Ca2+ uptake to purified secretory vesicles from bovine neurohypophyses

Purified secretory vesicles isolated from bovine neurohypophyses were found to take up Ca2+ when incubated at 30°C in media containing 10−7 to 10−4 M free Ca2+. At 10−4 free Ca2+ 19 nmol/mg protein were taken up within 30 min. The initial uptake at this Ca2+ concentration was about 2 nmol/mg protein per min. The uptake of Ca2+ to secretory vesicles was not affected by ATP, oligomycin, ruthenium red, trifluoperazine, Mg2+ or K+, but was inhibited by Na+ and Sr2+. From these characteristics it can be concluded that the uptake system does not utilize directly ATP (as the Ca2+-ATPases known to be present in the cell membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum) and is different from the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake system driven by respiration and/or ATP hydrolysis. However, Ca2+-Na+ exchange may well operate: In experiments using different concentrations of Na+ we found half-maximal inhibition of Ca2+ uptake with 33.3 mM Na+. An analysis of the data in a Hill plot indicated that at least 2 Na+ would be exchanged for 1 Ca2+. Also, it was found that Ca2+ previously taken up could be released again by external Na+ but not by K+

Om Aarsagen til Brand i Hvede.

Om Aarsagen til Brand i Hvede

Return to the workforce following first hospitalization for heart failure: a Danish nationwide cohort study

Background: Return to work is important financially, as a marker of functional status and for self-esteem in patients developing chronic illness. We examined return to work after first heart failure (HF) hospitalization. Methods: By individual-level linkage of nationwide Danish registries, we identified 21455 patients of working age (18-60 years) with a first HF hospitalization in the period of 1997-2012. Of these 11880 (55%) were in the workforce prior to HF hospitalization and comprised the study population. We applied logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) for associations between age, sex, length of hospital stay, level of education, income, comorbidity and return to work. Results: One year after first HF hospitalization, 8040 (67.7%) returned to the workforce, 2981 (25.1%) did not, 805 (6.7%) died and 54 (0.5%) emigrated. Predictors of return to work included younger age (18-30 vs. 51-60 years, OR 3.12; 95% CI 2.42-4.03), male sex (OR 1.22 [1.18-1.34]) and level of education (long-higher vs. basic school OR 2.06 [1.63-2.60]). Conversely, hospital stay >7 days (OR 0.56 [0.51-0.62]) and comorbidity including history of stroke (OR 0.55 [0.45-0.69]), chronic kidney disease (OR 0.46 [0.36-0.59]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0.62 [0.52-0.75]), diabetes (OR 0.76 [0.68-0.85]) and cancer (OR 0.49 [0.40-0.61]) were all significantly associated with lower chance of return to work. Conclusions: Patients in the workforce prior to HF hospitalization had low mortality but high risk of detachment from the workforce one year later. Young age, male sex, and higher level of education were predictors of return to work

Labor-force participation and working patterns among women and men who have survived cancer: A descriptive 9-year longitudinal cohort study

Aims: Our aim was to investigate labor-force participation, working hours, job changes, and education over 9 years among persons who have survived more than 10 years after cancer, and compare it to controls. Methods: Register data on 2629 persons who survived cancer were stratified by gender and compared to data on 5258 matched controls. persons who survived cancer were aged 30–50 when diagnosed with cancer and had a work contract prior to diagnosis. Descriptive analysis and t-tests were performed. Results: The proportion of female persons who survived cancer in the labor force was reduced from 100% to 83.9% during follow-up, demonstrating a significant difference compared to controls for each year measured. The proportion of male persons who survived cancer dropped from 100% to 84.8%, but was only significantly different compared to controls in 2 years. The proportion of female persons who had survived cancer who worked full-time was lower in all years compared to both controls and male persons who survived cancer; in turn, male persons who had survived cancer worked full-time less than male controls. The proportion of female persons who had survived cancer who worked less than 20 hours per week increased compared to controls. The frequency of change of employer was higher among female persons who survived cancer compared to controls for some years, but no significant differences between male persons who survived cancer and controls were found. female persons who survived cancer were in education more often than male persons who survived cancer. Conclusions:Persons who survived cancer experienced reduced labor-force participation and working hours 9 years after diagnosis, and the reduction was more pronounced for women than for men. Working patterns were also different between genders and between persons who survived cancer and controlspublishedVersio

