449 research outputs found

    Las Enfermedades Emergentes Desatendidas. Situación Nacional e Internacional

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    Las Enfermedades Desatendidas (ED) son un grupo de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias que secaracterizan por una inversión históricamente baja del sector farmacéutico y que afectan principalmente a laspoblaciones que viven en condiciones socioeconómicas de pobreza, con bajos ingresos y nivel educativo,vivienda precaria, carencia de acceso a servicios básicos como agua potable y saneamiento básico, en zonasde conflicto o en condiciones ambientales deterioradas, con escaso acceso a los servicios de salud. LaOrganización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha clasificado a 17 enfermedades infecciosas dentro de este grupo,donde cuatro de ellas, son consideradas, además, como Enfermedades Emergentes y Re-emergentes. Estasson: cisticercosis, rabia, enfermedad de Chagas y dengue. La OMS recomienda cinco estrategias de SaludPública para prevenir y controlar este grupo de enfermedades. Estos son: quimioterapia preventiva, manejointensificado de los casos, control de vectores, provisión de agua segura y estrategias de Salud Pública. Chileha logrado controlar algunas de estas enfermedades, a través de la implementación de algunas o varias deestas estrategias. Es así como, en el caso de la enfermedad de Chagas nuestro país ha logrado la interrupciónde la transmisión vectorial, a nivel domiciliario en el año 1999 y en el caso de la rabia, el último casoregistrado en humanos data del año 1996.  

    Entropy, fidelity, and double orthogonality for resonance states in two-electron quantum dots

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    Resonance states of a two-electron quantum dot are studied using a variational expansion with both real basis-set functions and complex scaling methods. The two-electron entanglement (linear entropy) is calculated as a function of the electron repulsion at both sides of the critical value, where the ground (bound) state becomes a resonance (unbound) state. The linear entropy and fidelity and double orthogonality functions are compared as methods for the determination of the real part of the energy of a resonance. The complex linear entropy of a resonance state is introduced using complex scaling formalism

    Exponentially accurate semiclassical asymptotics of low-lying eigenvalues for 2×2 matrix Schrödinger operators

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    AbstractWe consider a simple molecular-type quantum system in which the nuclei have one degree of freedom and the electrons have two levels. The Hamiltonian has the form H(ɛ)=−ɛ42∂2∂y2+h(y),where h(y) is a 2×2 real symmetric matrix. Near a local minimum of an electron level E(y) that is not at a level crossing, we construct quasimodes that are exponentially accurate in the square of the Born–Oppenheimer parameter ɛ by optimal truncation of the Rayleigh–Schrödinger series. That is, we construct Eɛ and Ψɛ, such that ‖Ψɛ‖=O(1) and ‖(H(ɛ)−Eɛ)Ψɛ‖<Λexp(−Γ/ɛ2), where Γ>0

    Contribution of each leg in the static postural stability of unilateral transtibial amputees, a study with Information Theory

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    Introduction: Transtibial amputees tend to isolate themselves because they lack confidence in performing daily tasks; rehabilitation processes such as the use of prostheses are carried out for their social reintegration, where postural stability must be ensured, and activities allowed in diverse contexts. Objective: Verify the contribution of each leg and direction (anterior/posterior and medial/lateral) of the center of pressure (CoP) in the static postural stability of unilateral transtibial amputees due to landmines using information theory. Methodology: A quantitative experimental design was applied to examine the displacement and velocity of the CoP using infometric measurements in nine transtibial amputees, and the non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test was applied to recognize statistically notable differences (p &lt;0.05) between each leg. Results: There are statistically notable differences between the legs in the variables of displacement and velocity. Each leg contributes differently to the control of the static bipedal posture, and their behavior in the directions of movement of the CoP differs from each other, but they work together to generate compensation strategies that allow maintaining stability.&nbsp; Conclusions: The use of information theory made it possible to evaluate stability objectively, without specifying the kind of relationship between this and the input variables, which favored the recognition of the CoP shift as its best discriminant in comparison with velocity. Transtibial amputees control static bipedal posture with the non-amputated leg to compensate for the loss of lower leg afferents and efferents due to the amputation. The results demonstrate the suitability of using information theory in the evaluation of lateralized postural control in pathological conditions.Introducción: Los amputados transtibiales tienden a aislarse porque carecen de confianza al ejecutar tareas cotidianas, para su reintegración social se efectúan procesos de rehabilitación como el uso de prótesis, donde se asegura estabilidad postural para realizar diversas actividades. Objetivo: Verificar la contribución de cada pierna y cada dirección (antero-posterior, medio-lateral) del Centro de Presión (CoP) en la estabilidad estática postural de amputados transtibiales. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional en nueve amputados transtibiales unilaterales para examinar el desplazamiento y la velocidad del CoP usando medidas infométricas, y se utilizó el test de U Mann-Whitney(p&lt;0.05) para identificar diferencias entre cada pierna. Resultados: Cada pierna contribuye de diferente manera en el control de la postura bípeda estática y su comportamiento en las direcciones de movimiento del CoP difieren entre sí; pero trabajan en conjunto para generar estrategias de compensación para mantener la estabilidad. Conclusiones: La teoría de la información (TI) de Shannon permitió evaluar de forma objetiva la estabilidad, sin precisar la clase de relación existente entre las variables, lo que favoreció el reconocimiento del desplazamiento del CoP como discriminante de la estabilidad. Los amputados transtibiales controlan la postura bípeda estática con la pierna no amputada para compensar la pérdida de los aferentes y eferentes debido a la amputación. Los resultados demuestran la idoneidad de utilizar TI en la evaluación del control postural lateralizado en condiciones patológicas. La investigación presente aporta en la comprensión de la actividad postural para contribuir en el proceso de rehabilitación física de los amputados

