Adenocarcinoma of the appendix — case study

The following study presents the case of a 58-year-old woman who was diagnosed, during the diagnosis of an ovarian tumor, with mucous metastatic adenocarcinoma of the appendix. Due to the severity of the disease and the low degree of differentiation of the cancer, the treatment of the patient required a continuous and intensive systemic treatment lasting three years. A significant role in the course of the disease was also played by surgical interventions, since the patient underwent 4 reoperations due to local recurrence. The history of the disease is an example of the problems in the therapy and diagnosis of atypical tumors resulting from non-specific symptoms and different evolution of the disease

Optimal treatment of patients affected by castration-resistant prostate — a case study

W pracy przedstawiono opis przypadku 64-letniego mężczyzny leczonego z powodu raka gruczołu krokowego od 2000 roku. Na przykładzie pacjenta przedstawiono ewolucję postępowania terapeutycznego od choroby zlokalizowanej przez zaawansowaną wrażliwą na hormonoterapię do raka stercza opornego na kastrację. Do chwili obecnej uzyskano u pacjenta ponad 14-letnie przeżycie pod wpływem stosowania różnych metod leczenia (prostatektomia, hormonoterapia, radioterapia, chemioterapia).The following thesis presents a case study of 64-year old patient affected by prostate cancer who has been subjected to treatment since 2000. This specific example shows the progression of therapeutic procedure starting from the phase of localized disease through the advanced hormonal therapy responsive phase to the stage of castration-resistant prostate. So far, over 14-year span of survival has been gained by means of implementing various methods of treatment including prostatectomy, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy

Gruczolakorak wyrostka robaczkowego

Przedstawiono przypadek 58-letniej kobiety z rozpoznanym w diagnostyce guza jajnika przerzutowym gruczolako­rakiem śluzowym wyrostka robaczkowego. Ze względu na zaawansowanie choroby oraz niski stopień zróżnicowania nowotworu leczenie pacjentki wymagało trwającej 3 lata ciągłej i intensywnej terapii systemowej. Znaczącą rolę w przebiegu choroby odgrywały również interwencje chirurgiczne, gdyż pacjentka przeszła 4 reoperacje z powodu wznowy miejscowej. Historia choroby tej chorej jest przykładem problemów w terapii i diagnostyce nietypowych nowotworów wynikających z ich niespecyficznych objawów oraz odmiennej ewolucji choroby

TP53 polymorphism in plasma cell myeloma

Introduction. Significant and accessible predictive factors for bortezomib treatment in plasma cell myeloma (PCM) are still lacking. TP53 codon 72 polymorphism (P72R) results in proline (P) or arginine (R) at 72 amino acid position, which causes synthesis of proteins with distinct functions. The aims of our study were to: 1) analyze whether this polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of PCM; 2) study whether the P72R polymorphism affects overall survival (OS) among PCM patients; 3) assess the possible association of the P72R polymorphism with sensitivity to bortezomib in cell cultures derived from PCM patients. Material and methods. Genomic DNA from newly diagnosed 59 patients (without IgVH gene rearrangements and TP53 deletions) and 50 healthy blood donors were analyzed by RFLP-PCR to identify TP53 polymorphism. Chromosomal aberrations were detected by use of cIg-FISH. The lymphocyte cell cultures from a subgroup of 40 PCM patients were treated with bortezomib (1, 2 and 4 nM). Results. The P allele of the P72R polymorphism was more common than the R allele in PMC patients compared to controls (39% vs. 24%), and the difference was significant (p = 0.02). The PP and PR genotypes (in combina­tion) were more frequent among cases than in controls (65% vs. 42%, OR = 2.32, p = 0.04). At the cell culture level and 2 nM bortezomib concentration the PP genotype was associated with higher necrosis rates (10.5%) compared to the PR genotype (5.7%, p = 0.006) or the RR genotype (6.3%, p = 0.02); however, no effect of genotypes was observed at bortezomib concentrations of 1 and 4 nM. The shortest OS (12 months) was observed in patients with the PP genotype compared to patients with the PR or RR genotypes (20 months) (p = 0.04). Conclusions. The results suggest that P72R polymorphisms may be associated with an increased PCM risk and may affect OS of PCM patients. However, we saw no consistent results of the polymorphism effect on apoptosis and necrosis in cell cultures derived from PCM patients. Further studies are need in this regard

We Do Not Like It: A Likert-Type Scale Survey on the Attitudes of a Young Population towards the Transhumanistic Theory of Education

Transhumanists assume that future education may be purely based on technological stimulation. The question is: Do potential clients of education “like” such vision? In order to check this, we asked over one thousand two hundred young Poles to evaluate their identification with the transhumanistic theory of education. The results are quite surprising: its show that they disagree with the assumptions of this theory, while they rather agree with the postulates of more traditional (and no technology-based) concepts of education

Working group on ecosystem assessment of Western European shelf seas (WGEAWESS)