Impact of proton pump inhibitor treatment on gastrointestinal bleeding associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use among post-myocardial infarction patients taking antithrombotics: nationwide study

Study question What is the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in post-myocardial infarction patients taking antithrombotics and treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)? Methods This was a nationwide cohort study based on linked administrative registry data from all hospitals in Denmark between 1997 and 2011. The study included patients aged 30 years and over admitted with a first myocardial infarction who survived at least 30 days after discharge. The association between PPIs and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding according to NSAID plus antithrombotic therapy was estimated using adjusted time dependent Cox regression models. Study answer and limitations The use of PPIs was independently associated with decreased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in post-myocardial infarction patients taking antithrombotics and treated with NSAIDs. Of 82 955 post-myocardial infarction patients (mean age 67.4 years, 64% (n=53 070) men), all of whom were taking single or dual antithrombotic therapy, 42.5% (n=35 233) filled at least one prescription for NSAIDs and 45.5% (n=37 771) received PPIs. Over a mean follow-up of 5.1 years, 3229 gastrointestinal bleeds occurred. The crude incidence rates of bleeding (events/100 person years) on NSAID plus antithrombotic therapy were 1.8 for patients taking PPIs and 2.1 for those not taking PPIs. The adjusted risk of bleeding was lower with PPI use (hazard ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.54 to 0.95) regardless of antithrombotic treatment regimen, type of NSAID, and type of PPI used. The main limitation of the study is its observational non-randomised design. The results suggest that PPI treatment probably has a beneficial effect regardless of underlying gastrointestinal risk and that when NSAIDs cannot be avoided in post-myocardial infarction patients, physicians might prescribe a PPI as well. The study does not clarify whether PPIs might be safely omitted in specific subgroups of patients with a low risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. What this study adds In post-myocardial infarction patients, bleeding complications have been associated with both antithrombotic and NSAID treatment. Concurrent use of PPIs was independently associated with a decreased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in post-myocardial infarction patients taking antithrombotics and NSAID, regardless of antithrombotic treatment regimen, type of NSAID, and type of PPI used. Funding, competing interests, data sharing AMSO has received a grant from the Danish Council of Independent Research (grant 12-132760). GHG is supported by an unrestricted research scholarship from the Novo Nordisk Foundation

THE LINK BETWEEN STAKEHOLDER POWER AND VALUE CREATION IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

ABSTRACT This paper presents a study on what effect stakeholder power has on value creation in construction projects. Fourteen main sources of power in organizations, described by Morgan, form the analytic framework. The ambition is to identify 1) how the distribution of power between the main stakeholders is, 2) which sources of power are most common in a construction project organization, 3) which effect the sources of power have on value creation in projects. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews. Experienced representatives from four main stakeholders in early phase of construction projects (owner, architect, design manager and project manager) were interviewed. The collected data through the interviews was coded, analyzed and linked to the literature study. The results reveals that 10 of 14 sources of power are identified as common sources of power in construction project organizations. Out of the ten, control of knowledge & information and formal authority are rated as the most influential sources of power. Apparently, all main stakeholders can possess these two sources. Rhetorical skills -which is not among the fourteen main sources described by Morgan -turn out to be an underrated and complex source of power. The LCI triangle model suggests that all project delivery systems have three basic domains whining which they operate i) organization, ii) the project´s "Operating system" and iii) the commercial terms binding the participants. These are equally important and should be aligned for the system to be coherent. Power is one of the main elements in organizational affairs that effect transparency and decision processes. There is a knowledge gap in how the power can affect the processes in project organization and which effects it can have on the projects´ overall value creation

Perhevapaat 2013 -väestökyselyn toteutus : Tiedonkeruu, aineiston edustavuus ja perustietoja vastaajista

