Theory of temperature dependence of the Fermi surface-induced splitting of the alloy diffuse-scattering intensity peak

The explanation is presented for the temperature dependence of the fourfold intensity peak splitting found recently in diffuse scattering from the disordered Cu3Au alloy. The wavevector and temperature dependence of the self-energy is identified as the origin of the observed behaviour. Two approaches for the calculation of the self-energy, the high-temperature expansion and the alpha-expansion, are proposed. Applied to the Cu3Au alloy, both methods predict the increase of the splitting with temperature, in agreement with the experimental results.Comment: 4 pages, 3 EPS figures, RevTeX, submitted to J. Phys. Condens. Matter (Letter to the Editor

Automation of technological process of canned meat production

Food and raw materials of animal and plant origin contain a significant amount of water (30 - 80%), proteins, fats, carbohydrates, organic acids, biologically active and mineral substances, etc. During storage in natural conditions, they undergo various biochemical, physicochemical and microbiological processes, as a result of which the appearance, taste and nutritional value of food and raw materials deteriorate. This leads to rapid spoilage of products that become unfit for consumption. To increase the duration of storage and prolong the life of food and the use of raw materials have long been used methods of their preservation - salting, drying, cooling and freezing. However, the most reliable method of preservation is to store them in airtight containers after processing for some time at a temperature above 100 ° C (sterilization). Food products sealed in airtight containers and processed for some time at a temperature of about 100 ° C are called canned food. During heat treatment at a temperature of about 100 ° C, denaturation and coagulation of proteins occur, as a result of which the activity of microorganisms is suppressed, enzymes are inactivated, and so on. Hermetic barrier packaging protects sterilized products from the environment. If canned food is properly sterilized and the container has proper chemical resistance and mechanical strength, canned food is stored for a long time even under adverse conditions without significant changes in nutritional and biological value. The optimal storage regime for canned meat is a temperature of 1 - 5 ° C and a relative humidity of not more than 75% [1]. Canned food has a pleasant taste, aroma, appearance, convenient for transportation and consumption.Пищевые продукты и сырье животного и растительного происхождения содержат значительное количество воды (30 - 80%), белки, жиры, углеводы, органические кислоты, биологически активные и минеральные вещества и др. При хранении в естественных условиях они подвергаются различным биохимическим, физико-химические и микробиологические процессы, в результате которых внешний вид, вкус и пищевая ценность продуктов питания и сырья ухудшается. Это приводит к быстрой порче продукты, ставшие непригодными к употреблению. Для увеличения срока хранения и продления жизнь продуктов питания и использование сырья уже давно используются методы их консервация - соление, сушка, охлаждение и заморозка. Однако самым надежным методом консервация заключается в хранении их в герметичных контейнерах после обработки в течение некоторого времени в температура выше 100°С (стерилизация). Пищевые продукты упакованы в герметичные контейнеры и обработанные некоторое время при температуре около 100°С, называются консервами. В течение термообработка при температуре около 100°С, денатурация и коагуляция белков происходят, в результате чего активность микроорганизмов подавляется, ферменты инактивирован и так далее. Герметичная барьерная упаковка защищает стерилизованные продукты от Окружающая среда. Если консервы должным образом стерилизованы и контейнер имеет надлежащее химическое устойчивостью и механической прочностью, консервы долго хранятся даже при неблагоприятных условиях без существенных изменений пищевой и биологической ценности. Оптимальное хранение режим для мясных консервов - температура 1 - 5°С и относительная влажность не более 75% [1]. Консервы имеют приятный вкус, аромат, внешний вид, удобны для транспортировки. и потребление

Design and construction of new central and forward muon counters for CDF II

New scintillation counters have been designed and constructed for the CDF upgrade in order to complete the muon coverage of the central CDF detector, and to extend this coverage to larger pseudorapidity. A novel light collection technique using wavelength shifting fibers, together with high quality polystyrene-based scintillator resulted in compact counters with good and stable light collection efficiency over lengths extending up to 320 cm. Their design and construction is described and results of their initial performance are reported.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figure

On the mutual effect of ion temperature gradient instabilities and impurity peaking in the reversed field pinch