    Aporte de cada pierna en la estabilidad estática postural de amputados transtibiales unilaterales, estudio con teoría de la información

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    Introducción: Los amputados transtibiales tienden a aislarse porque carecen de confianza al ejecutar tareas cotidianas, para su reintegración social se efectúan procesos de rehabilitación como el uso de prótesis, donde se asegura estabilidad postural para realizar diversas actividades. Objetivo: Verificar la contribución de cada pierna y cada dirección (antero-posterior, medio-lateral) del Centro de Presión (CoP) en la estabilidad estática postural de amputados transtibiales. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional en nueve amputados transtibiales unilaterales para examinar el desplazamiento y la velocidad del CoP usando medidas infométricas, y se utilizó el test de U Mann-Whitney(p&lt;0.05) para identificar diferencias entre cada pierna. Resultados: Cada pierna contribuye de diferente manera en el control de la postura bípeda estática y su comportamiento en las direcciones de movimiento del CoP difieren entre sí; pero trabajan en conjunto para generar estrategias de compensación para mantener la estabilidad. Conclusiones: La teoría de la información (TI) de Shannon permitió evaluar de forma objetiva la estabilidad, sin precisar la clase de relación existente entre las variables, lo que favoreció el reconocimiento del desplazamiento del CoP como discriminante de la estabilidad. Los amputados transtibiales controlan la postura bípeda estática con la pierna no amputada para compensar la pérdida de los aferentes y eferentes debido a la amputación. Los resultados demuestran la idoneidad de utilizar TI en la evaluación del control postural lateralizado en condiciones patológicas. La investigación presente aporta en la comprensión de la actividad postural para contribuir en el proceso de rehabilitación física de los amputados.Introduction: Transtibial amputees tend to isolate themselves because they lack confidence in performing daily tasks; rehabilitation processes such as the use of prostheses are carried out for their social reintegration, where postural stability must be ensured, and activities allowed in diverse contexts. Objective: Verify the contribution of each leg and direction (anterior/posterior and medial/lateral) of the center of pressure (CoP) in the static postural stability of unilateral transtibial amputees due to landmines using information theory. Methodology: A quantitative experimental design was applied to examine the displacement and velocity of the CoP using infometric measurements in nine transtibial amputees, and the non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test was applied to recognize statistically notable differences (p &lt;0.05) between each leg. Results: There are statistically notable differences between the legs in the variables of displacement and velocity. Each leg contributes differently to the control of the static bipedal posture, and their behavior in the directions of movement of the CoP differs from each other, but they work together to generate compensation strategies that allow maintaining stability.&nbsp; Conclusions: The use of information theory made it possible to evaluate stability objectively, without specifying the kind of relationship between this and the input variables, which favored the recognition of the CoP shift as its best discriminant in comparison with velocity. Transtibial amputees control static bipedal posture with the non-amputated leg to compensate for the loss of lower leg afferents and efferents due to the amputation. The results demonstrate the suitability of using information theory in the evaluation of lateralized postural control in pathological conditions

    Non glassy ground-state in a long-range antiferromagnetic frustrated model in the hypercubic cell

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    We analize the statistical mechanics of a long-range antiferromagnetic model defined on a D-dimensional hypercube, both at zero and finite temperatures. The associated Hamiltonian is derived from a recently proposed complexity measure of Boolean functions, in the context of neural networks learning processes. We show that, depending of the value of D, the system either presents a low temperature antiferromagnetic stable phase or the global antiferromagnetic order disappears at any temperature. In the last case the ground state is an infinitely degenerated non-glassy one, composed by two equal size anti-aligned antiferromagnetic domains. We also present some results for the ferromagnetic version of the model.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

    Topological Dirac states in asymmetric Pb1-xSnxTe quantum wells

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    The electronic structure of lead-salt (IV-VI semiconductor) topological quantum wells (T-QWs) is investigated with analytical solutions of the effective 4x4 Dimmock k &amp; BULL; p model, which gives an accurate description of the bands around the fundamental energy gap. Specific results for three-layer Pb1-xSnxTe nanostructures with varying Sn composition are presented and the main differences between topological and normal (N) QWs highlighted. A series of new features are found in the spectrum of T-QWs, in particular in asymmetric QWs where large (Rashba spin-orbit) splittings are obtained for the topological Dirac states inside the gap

    Aging in a Two-Dimensional Ising Model with Dipolar Interactions

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    Aging in a two-dimensional Ising spin model with both ferromagnetic exchange and antiferromagnetic dipolar interactions is established and investigated via Monte Carlo simulations. The behaviour of the autocorrelation function C(t,tw)C(t,t_w) is analyzed for different values of the temperature, the waiting time twt_w and the quotient δ=J0/Jd\delta=J_0/J_d, J0J_0 and JdJ_d being the strength of exchange and dipolar interactions respectively. Different behaviours are encountered for C(t,tw)C(t,t_w) at low temperatures as δ\delta is varied. Our results show that, depending on the value of δ\delta, the dynamics of this non-disordered model is consistent either with a slow domain dynamics characteristic of ferromagnets or with an activated scenario, like that proposed for spin glasses.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 5 postscript figures; acknowledgment added and some grammatical corrections in caption
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