y mixta de P. pinaster y Q. suber (mPIN). Además, se realizó una subdivisión de la clase HAL en cobertura de sotobosque escasa y densa. Como resultado se obtuvo una fiabilidad del 85,2% en la clasificación de las clases HAL, PIN y mPIN combinando ALSFW y TLS. En la clasificación de las cinco composiciones de especies, la fiabilidad alcanzada empleando ALSFW y ALSD fue del 77,0%. Finalmente, en la clasificación de las subclases de cobertura de sotobosque se logró un 90,9% de fiabilidad con ALSFW. En general, la combinación de ALSFW y TLS mejoró los resultados en un 7,4% en la clasificación de las clases HAL, PIN y mPIN en comparación con el uso de los datos de los sensores por separado, y en un 33,3% con respecto al uso de ALSD. Las métricas ALSFW, en particular aquellas diseñadas especialmente para la detección del sotobosque, mejoraron la precisión en un 9,1% con respecto a las métricas derivadas de ALSD. Estos análisis muestran que el uso del ALSFW y TLS mejora la clasificación de los ecosistemas forestales con presencia de sotobosque y diferentes especies arbóreas en los estratos intermedios con respecto al ALSD.This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and FEDER, in the framework of the project CGL2016-80705-R.Torralba, J.; Crespo-Peremarch, P.; Ruiz, LA. (2018). Evaluación del uso de LiDAR discreto, full-waveform y TLS en la clasificación por composición de especies en bosques mediterráneos. Revista de Teledetección. (52):27-40. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2018.11106SWORD274052Åkerblom, M., Raumonen, P., Mäkipää, R., Kaasalainen, M. 2017. Automatic tree species recognition with quantitative structure models. Remote Sensing of Environment, 191, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.12.002Barbier, S., Gosselin, F., Balandier, P. 2008. Influence of tree species on understory vegetation diversity and mechanisms involved-A critical review for temperate and boreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 254(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.038Bastrup-Birk, A., Reker, J., Zal, N. 2016. European forest ecosystems: State and trends. EEA Report n° 5/2016. Copenhagen. https://doi.org/10.2800/964893Bauwens, S., Bartholomeus, H., Calders, K., Lejeune, P. 2016. Forest Inventory with Terrestrial LiDAR: A Comparison of Static and Hand-Held Mobile Laser Scanning. Forests, 7(12), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7060127Cabo, C., Ordóñez, C., López-Sánchez, C. A., Armesto, J. 2018. Automatic dendrometry: Tree detection, tree height and diameter estimation using terrestrial laser scanning. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 69(November 2017), 164-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2018.01.011Cao, L., Coops, N., Hermosilla, T., Innes, J., Dai, J., She, G. 2014. Using Small-Footprint Discrete and Full-Waveform Airborne LiDAR Metrics to Estimate Total Biomass and Biomass Components in Subtropical Forests. Remote Sensing, 6(8), 7110- 7135. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6087110Cifuentes, R., Zande, D. Van Der, Farifteh, J., Salas, C., Coppin, P. 2015. Effects of voxel size and sampling setup on the estimation of forest canopy gap fraction from terrestrial laser scanning data. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 201(August), 416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.226Cowling, R. M., Rundel, P. W., Lamont, B. B., Kalin Arroyo, M., Arianoutsou, M. 1996. Plant diversity in mediterranean-climate regions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 11(9), 362-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)10044-6Crespo-Peremarch, P., Ruiz, L. A., Balaguer-Beser, A. 2016. A comparative study of regression methods to predict forest structure and canopy fuel variables from LiDAR full-waveform data. Revista de Teledetección, 45, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2016.4066Crespo-Peremarch, P., Ruiz, L. Á. 2017. Análisis comparativo del potencial del ALS y TLS en la caracterización estructural de la masa forestal basado en voxelización. In Nuevas plataformas y sensores de teledetcción. XVII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Teledetección (pp. 131-135). Murcia: Asociación Española de Teledetección.Crespo-Peremarch, P., Tompalski, P., Coops, N. C., Ruiz, L. Á. 2018. Characterizing understory vegetation in Mediterranean forests using fullwaveform airborne laser scanning data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 217(August), 400-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.033Dubayah, R. O., Drake, J. B. 2000. Lidar Remote Sensing for Forestry Applications. Journal of Forestry, 98(6), 44-46. https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/98.6.44Duncanson, L. I., Niemann, K. O., Wulder, M. A. 2010. Estimating forest canopy height and terrain relief from GLAS waveform metrics. Remote Sensing of Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.018Duong, V. H. 2010. Processing and Application of ICESat Large Footprint Full Waveform Laser Range Data. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.Estornell, J., Velázquez-Martí, A., FernándezSarría, A., López-Cortés, I., Martí-Gavilá, J., Salazar, D. 2017. Estimación de parámetros de estructura de nogales utilizando láser escáner terrestre. Revista de Teledetección, 48, 67. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2017.7429García, M., Danson, F. M., Riaño, D., Chuvieco, E., Ramirez, F. A., Bandugula, V. 2011. Terrestrial laser scanning to estimate plot-level forest canopy fuel properties. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 13(4), 636-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2011.03.006Geri, F., Amici, V., Rocchini, D. 2010. Human activity impact on the heterogeneity of a Mediterranean landscape. Applied Geography, 30(3), 370-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APGEOG.2009.10.006Hancock, S., Anderson, K., Disney, M., Gaston, K. J. 2017. Measurement of fine-spatial-resolution 3D vegetation structure with airborne waveform lidar: Calibration and validation with voxelised terrestrial lidar. Remote Sensing of Environment, 188, 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSE.2016.10.041Heinzel, J., Koch, B. 2011. Exploring full-waveform LiDAR parameters for tree species classification. