THE UNPRECEDENTED COVID-19 EFFECT: SECONDARY TRAUMA IN PATIENTS & STRATEGIES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE

Abstract Whether one is a new graduate from nursing school, a skilled veteran of many crises, or well-versed in trauma, the need to understand COVID-19 secondary trauma cannot be overstated. It reflects on our daily lives, with the flow into our workplaces. Dealing with another’s suffering is not something that most (except a noticeable few) have been trained for. When it comes to communication, many rely on spoken language at the expense of the rest of our communication toolbox. People suffering secondary trauma might withdraw or be resigned to bad behavior to avoid physical harm. One way to support people with secondary trauma stress is through mindfulness techniques based on trauma-sensitive care. There are simple ways healthcare workers can help patients become calm, help connect, and communicate more effectively with others. The purpose of this paper is to provide clinical practice strategies for secondary trauma in patients

Gut microbiota in COVID-19 treatment

A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV-2]), has been causing a COVID-19 pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans since December 2019. It appears to be similar in structure to the virus that caused the SARS-CoV outbreak of 18 years ago. However, in addition to the respiratory disorders, the COVID-19 patients might suffer extra-pulmonary disorders, including gut dysfunction or liver dysfunction complications, which show as gut-lung crosstalk. Fecal specimens should be considered as a source of detection of SARS-CoV-2 as one of the routine diagnostic tests in order to guide hospital\u27s liberation and release of quarantine of patients

Lung cancer and kidney injury: An updated review

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, accounting for an estimated 1.8 million deaths. Lung cancer is also the most common primary cancer leading to soft tissue (ST) metastasis. Renal disease may occur as a direct or indirect consequence of the cancer itself (e.g., post-renal obstruction, compression, or infiltration), its treatment (e.g., radiotherapy or chemotherapy), or its related complications (e.g., opportunistic infection). Existing evidence shows that the most frequent primary solid tumor responsible for renal metastasis is pulmonary carcinoma, followed by gastric, breast, soft tissue, and thyroid carcinomas. Chronic kidney disease is a potential risk factor in the survival of patients with lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss causes of kidney injury in relation to lung cancer, potential mechanisms of kidney injury, and treatment options

Factors Influencing Retention Rates for RN to BSN Students

This descriptive qualitative study uncovers the factors that influence nursing student retention. The focus identifies both positive and negative facets of the online educational program

Antioxidants and cisplatin nephrotoxicity; an updated review on current knowledge

Cisplatin is a first-line antitumor drug which is applied in the therapeutic field of numerous kinds of cancers. The main dose-dependent adverse effect of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity in approximately one-third of patients, who received this drug during their treatment. Oxidative stress is one of the most significant mechanisms in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress stimulates apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial damage within cells, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The administration of an antioxidant in this context could be a suitable approach for preventing of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Antioxidants are categorized into four classes: dietary antioxidants, free radical scavengers, thiol-containing compounds, and iron chelators

Diabetes mellitus and renal failure: Prevention and management.

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are considered as the most common causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this paper, other than presenting the role of DM in ESRD, glucose metabolism and the management of hyperglycemia in these patients are reviewed. Although in several large studies there was no significant relationship found between tight glycemic control and the survival of ESRD patients, it is recommended that glycemic control be considered as the main therapeutic goal in the treatment of these patients to prevent damage to other organs. Glycemic control is perfect when fasting blood sugar is less than 140 mg/dL, 1-h postprandial blood glucose is less than 200 mg/dL, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is 6-7 in patients with type 1 diabetes and 7-8 in patients with type 2 diabetes. Administration of metformin should be avoided in chronic renal failure (CRF) because of lactic acidosis, the potentially fatal complication of metformin, but glipizide and repaglinide seem to be good choices

Antioxidant plants and diabetes mellitus

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly and it is expected to increase by 2030. Other than currently available therapeutic options, there are a lot of herbal medicines, which have been recommended for its treatment. Herbal medicines have long been used for the treatment of DM because of the advantage usually having no or less side-effects. Most of these plants have antioxidant activities and hence, prevent or treat hard curable diseases, other than having the property of combating the toxicity of toxic or other drugs. In this review other than presenting new findings of DM, the plants, which are used and have been evaluated scientifically for the treatment of DM are introduced

Administration of metformin to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy regimen in cancers; a new look to an old drug

Chemotherapeutic agents are still the major and most common therapy to prevent tumor growth. These drugs have various adverse effects in different organs in addition to systemic effects. Finding more specific and effective drugs or new adjuvant therapeutic substance is needed to improve the success rate. Several studies have proposed the possible mechanisms of anti-neoplastic of metformin, however, its exact mechanism is still obscure. The suggested mechanisms are; alteration in the host metabolic environment after administration of metformin, such as decreases in insulin-dependent stimulation of tumor growth or direct effect on cancer cells, such as the impact on adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Metformin, as an adjuvant therapy, synergistically exerts growth inhibitory effects against cell growth and can induce cell apoptosis in an animal model. Adding metformin to the chemotherapy regimen may reduce resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy