オホーツクカイ エンガン ノトロコ ノ 2008ネン ケッピョウキ ニ オケル カイヨウ カンキョウ ト クロロフィル a ノ ドウタイ

オホーツク海は漁業資源の豊かな海として知られるが,冬季,海氷に覆われるときの調査研究例はきわめて少ない。その要因としてオホーツク海の海氷の大半は流氷であり,調査が困難であることがあげられる。そこで,本研究では定着氷に着目し,道東オホーツク沿岸域にある能取湖で2008年2月6日から3月18日にかけての結氷期に調査を実施した。本研究の結果,海氷中の積算クロロフィルa量は,2月中は海氷の成長にともない増加し,3月に減少する傾向を示した。特に2月29日から3月10日にかけては,急激に積算クロロフィルa量が減少した。一方,水柱の積算クロロフィルa量は8.7-119.1mg/m^2の範囲にあり,調査期間中増加する傾向にあった。特に3月18日には急激な増加がみられ調査期間中最大値となった。2008年の結氷期は3月10日前後を境として,海氷生成期から融解期にシフトしたと考えられる。積算クロロフィルa量は,海氷生成期には約25%は海氷中に存在し,融解期では95%以上が水柱に存在し,このシフトによって一次生産の生産構造に変化が起こったことが示唆された。海氷と水柱の値を合算した総積算クロロフィルa量は,2月6日から3月10日までの海氷生成期間には10.9-46.6mg/m^2,海氷融解期である3月18日は121.5mg/m^2であった。2007年の非結氷期の積算クロロフィルa量と比較すると,前者は8月から12月の積算クロロフィルa量の少ない期間と同程度であり,後者は4月下旬から5月上旬の比較的積算クロロフィルa量が多いときを上回る値であった。すなわち,弱光環境に適応したアイスアルジーや植物プランクトンが,能取湖の結氷期のクロロフィルa量に寄与していることが推察された。Lagoon Notoro-ko located in northeast Hokkaido, is connected to the Okhotsk Sea by an artificial channel and there are few incoming rivers. This lagoon is covered with sea ice during winter and early spring. So we conducted an investigation of temporal changing of oceanographic conditions and chlorophyll a in sea ice and water column from February 6 to March 18 in 2008. The quantity of integrated chlorophyll a in sea ice increased with the growth of sea ice during February and showed a tendency to decrease in March. Especially, the integrated quantity of chlorophyll a in sea ice sharply decreased upto March 10 (1.5mg/m^2) from February 29 (10.1mg/m^2). On the other hand, the quantity of integrated chlorophyll a of the water column tended to increase. A remarkable increase was found on March 18 (119.1mg/m^2) from March 10 (43.7mg/m^2). It is thought that the sea ice of the Lagoon Notoro-ko shifted around March 10 as the boundary for the melting phase from the product phase. The total quantity of integrated chlorophyll a was 10.9-46.6mg/m^2 for the sea ice product phase (February 6 to March 10) and 121.5mg/m^2 for the sea ice melting phase (March 18). The former was at the same level as the period with a small quantity of integrated chlorophyll a from August to December, and the latter value was more at the time when there was relatively much more integrated chlorophyll a in the beginning of May from the end of April. It was suguessed that ice algae and the phytoplankton which adapted to the low light environment contributed to the quantity of chlorophyll a in the freezing period of the Lagoon Notoro-ko

オホーツクエンガン カイセキコ ノトロコ ニ オケル イチジセイサントクセイ -サイズベツ クロロフィル a ト ヨウゾンタイムキチッソ ノ ドウタイ-

オホーツク海と湖口部でつながり,潮汐変動により湖水交換が行われる能取湖にて2007-2009年,一次生産の特性を把握することを目的に調査研究を実施し,サイズ別クロロフィルaと溶存態無機窒素に着目し検討した。本研究の結果,能取湖のクロロフィルaは,基本的には10m以上の大型の画分により構成され,特に春季の底層で高い値を示した。しかし,春季に高濃度のクロロフィルaが観測された後(5,6月)や冬季には小型の画分のクロロフィルa濃度が高くなる現象もみられた。溶存態無機窒素は,調査期間中,アンモニア態窒素が優占し,特に成層期の底層で高濃度に分布していた。このことは,能取湖はアンモニア態窒素が硝酸態窒素へと酸化される前に植物プランクトンが利用する環境にあることが推察された。一方,冬季には外海水の影響と推察される硝酸態窒素が優占する現象も確認された。これらの変動は,湖口でつながるオホーツク海から流入する外海水の勢力による変動,気象の変化にともなう表面加熱・表面冷却による水柱の成層と対流による変動,そして半閉鎖的環境による集積効果,これらが複雑に組み合わされることによりもたらされていることが示唆された。Lagoon Notoroko is connected to the Okhotsk Sea by an artificial channel so the water mass of this lagoon has been exchanged by tidal movement and little river water flows into this lagoon. Therefore, the lagoon is assumed to be a saltwater lagoon and seasonal change of environmental conditions in the lagoon have been affected by the coastal waters of the Okhotsk Sea. Size-fractionated chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic Nitrogen were measured in this lagoon from 2007 through 2009. The chlorophyll a was basically comprised by large-sized phytoplankton (more than 10m). However, the small-sized phytoplankton (<2 and 2-10m fraction) might be found at high concentrations after spring bloom and/or in the winter season so the influence of open-sea water might be strongly seen. It was notable that ammonium nitrogen concentration existed most in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Especially, concentrated ammonium has been distributed in the bottom water. Ammonium was an easily assimilable nutrients for phyotoplankton which was the primary producer in the marine ecosystem. It was suggested that these changes of concentrations of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and DIN were constructed by the variation of the inflow of water mass from Okhotsk Sea, the change of the stratification and convection of the water column with the change of the temperature and the cumulus effect of semi-enclosed environment