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 13(1), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAG.2010.09.010Heinzel, J., Huber, M. 2016. Detecting tree stems from volumetric TLS data in forest environments with rich understory. Remote Sensing, 9(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010009Hollaus, M., Mücke, W., Höfle, B., Dorigo, W., Pfeifer, N., Wagner, W., … Regner, B. 2009. Tree species classification based on full-waveform airborne laser scanning data. In Silvilaser 2009 (Vol. 54). Texas, USA.Isenburg, M. 2018. LAStools - Efficient tools for LiDAR processing. (Version 180409) obtained from http://rapidlasso.com/LAStools. Alemania: Rapidlasso GmbH.Kankare, V., Liang, X., Vastaranta, M., Yu, X., Holopainen, M., Hyyppä, J. 2015. Diameter distribution estimation with laser scanning based multisource single tree inventory. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 108, 161- 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.07.007Kimes, D. S., Ranson, K. J., Sun, G., Blair, J. B. 2006. Predicting lidar measured forest vertical structure from multi-angle spectral data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 100(4), 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.11.004Kraus, K., Pfeifer, N. 1998. Determination of terrain models in wooded areas with airborne laser scanner data. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 53(4), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2716(98)00009-4Lefsky, M. A., Cohen, W. B., Parker, G. G., Harding, D. J. 2002. Lidar Remote Sensing for Ecosystem Studies. BioScience, 52(1), 19-30. https://doi. org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0019:LRSFES]2 .0.CO;2Liang, X., Kankare, V., Hyyppä, J., Wang, Y., Kukko, A., Haggrén, H., … Vastaranta, M. 2016. Terrestrial laser scanning in forest inventories. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 115, 63- 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.006Liang, X., Hyyppä, J., Kaartinen, H., Lehtomäki, M., Pyörälä, J., Pfeifer, N., … Wang, Y. 2018. International benchmarking of terrestrial laser scanning approaches for forest inventories. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 144(October 2018), 137-179. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.06.021Lin, Y., Herold, M. 2016. Tree species classification based on explicit tree structure feature parameters derived from static terrestrial laser scanning data. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 216, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.10.008Maas, H. G., Bienert, A., Scheller, S., Keane, E. 2008. Automatic forest inventory parameter determination from terrestrial laser scanner data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(5), 1579-1593. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160701736406Magrama. 2006. Mapa Forestal de España. Escala 1:50.000. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Dirección General de Desarrollo Rural y Política Forestal.McGaughey, R. J. 2016. FUSION/LDV: Software for LIDAR Data Analysis and Visualization. Seattle (WA): USDS Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. https://doi.org/10.1097/ BRS.0b013e3182a439ccMyers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Kent, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853- 858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501Othmani, A., Piboule, A., Krebs, M., Stolz, C. 2011. Towards automated and operational forest inventories with T-Lidar. SilviLaser, 1-9.Othmani, A., Lew Yan Voon, L. F. C., Stolz, C., Piboule, A. 2013. Single tree species classification from Terrestrial Laser Scanning data for forest inventory. Pattern Recognition Letters, 34(16), 2144-2150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2013.08.004Palik, B., Engstrom, R. T. 1999. Species composition. In M. L. Hunter (Ed.), Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems (pp. 65- 94). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613029.005Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Phillips, O. L., Jackson, R. B. 2013. The Structure, Distribution, and Biomass of the World's Forests. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 44(1), 593-622. https:// doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135914Ruiz, L. A., Hermosilla, T., Mauro, F., Godino, M. 2014. Analysis of the influence of plot size and LiDAR density on forest structure attribute estimates. Forests, 5(5), 936-951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ f5050936Ruiz, L. Á., Recio, J. A., Crespo-Peremarch, P., Sapena, M. 2018. An object-based approach for mapping forest structural types based on low-density LiDAR and multispectral imagery. Geocarto International, 33(5), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2 016.1265595Scarascia-Mugnozza, G., Oswald, H., Piussi, P., Radoglou, K. 2000. Forests of the Mediterranean region: gaps in knowledge and research needs. Forest Ecology and Management, 132(1), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00383-2Shugart, H. H., Saatchi, S., Hall, F. G. 2010. Importance of structure and its measurement in quantifying function of forest ecosystems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 115(G2), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG000993Valbuena, P., Del Peso, C., Bravo, F. 2008. Stand Density Management Diagrams for two Mediterranean pine species in Eastern Spain. Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales, 17(2), 97. https:// doi.org/10.5424/srf/2008172-01026Valbuena, R., Maltamo, M., Packalen, P. 2016. Classification of forest development stages from national low-density lidar datasets: a comparison of machine learning methods. Revista de Teledetección, 45, 15-25. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2016.4029Vogeler, J. C., Cohen, W. B. 2016. A review of the role of active remote sensing and data fusion for characterizing forest in wildlife habitat models. Revista de Teledetección, 45, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2016.3981West, P. W. 2009. Tree and Forest Measurement. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2nd ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95966-3Wilkes, P., Lau, A., Disney, M., Calders, K., Burt, A., Gonzalez de Tanago, J., … Herold, M. 2017. 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Background modeling for video sequences by stacked denoising autoencoders