The ICES Working Group on Ecosystem Assessment of Western European Shelf Seas (WGEA-WESS) aims to provide high quality science in support to holistic, adaptive, evidence-based man-agement in the Celtic seas, Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast regions. The group works towards developing integrated ecosystem assessments for both the (i) Celtic Seas and (ii) Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast which are summarized in the Ecosystem Overviews (EOs) advice products that were recently updated. Integrated Trend Analysis (ITA) were performed for multiple sub-ecoregions and used to develop an understanding of ecosystem responses to pressures at varying spatial scales. Ecosystem models (primarily Ecopath with Ecosim; EwE) were developed and identified for fisheries and spatial management advice. The updated Celtic Seas EO represents a large step forward for EOs, with the inclusion of novel sections on climate change, foodweb and productivity, the first application of the new guidelines for building the conceptual diagram, inclusion of socio-economic indicators, and progress made toward complying with the Transparent Assessment Framework (TAF). We highlight ongoing issues relevant to the development and communication of EO conceptual diagrams. A common methodology using dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was used to perform ITA in a comparable way for seven subregions. This was supported by the design and compilation of the first standardized cross-regional dataset. A comparison of the main trends evidenced among subregions over the period 1993–2020 was conducted and will be published soon. A list of available and developing EWE models for the region was also generated. Here, we re-port on the advances in temporal and spatial ecosystem modelling, such as their capacity to model the impacts of sector activities (e.g. renewables and fisheries) and quantify foodweb indi-cators. We also reflect on model quality assessment with the key run of the Irish sea EwE model. The group highlighted the hurdles and gaps in current models in support of EBM, such as the choice of a relevant functional, spatial, and temporal scales and the impacts of model structure on our capacity to draw comparisons from models of different regions. The group aims to ad-dress these issues in coming years and identify routes for ecosystem model derived information into ICES advice.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of miRSNPs associated with the risk of multiple myeloma

Accepted articleMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells usually infiltrating the bone marrow, associated with the production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein) which can be detected in the blood and/or urine. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors are involved in MM pathogenesis, and several studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the susceptibility to the disease. SNPs within miRNA-binding sites in target genes (miRSNPs) may alter the strength of miRNA-mRNA interactions, thus deregulating protein expression. MiRSNPs are known to be associated with risk of various types of cancer, but they have never been investigated in MM. We performed an in silico genome-wide search for miRSNPs predicted to alter binding of miRNAs to their target sequences. We selected 12 miRSNPs and tested their association with MM risk. Our study population consisted of 1,832 controls and 2,894 MM cases recruited from seven European countries and Israel in the context of the IMMEnSE (International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch) consortium. In this population two SNPs showed an association with p<0.05: rs286595 (located in gene MRLP22) and rs14191881 (located in gene TCF19). Results from IMMEnSE were meta-analyzed with data from a previously published genome-wide association study (GWAS). The SNPs rs13409 (located in the 3UTR of the POU5F1 gene), rs1419881 (TCF19), rs1049633, rs1049623 (both in DDR1) showed significant associations with MM risk. In conclusion, we sought to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with MM risk starting from genome-wide prediction of miRSNPs. For some mirSNPs, we have shown promising associations with MM risk. What's new? Even though deregulation of miRNA expression has been associated with human cancers little information is available regarding their relation with MM susceptibility. We performed an in silico genome-wide search for miRSNPs and selected the most promising ones for an association study. The SNPs with the strongest associations with MM risk are localized in genes which have never been related with MM.This work was partially funded by: intramural funds of German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Grant ref. HUS412A1271 from the “Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y Léon”. This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Spain; PI12/02688). Catalan Government DURSI grant 2014SGR647 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co7funded by FEDER funds –a way to build Europe– grants PI11701439 and PIE13/00022info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Studium kontroli na podstawie powieści ,,Ćpun" Williama S. Burroughsa