Distinguishing the cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profile in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus from other autoimmune neurological diseases

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a serious complication in SLE. Although the mechanism of NPSLE remains unclear, cytokines and chemokines are considered to be involved in their pathogenesis. Here we used Bio-Plex Pro assays to examine 27 types of cytokines and chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 32 NPSLE patients. We used the CSF of 20 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 22 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) as a disease control group. Fourteen of 27 cytokines/chemokines were significantly higher in the NPSLE patients compared to the MS/NMO patients. We could identify six "minimum predictive markers" by using a weighted-voting algorithm that could distinguish NPSLE from MS and NMO: interleukin (IL)-17, IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-5, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-basic and IL-15. The determination of various types of CSF cytokine profiles may contribute to the diagnosis of NPSLE and may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying this disease

Utility of a simplified ultrasonography scoring system among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter cohort study

ABSTRACT: We aimed to evaluate the utility of a simplified ultrasonography (US) scoring system, which is desired in daily clinical practice, among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).A total of 289 Japanese patients with RA who were started on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, abatacept, tocilizumab, or Janus kinase inhibitors between June 2013 and April 2019 at one of the 15 participating rheumatology centers were reviewed. We performed US assessment of articular synovia over 22 joints among bilateral wrist and finger joints, and the 22-joint (22j)-GS and 22-joint (22j)-PD scores were evaluated as an indicator of US activity using the sum of the GS and PD scores, respectively.The top 6 most affected joints included the bilateral wrist and second/third metacarpophalangeal joints. Therefore, 6-joint (6j)-GS and -PD scores were defined as the sum of the GS and PD scores from the 6 synovial sites over the aforementioned 6 joints, respectively. Although the 22j- or 6j-US scores were significantly correlated with DAS28-ESR or -CRP scores, the correlations were weak. Conversely, 6j-US scores were significantly and strongly correlated with 22j-US scores not only at baseline but also after therapy initiation.Using a multicenter cohort data, our results indicated that a simplified US scoring system could be adequately tolerated during any disease course among patients with RA receiving biological/targeted synthetic DMARDs

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Association of Socioeconomic Status Assessed by Areal Deprivation With Cancer Incidence and Detection by Screening in Miyagi, Japan Between 2005 and 2010

Background: Previous studies have shown that socioeconomic factors are associated with cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis; however, relevant findings in Japan are limited. We examined the association between socioeconomic status and cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and detection status by screening, as assessed using the areal deprivation index (ADI), in population-based cancer registry data. Methods: A total of 79,816 cases, including stomach, colorectal, lung, female breast, and cervical cancer diagnosed in Miyagi Prefecture between 2005 and 2010, were analyzed. After calculating the ADI at the place of residence in each case, we examined the association between quintiles of ADI and age-adjusted incidence rates of all stages and advanced stages by sex and site using Poisson regression analysis. The association between the ADI and the proportion of screen-detected cancers was also examined using logistic regression analysis. Results: The age-adjusted incidence rates of all sites and lung cancer in men and lung cancer and cervical cancer in women tended to increase significantly in areas with a higher ADI. The age-adjusted incidence rates of advanced-stage cancers were significantly higher for all sites and lung cancer in both sexes, and for stomach and colorectal cancer in men. The proportion of screen-detected cancer tended to be significantly lower in areas with a higher ADI for stomach and colorectal cancer in men. Conclusion: Our results indicate that socioeconomic disparities may affect cancer incidence and early diagnosis in Japan. These results suggest the importance of cancer control measures targeting people with low socioeconomic status in Japan

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed massive small intestinal hemorrhaging during treatment for chronic lupus peritonitis

A 50-year-old Japanese woman, a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with chronic lupus peritonitis, developed massive small intestinal hemorrhaging. She was treated with intravenous pulse of methylprednisolone, intravenous pulse of cyclophosphamide (IVCY), and immunoabsorption, but the peritonitis was refractory to these treatments. Subsequently, she was treated with oral corticosteroid and tacrolimus, and received IVCY monthly, but she developed massive small intestinal hemorrhaging 1 year after. Abdominal angiography detected multiple bleeding sites from the jejunal and ileal arteries. After transarterial embolization treatment, the melena disappeared. The pathology of this case appeared to be lupus mesenteric vasculitis