Nowadays, the analysis and extraction of relevant information in visual data flows is of paramount importance. These images sequences can last for hours, which implies that the model must adapt to all kinds of circumstances so that the performance of the system does not decay over time. In this paper we propose a methodology for background modeling and foreground detection, whose main characteristic is its robustness against stationary noise. Thus, stacked denoising autoencoders are applied to generate a set of robust characteristics for each region or patch of the image, which will be the input of a probabilistic model to determine if that region is background or foreground. The evaluation of a set of heterogeneous sequences results in that, although our proposal is similar to the classical methods existing in the literature, the inclusion of noise in these sequences causes drastic performance drops in the competing methods, while in our case the performance stays or falls slightly.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Understanding contribution of microstructure to fracture behaviour of sintered steels

Proceedings of: Euro PM2014 Congress & Exhibition, Salzburg, Austria, 21-24 September 2014.This paper was the winner of the EPMA PM Structural Parts Keynote Award made at Euro PM 2014Microstructural features of sintered steels, which comprise both phases and porosity, strongly condition the mechanical behaviour of the material under service conditions. Many research activities have dealt with this relationship since better understanding of the microstructure&-property correlation is the key of improvement of current powder metallurgy (PM) steels. Up to now, fractographic investigation after testing has been successfully applied for this purpose and, more recently, the in situ analysis of crack evolution through the microstructure as well as some advanced computer assisted tools. However, there is still a lack of information about local mechanical behaviour and strain distributions at the microscale in relation to the local microstructure of these steels, i.e. which phases in heterogeneous PM microstructures contribute to localisation of plastic deformation or which phases can impede crack propagation during loading. In the present work, these questions are addressed through the combination of three techniques: (i) in situ tensile testing (performed in the SEM) to monitor crack initiation and propagation; (ii) digital image correlation technique to trace the progress of local strain distributions during loading; (iii) fractographic examination of the loaded samples. Three PM steels, all obtained from commercially available powders but presenting different microstructures, are examined: a ferritic-pearlitic Fe-C steel, a bainitic prealloyed Fe-Mo-C steel and a diffusion alloyed Fe-Ni-Cu-Mo-C steel, with more heterogeneous microstructure (ferrite, pearlite, upper and lower bainite, martensite and Ni rich austenite).The authors wish to thank to Höganäs AB for providing all the raw materials to develop this work.Publicad