W mojej pracy omówiona została powieść Williama S. Burroughsa ,,Ćpun” jako przedstawienie świata narkomanów, których życie kontrolowane jest przez uzależnienie od narkotyków. Pierwsze dwa rozdziały przybliżają sylwetkę pisarza oraz epokę, w której powstała powieść. Trzeci rozdział pracy zawiera analizę powieści Williama S. Burroughsa, w tym wątków dotyczących uzależnienia od narkotyków i motywu kontroli. Długi czas brania substancji halucynogennych formuje u ludzi uzależnienie, które zmienia ich nawyki, zachowanie, stan fizyczny i psychiczny, a także zaburza potrzeby, kontakty społeczne, wyższe wartości, a nawet poczucie moralności. W wyniku zmian zachodzących w ich życiu, narkomani izolują się od ludzi i formują subkulturę skupioną wyłącznie na braniu narkotyków, która w pewnym stopniu destabilizuje społeczeństwo. Wiele osób uzależnionych ostatecznie podejmuje decyzję o rzuceniu nałogu, gdy ten doszczętnie niszczy ich życie, lecz siła z jaką narkotyk kontroluje narkomanów jest czasami tak wielka, iż jedyną ucieczką od jego wpływu jest samobójstwo. Co więcej, społeczeństwo wykorzystuje substancje halucynogenne jako narzędzie do kontroli osób uzależnionych. Poprzez narkotyki, ludzie z wyższych warstw społecznych wywierają wpływ na narkomanów, czego celem jest czerpanie zysków finansowych oraz egzekwowanie władzy. Tym samym środki halucynogenne odgrywają istotną rolę w życiu osób uzależnionych, będąc głównym źródłem zaspokajania ich potrzeb, oraz wpływając na ich osobowość i miejsce w społeczeństwie.This thesis discusses William S. Burroughs' Junky as a depiction of the world of drug addicts, who are controlled by their addictions. The first two chapters introduce the author's biography and the movement in which the novel was written. The third chapter of the thesis focuses on the theme of control and the use of drugs in William S. Burroughs' novel. The extended period of using hallucinogens results in developing an addiction, which controls people's habits, behaviour, mental and physical state, and lifestyle. The life of an addict is driven by the urge to take more drugs, which results in the distortion of the most intrinsic needs, social bonds, values, and even the sense of morality. Due to these alternations in their life, the addicts get themselves detached from the public and form a subculture concentrated merely on using drugs, which to some extent destabilizes the society. Many people eventually decide to get off drugs when their life undergoes a significant deterioration, but the narcotics' control over the addicts is sometimes so strong that the only escape from their influence is suicide. In addition, drugs are also the tools used by the society to control drug addicts. By means of narcotics, many authorities influence the addicts either to gain power or make a financial profit. Thus, hallucinogens play an important role in the addicts' life, becoming the centre of their needs, affecting their personality and their place in the society

Skonstruowana, Zaburzona i Zniszczona: Studium Rzeczywistości w Powieściach Ubik i VALIS Philipa K. Dicka

W powieściach Ubik i VALIS, Philip K. Dick przygląda się naturze rzeczywistości i siłom odpowiedzialnym zarówno za jej tworzenie, jak i niszczenie. Moc stworzenia buduje sztuczne rzeczywistości, które następnie zostają rozbite wskutek wzrostu entropii, szaleństwa i biologicznego rozkładu. Główni bohaterowie powieści Philipa K. Dicka dążą do zespolenia oddzielonych fragmentów rzeczywistości i odkrycia prawdy dotyczącej świata, lecz zawodzą w swych staraniach. Ich rzeczywistości są bowiem zniszczone poza jakąkolwiek możliwość naprawy, a świat ogarnięty jest chaosem i brakiem racjonalności. W powieści Ubik kilka oddzielnych rzeczywistości składa jedno nieuporządkowane multiwersum, natomiast w VALIS to główny protagonista tworzy własne, zachwiane rzeczywistości będące odpowiednikiem aspektów jego własnego umysłu. Celem mojej pracy jest dogłębna analiza procesów zarówno tworzących, odkrywających, jak i niszczących rzeczywistość w wybranych powieściach Philipa K. Dicka, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sił zespalających i chaosu.In his novels Ubik and VALIS, Philip K. Dick explores the nature of reality and forces which are responsible for its construction and destruction. The creative powers manufacture artificial realities, which are subsequently shattered by the unstoppable growth of entropy, madness, and biological decay. The main characters of Dick’s selected novels aim to unify their split realities and reveal the hidden truth about their world, but fail in their endeavors. Their realities are broken beyond repair, and their world is governed by chaos and irrationality. In Ubik, several split realities create one, disarranged multiverse, while in VALIS it is the main protagonist who creates his own, disturbed versions of reality, which are the mirror image of his psyche. The aim of my thesis is to analyze the processes which create, reveal, and destroy realities in Philip K. Dick’s selected novels, with the main focus on the powers of unification and chaos

The proof of the translation process is in the reading of the target text: An eyetracking reception study

This article is an attempt to bridge the divide between translation process research (TPR) which has investigated how translators as specialised bilingual professionals use their expertise to translate texts and translation reception which explores how the texts are read and received by the target language readers. Over the last thirty years, TPR has provided empirically grounded findings to demonstrate the complexity of the cognitive processes in the translator's mind but much less empirical interest has been paid to how translated texts are read and processed by the readers. To redress this imbalance, we hypothesise that the cognitive effort invested in reading a translated text can be taken as proof of how successful the translation process has been. We report on an exploratory study in which two groups of participants read a high-quality and a low-quality translation of the same text while their eye movements were recorded by an eyetracker. We compare the readers' cognitive effort indexed by character-adjusted dwell time, number of runs and re-reading in the second and third run with the translators' character-adjusted cognitive effort invested in producing the target texts. The results show that the relationship between the translation process and the reading experience is not straightforward and depends on the quality of the target text