The presence of impurities is considered in gyrokinetic calculations of ion temperature gradient (ITG) instabilities and turbulence in the reversed field pinch device RFX-mod. This device usually exhibits hollow Carbon/Oxygen profiles, peaked in the outer core region. We describe the role of the impurities in ITG mode destabilization, and analyze whether ITG turbulence is compatible with their experimental gradients.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Plasma Phys. Control. Fusio

Climate Change and the Emergence of New Organizational Landscapes

There is general agreement across the world that human-made climate change is a serious global problem, although there are still some sceptics who challenge this view. Research in organization studies on the topic is relatively new. Much of this research, however, is instrumental and managerialist in its focus on 'win-win' opportunities for business or its treatment of climate change as just another corporate social responsibility (CSR) exercise. In this paper, we suggest that climate change is not just an environmental problem requiring technical and managerial solutions; it is a political issue where a variety of organizations - state agencies, firms, industry associations, NGOs and multilateral organizations - engage in contestation as well as collaboration over the issue. We discuss the strategic, institutional and political economy dimensions of climate change and develop a socioeconomic regimes approach as a synthesis of these different theoretical perspectives. Given the urgency of the problem and the need for a rapid transition to a low-carbon economy, there is a pressing need for organization scholars to develop a better understanding of apathy and inertia in the face of the current crisis and to identify paths toward transformative change. The seven papers in this special issue address these areas of research and examine strategies, discourses, identities and practices in relation to climate change at multiple levels

Analytical solution of 1D lattice gas model with infinite number of multiatom interactions

We consider a 1D lattice gas model in which the atoms interact via an infinite number of cluster interactions within contiguous atomic chains plus the next nearest neighbor pairwise interaction. All interactions are of arbitrary strength. An analytical expression for the size distribution of atomic chain lengths is obtained in the framework of the canonical ensemble formalism. Application of the exact solution to the problems of self-assembly and self-organization is briefly discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Protective effect of stromal Dickkopf-3 in prostate cancer: opposing roles for TGFBI and ECM-1

Aberrant transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling is a hallmark of the stromal microenvironment in cancer. Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3), shown to inhibit TGF-β signaling, is downregulated in prostate cancer and upregulated in the stroma in benign prostatic hyperplasia, but the function of stromal Dkk-3 is unclear. Here we show that DKK3 silencing in WPMY-1 prostate stromal cells increases TGF-β signaling activity and that stromal cellconditioned media inhibit prostate cancer cell invasion in a Dkk-3-dependent manner. DKK3 silencing increased the level of the cell-adhesion regulator TGF-β–induced protein (TGFBI) in stromal and epithelial cell-conditioned media, and recombinant TGFBI increased prostate cancer cell invasion. Reduced expression of Dkk-3 in patient tumors was associated with increased expression of TGFBI. DKK3 silencing reduced the level of extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM-1) in prostate stromal cell-conditioned media but increased it in epithelial cell-conditioned media, and recombinant ECM-1 inhibited TGFBI-induced prostate cancer cell invasion. Increased ECM1 and DKK3 mRNA expression in prostate tumors was associated with increased relapse-free survival. These observations are consistent with a model in which the loss of Dkk-3 in prostate cancer leads to increased secretion of TGFBI and ECM-1, which have tumor-promoting and tumor-protective roles, respectively. Determining how the balance between the opposing roles of extracellular factors influences prostate carcinogenesis will be key to developing therapies that target the tumor microenvironment

An Introductory Guide to Aligning Networks Using SANA, the Simulated Annealing Network Aligner.

Sequence alignment has had an enormous impact on our understanding of biology, evolution, and disease. The alignment of biological networks holds similar promise. Biological networks generally model interactions between biomolecules such as proteins, genes, metabolites, or mRNAs. There is strong evidence that the network topology-the "structure" of the network-is correlated with the functions performed, so that network topology can be used to help predict or understand function. However, unlike sequence comparison and alignment-which is an essentially solved problem-network comparison and alignment is an NP-complete problem for which heuristic algorithms must be used.Here we introduce SANA, the Simulated Annealing Network Aligner. SANA is one of many algorithms proposed for the arena of biological network alignment. In the context of global network alignment, SANA stands out for its speed, memory efficiency, ease-of-use, and flexibility in the arena of producing alignments between two or more networks. SANA produces better alignments in minutes on a laptop than most other algorithms can produce in hours or days of CPU time on large server-class machines. We walk the user through how to use SANA for several types of biomolecular networks