Intervención breve en accidentados con alcoholemia positiva desde un centro de traumatología

E1 objetivo principal de la investigación es comprobar la efectividad de la intervención breve para reducir el consumo de alcohol en accidentados de tráfico adultos con alcoholemia positiva y sin dependencia del alcohol.En objetivo de la etapa piloto es comprobar la viabilidad estructural del proyecto (capacitación de los profesionales y viabilidad del cribado e intervención desde un centro de traumatología, así como una estimación aproximada de la prevalencia y perfil de los lesionados de tráfico con presencia de alcohol. Material: Se elabora un programa de formación con material de apoyo. Se aplica un método de detección del alcohol en saliva en lesionados de tráfico que acuden a urgencias de traumatología. A los pacientes con saliva positiva se les ofrece una intervención breve. Se recoge la opinión del personal sobre la eficacia percibida y viabilidad estimada del proyecto gobal (cribado e intervención) mediante cuestionarios de opinión. Se estudian la prevalencia y perfil de los pacientes con saliva positiva a partir del análisis comparativo de variables seleccionadas.Resultados: El personal entrenado considera (80%) útil y adecuada la formación recibida. Las enfermeras consideran (89%) que el método es fácil, no plantea demasiados problemas (55%) y es bien aceptado por el paciente (53%). El personal entrenado se ha sentido cómodo y eficiente (67%) al realizar la intervención. 261 de 264 pacientes aceptaron el cribado y el 11% tenía alcohol en saliva. Sólo 2 pacientes rechazaron la intervención, que fue practicada en 16 lesionados. Los pacientes con saliva positiva acuden más en fines de semana (p 0,005) y quedan ingresados con mayor frecuencia (p 0,05) que aquéllos con saliva negativa. Conclusión: el programa está bien estructurado, es viable y aceptado por el paciente. El estudio definitivo incluirá la determinación del alcohol en orina, en pacientes con saliva seca, y reforzará el cribado en fines de semana y politraumáticosMain research objective is to verify the effectiveness of brief intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in non-dependent adults injured in a traffic crash, presenting at the emergency department with a positive saliva alcohol test. The aim of the pilot study is to verify the feasibility of the project (staff training, screening and intervention at a trauma centre) and to roughly estimate the prevalence and profile of alcohol-attributable traffic casualties. Method: Training programme and support material are delivered. Saliva alcohol screening is performed by nurses in patients attending the emergency department because of a traffic crash. Positive patients are offered brief intervention. Staff's opinion on training, esteemed self-efficacy and feasibility of the whole procedure (screening and intervention) is collected by opinion surveys. Prevalence and profile of patients with positive saliva is drawn up by comparative analysis of selected variables. Results: Trained staff considers (80%) training useful and matching objectives. Nurses consider that, despite the nonvalid results in case of mouth dryness, the saliva test is easy (89%), doesn't pose major problems (55%), and is well accepted by the patient (53%). Trained staff have felt comfortable and self-effective (67%) in delivering the intervention. 261 out of 264 patients accepted screening and 28 (11%) had a positive result. Only 2 patients refused intervention, which was performed on 16. Patients with a positive test present more frequently in the weekends (p: 0.005) and are more hospitalised (p: 0.05) than those with a negative test. Conclusion: The programme is well designed, feasible and accepted by the patient. Main study will use urine alcohol test on patients with dry mouth, and will reinforce screening in the weekends and in sever injured patient

