PARTIAL NITRITATION OF SYNTHETIC LANDFILL LEACHATE IN AN ATTACHED IMMOBILIZED REACTOR WITH ACRYL FIBER BIOMASS CARRIER

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

(E)-N-[2-(9-Fluorenyl­idene)-3a,5,7-tri­methyl-3,3a-dihydro-2H-indol-3-yl­idene]-2,4,6-trimethyl­aniline

The title compound, C33H30N2, has an E configuration at the imine double bond. The angle between the least-squares planes of the imine C=N—C group and the benzene ring of the 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl substituent is 85.38 (11)°. The crystal structure is sustained mainly by inter­molecular π–π inter­actions (3.510 Å) between the two fluorene rings and some C—H⋯π inter­actions

DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL NITROGEN REMOVAL PROCESS USING ANAMMOX AND PARTIAL NITRITATION AND ITS APPLICABILITY TO LANDFILL LEACHATE

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

9,9′-Dibromo-9,9′-bifluorene

9,9′-Dibromo-9,9′-bifluorene, C26H16Br2, has a gauche conformation about the connecting C—C bond [the Br—C—C—Br torsion angle is 59.39 (16)°]. The crystal structure is sustained mainly by an inter­molecular C—Br⋯π inter­action [3.299 (2) and 3.369 (2) Å] towards the bifluorene aromatic-ring-connecting C—C bond and a weak C—H⋯π inter­action (2.86 and 2.99 Å) between the two aromatic rings

1,1-Bis[4-(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]germetane

The inter­nal C—Ge—C bond angle in the germacyclo­butane ring of the title compound, C17H14F6Ge or [Ge(C3H6)(C7H4F3)2], is 77.8 (3)°. The –CF3 groups display rotational disorder [occupancies 0.604 (14):0.396 (14) and 0.410 (6):0.411 (6):0.179 (3)] and the germacyclo­butane ring also shows disorder [occupancies 0.604 (14):0.396 (14)]

1,3-Bis{[(2,6-di­methyl­phen­yl)sulfan­yl]meth­yl}benzene

The structure of the title compound, C24H26S2, an example of a pincer ligand with an SCS-chelation motif, illustrates the steric effects of the methyl groups in the thio­phenyl rings at the 2- and 6-positions, forcing a dissimilar spatial orientation of the thio­phenyl rings relative to the central aryl group [dihedral angles = 33.58 (7) and 40.49 (7)°]. In the crystal, weak S⋯S contacts [3.4009 (7) Å] link the mol­ecules into inversion dimers.Universidad de Costa Rica/[804-B7-274]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de QuímicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ

航空会社受験支援における大学課外授業の位置づけ

　安田女子大学課外講座の一つとしてCA講座は過去多くのエアライン業界に卒業生を輩出している。この講座の特徴は、学生の自分で考える力を最大限に引き出すことにある。過去のデータ、他エアラインスクールとの比較により、学内講座独自の支援を構築する

Discovery of Self‐Assembling Small Molecules as Vaccine Adjuvants

自己集合性ワクチンアジュバントの発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-10-07.Vaccine ingredients could be hiding in small molecule libraries. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-10-07.Immune potentiators, termed adjuvant, trigger early innate immune responses to ensure the generation of robust and long‐lasting adaptive immune responses of vaccines. Here we present study that takes advantage of a self‐assembling small molecule library for the development of a novel vaccine adjuvant. Cell‐based screening of the library and subsequent structural optimization led to the discovery of a simple, chemically tractable deoxycholate derivative (molecule 6 , also named cholicamide) whose well‐defined nano‐assembly potently elicits innate immune responses in macrophages and dendritic cells. Functional and mechanistic analyses indicate that the virus‐like assembly is engulfed inside cells and stimulates the innate immune response through toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7), an endosomal TLR that detects single‐stranded viral RNA. As an influenza vaccine adjuvant in mice, molecule 6 was as potent as Alum, a clinically used adjuvant. The studies described here paves the way for a new approach to discovering and designing self‐assembling small‐molecule adjuvants against pathogens, including emerging viruses

Formation of Zwitterionic Fullerodendron Using a New DBN-Focal Dendron

A new poly(amidoamine) dendron having 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) at the focal point was synthesized. Interestingly, formation of zwitterionic fullerodendrons (λmax = 930 nm for C60 and 795 nm for C70) were observed by Vis-NIR spectroscopy upon the reaction of C60 or C70 with the DBN-focal dendron. In particular, the C70 anion was effectively stabilized by the site isolation effect of the dendritic wedge. The half-life of fullerodendron 12b having C70 anion at the focal point reaches 7,345 min, which is 20 times longer than that of complex between C60 and pristine DBN. Furthermore, in order to confirm the structure of the zwitterionic complex, fullerodendron 12a was reprecipitated from benzonitrile/1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and was observed using IR spectroscopy and APPI-MS

Mechanism of oxidative amidation of nitroalkanes with oxygen and amine nucleophiles using electrophilic iodine

Recently, we developed a direct way to oxidatively convert primary nitroalkanes into amides. This entailed mixing an iodonium source with an amine, a base, and oxygen. Herein, we systematically investigated the mechanism and likely intermediates. We conclude that an amine-iodonium complex first forms through N-halogen bonding. This complex reacts with aci-nitronates to give both alpha-iodo and alpha-,alpha-diiodo nitroalkanes. These iodinated species can act as alternative sources of electrophilic iodine and also generate an extra equimolar amount of “I+” under O2. In particular, evidence supports alpha-,alpha-diiodo nitroalkanes reacting with molecular oxygen to form a peroxy adduct; alternatively, these tetrahedral intermediates rearrange anaerobically into a cleavable nitrite ester. In either case, activated esters are proposed form, which eventually react with nucleophilic amines in a traditional fashion