Perhevapaat 2013 -väestökysely on Kelan tutkimusosaston ja Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitoksen (THL) Politiikan seuranta- ja vaikuttavuusyksikön yhteydessä toteuttama laaja väestökysely. Kyselyn kohderyhmänä olivat vuonna 2011 lapsen saaneet äidit ja isät. Kysely oli kolmas osa vastaavien kyselyiden sarjaa, joista aiemmat on toteutettu vuosina 2001 ja 2006. Tämänkertainen kysely toteutettiin ensimmäistä kertaa täysin sähköisesti kun taas aiemmat ovat olleet perinteisiä paperikyselyitä. Kyselyn perusjoukon muodostivat vuonna 2011 lapsen saaneet äidit ja isät, jotka olivat käyttäneet vanhempainpäivärahoja eli äitiys-, isyys- tai vanhempainrahaa kyseisestä lapsesta, joille löytyi Kelaan ilmoitettu sähköpostiosoite ja jotka asuivat kyselyhetkellä Suomessa. Sähköpostiosoite löytyi kaikkiaan 75,7 prosentille etuuksia käyttäneistä äideistä ja 68,3 prosentille etuuksia käyttäneistä isistä. Otannan yhteydessä äidit jaettiin kolmeen ryhmään, perusotoksen äiteihin, monikkoäiteihin ja 18–22-vuotiaisiin nuoriin äiteihin. Perusotoksen äidit muodostavat aineiston perustan ja tästä ryhmästä tehtyyn otokseen kuului kaikkiaan 6 914 äitiä. Perusotoksen äitien lisäksi erillisaineistoja varten kyselyyn otettiin mukaan kaikki monikkoäidit ja nuorten äitien ryhmää kasvatettiin täydennysotoksilla. Kyselyyn tuli mukaan kaikkiaan 8 297 äitiä. Isien puolella isäotoksen koko oli 6 781 isää. Otos toteutettiin jakamalla isät ensin kahteen ryhmään käytettyjen perhevapaapäivien mukaan ja ottamalla näistä ositteista omat otoksensa. Äitien perusotoksessa kyselyn vastausaste oli 44,1, monikkoäideillä 38,4 ja nuorilla äideillä 34,6 prosenttia. Isien vastausaste oli 32,3 prosenttia. Äitiaineistojen edustavuus on hyvä ja sitä tullaan käyttämään varsinaisissa analyyseissä sellaisenaan, kun taas isäkyselyssä enemmän vanhempainpäivärahoja käyttäneet isät olivat aktiivisempia vastaamaan kuin vähän vanhempainpäivärahoja käyttäneet. Isäaineistossa ryhmien suhteelliset osuudet painotettiin vastaamaan perusjoukkoa. Kyselyllä saadaan paljon tietoa suomalaisista pienten lasten perheistä. Voimme kuvailla perheitä, saada tietoa syistä, miksi perheet tekivät erilaisia lapsenhoitovalintoja ja saada tietoa perheiden mielipiteistä liittyen perhevapaajärjestelmään. Esimerkiksi perusäitien kyselyssä ja isäkyselyssä saadut vastaukset olivat hyvin samankaltaisia, kun tarkasteltiin vastaajien käsitystä perheen toimeentulosta, omista tai puolison tuloista sekä perhevapaiden käytöstä. Runsaat 40 prosenttia sekä äideistä että isistä oli puolestaan sitä mieltä, että tuolloinen mahdollisuus myöhentää isäkuukautta vaikutti ainakin jonkin verran siihen, että isät käyttivät oikeuttaan. Sen sijaan isät olivat äitejä hieman useammin valmiita kehittämään perhevapaajärjestelmää. Mielipiteet, jotka koskivat päivähoito-oikeuksien rajaamista, jakautuivat työttömyystaustan mukaan. Vastaajat, joiden perheessä oli työttömyyttä, suhtautuivat muita kielteisemmin päivähoito-oikeuksien rajoittamiseen. Mielipiteisiin eri aiheista vaikuttaa niin vastaajien ja heidän perheidensä tilanne kuin heidän kokemuksensa näistä järjestelmistä. Lapsiperheet ovat erilaisia ja niiden joukossa on useita erilaisia ryhmiä. Kyselyaineistoja analysoitaessa on tärkeää huomioida nämä tekijät.2., korjattu painos (16.3.2017