'Part'ly first among equals: Semantic part-based benchmarking for state-of-the-art object recognition systems

An examination of object recognition challenge leaderboards (ILSVRC, PASCAL-VOC) reveals that the top-performing classifiers typically exhibit small differences amongst themselves in terms of error rate/mAP. To better differentiate the top performers, additional criteria are required. Moreover, the (test) images, on which the performance scores are based, predominantly contain fully visible objects. Therefore, `harder' test images, mimicking the challenging conditions (e.g. occlusion) in which humans routinely recognize objects, need to be utilized for benchmarking. To address the concerns mentioned above, we make two contributions. First, we systematically vary the level of local object-part content, global detail and spatial context in images from PASCAL VOC 2010 to create a new benchmarking dataset dubbed PPSS-12. Second, we propose an object-part based benchmarking procedure which quantifies classifiers' robustness to a range of visibility and contextual settings. The benchmarking procedure relies on a semantic similarity measure that naturally addresses potential semantic granularity differences between the category labels in training and test datasets, thus eliminating manual mapping. We use our procedure on the PPSS-12 dataset to benchmark top-performing classifiers trained on the ILSVRC-2012 dataset. Our results show that the proposed benchmarking procedure enables additional differentiation among state-of-the-art object classifiers in terms of their ability to handle missing content and insufficient object detail. Given this capability for additional differentiation, our approach can potentially supplement existing benchmarking procedures used in object recognition challenge leaderboards.Comment: Extended version of our ACCV-2016 paper. Author formatting modifie

Uncertainty budget of a large-range nanopositioning platform based on Monte Carlo simulation

The objective of precision systems design is to obtain machines with very high and totally predictable work-zone accuracies. In already functional systems, where the errors can be measured, this is achieved by error correction and compensation. The aim of this work is to propose an uncertainty budget methodology to obtain the final measuring uncertainty of precise measuring systems, after error compensation. The case study is a nanopositioning platform, referred as NanoPla, with a confocal sensor integrated as measuring instrument. The NanoPla performs precise positioning in a large range of 50 mm × 50 mm, and its target is surface topography characterization, at a submicrometre scale. After performing the uncertainty budget of the NanoPla, Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the final measuring uncertainty along the whole NanoPla working range, considering all the casuistry. By studying the results, the authors are able to propose solutions to minimize the final measuring uncertainty

Background modeling by shifted tilings of stacked denoising autoencoders

The effective processing of visual data without interruption is currently of supreme importance. For that purpose, the analysis system must adapt to events that may affect the data quality and maintain its performance level over time. A methodology for background modeling and foreground detection, whose main characteristic is its robustness against stationary noise, is presented in the paper. The system is based on a stacked denoising autoencoder which extracts a set of significant features for each patch of several shifted tilings of the video frame. A probabilistic model for each patch is learned. The distinct patches which include a particular pixel are considered for that pixel classification. The experiments show that classical methods existing in the literature experience drastic performance drops when noise is present in the video sequences, whereas the proposed one seems to be slightly affected. This fact corroborates the idea of robustness of our proposal, in addition to its usefulness for the processing and analysis of continuous data during uninterrupted periods of time.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

De tertulia con Machado: una propuesta didáctica para actualizar a los autores clásicos

En las últimas décadas, numerosos teóricos han señalado la importancia de renovar la concepción de la educación literaria en el sistema educativo. A pesar de que los modelos tradicionales de enseñanza no hayan resultado totalmente satisfactorios, la literatura puede influir positivamente en la formación personal del alumnado. En el presente artículo se ofrece una propuesta de intervención educativa que persigue dos objetivos: atender a las posibilidades formativas de la literatura mediante la realización de una tertulia literaria y actualizar la vigencia de un clásico de la literatura española, Antonio Machado. Desde esta perspectiva se pretende fomentar una actitud de aprecio y disfrute de la experiencia poética en los alumnos de 2.º de bachillerato a los que se dirige. In recent decades, several theories have highlighted the importance of updating the concept of literary education in the education system. Although traditional models of teaching haven't proven entirely satisfactory, literature can positively influence the personal formation of the student body. Two main objectives are proposed within the current study: first, to address the educational possibilities of literature through literary gathering discussing the poetry of Antonio Machado; second, to approach through modernized means a classic of Spanish literature as relevant as Antonio Machado. In this context the objective of this study is the promotion of attitudes of appreciation for and enjoyment of the poetic experience among second-year baccalaureate students

Influence of Substrate Concentration on the Culturability of Heterotrophic Soil Microbes Isolated by High-Throughput Dilution-to-Extinction Cultivation

The vast majority of microbes inhabiting oligotrophic shallow subsurface soil environments have not been isolated or studied under controlled laboratory conditions. In part, the challenges associated with isolating shallow subsurface microbes may persist because microbes in deeper soils are adapted to low nutrient availability or quality. Here, we use high-throughput dilution-to-extinction culturing to isolate shallow subsurface microbes from a conifer forest in Arizona, USA. We hypothesized that the concentration of heterotrophic substrates in microbiological growth medium would affect which microbial taxa were culturable from these soils. To test this, we diluted cells extracted from soil into one of two custom-designed defined growth media that differed by 100-fold in the concentration of amino acids and organic carbon. Across the two media, we isolated a total of 133 pure cultures, all of which were classified as Actinobacteria or Alphaproteobacteria The substrate availability dictated which actinobacterial phylotypes were culturable but had no significant effect on the culturability of Alphaproteobacteria We isolated cultures that were representative of the most abundant phylotype in the soil microbial community (Bradyrhizobium spp.) and representatives of five of the top 10 most abundant Actinobacteria phylotypes, including Nocardioides spp., Mycobacterium spp., and several other phylogenetically divergent lineages. Flow cytometry of nucleic acid-stained cells showed that cultures isolated on low-substrate medium had significantly lower nucleic acid fluorescence than those isolated on high-substrate medium. These results show that dilution-to-extinction is an effective method to isolate abundant soil microbes and that the concentration of substrates in culture medium influences the culturability of specific microbial lineages.IMPORTANCE Isolating environmental microbes and studying their physiology under controlled conditions are essential aspects of understanding their ecology. Subsurface ecosystems are typically nutrient-poor environments that harbor diverse microbial communities-the majority of which are thus far uncultured. In this study, we use modified high-throughput cultivation methods to isolate subsurface soil microbes. We show that a component of whether a microbe is culturable from subsurface soils is the concentration of growth substrates in the culture medium. Our results offer new insight into technical approaches and growth medium design that can be used to access the uncultured diversity of soil microbes.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]