Dental workforce 2012

Summary: Access to reliable, comprehensive, timely and nationally consistent trend data is required to understand the current health workforce and for its future planning. There is particular interest in changes to the size and composition of the various health professions, and the potential impacts of these changes on health-care delivery. This report provides data on the Australian dental practitioner workforce in 2012. Size of the dental workforce In 2012, there were 19,462 dental practitioners registered in Australia. Three-quarters of these practitioners (14,687) were dentists. The number of employed dentists increased by 5.3%, from 12,599 in 2011 to 13,266 in 2012. There were 1,330 dentists working as specialists. Orthodontics was the most common specialty (518 dentists). In 2012, there were also 1,425 dental hygienists, 1,117 dental therapists, 1,100 dental prosthetists and 675 oral health therapists employed in their fields. Sex and age of the dental workforce Sex Dentistry is a male dominated profession; however, the proportion of female dentists increased to 36.5% in 2012 from 35.2% in 2011. Employed dental therapists, dental hygienists and oral health therapists, were predominantly women (96.9, 94.6% and 84.7%, respectively). Dental prosthetists were much more likely to be men. Women made up 14.7% of this workforce, an increase from 13.9% in 2011. Age The average age of dentists employed in 2012 was 43.4 (the same as in 2011) and 23.4% were aged 55 and over. Employed dental prosthetists, dental therapists, dental hygienists and oral health therapists were aged 49.1, 46.4, 37.4 and 31.0, on average, respectively. Working arrangements Dentists worked, on average, 37.0 hours per week in 2012, a slight decrease from 2011 (37.3 hours per week). In 2012, 31.7% dentists worked part time (less than 35 hours per week). The majority of employed dentists were working in private practice (79.7% of clinicians and 77.3% of all dentists). Most specialists worked in private practice (75.0%) and in Major cities (89.1%). Major cities had more dentists per capita than other areas in 2012 at 64.3 full-time equivalent (FTE) dentists per 100,000 population, and more than the Australian rate of 56.9 FTE dentists

Stikstofbemesting pootaardappelen

Wat is het juiste stikstofbemestingsadvies voor pootaardappelen. Bespreking van de belangrijkste aspecten: aardappelras (vroeg of laat; stikstofbehoefte), mineralisatie uit de grond, stikstofwerking van groenbemesters en dierlijke mest. Plus een berekening van de resterende kunstmestgift die nodig is, en het tijdstip van toedienin

Multi-mode density matrices of light via amplitude and phase control

A new method is described for determining the quantum state of correlated multimode radiation by interfering the modes and measuring the statistics of the superimposed fields in four-port balanced homodyne detection. The full information on the $N$-mode quantum state is obtained by controlling both the relative amplitudes and the phases of the modes, which simplifies the reconstruction of density matrices to only $N+1$ Fourier transforms. In particular, this method yields time-correlated multimode density matrices of optical pulses by superimposing the signal by a sequence of short local-oscillator pulses.Comment: 6 pages, late

Initial Conditions for Models of Dynamical Systems

The long-time behaviour of many dynamical systems may be effectively predicted by a low-dimensional model that describes the evolution of a reduced set of variables. We consider the question of how to equip such a low-dimensional model with appropriate initial conditions, so that it faithfully reproduces the long-term behaviour of the original high-dimensional dynamical system. Our method involves putting the dynamical system into normal form, which not only generates the low-dimensional model, but also provides the correct initial conditions for the model. We illustrate the method with several examples. Keywords: normal form, isochrons, initialisation, centre manifoldComment: 24 pages in standard LaTeX, 66K, no figure

From VGKC to LGI1 and Caspr2 encephalitis: The evolution of a disease entity over time

AbstractA wide variety of clinical syndromes has been associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs). Six years ago, it was discovered that patients do not truly have antibodies to potassium channels, but to associated proteins. This enabled the distinction of three VGKC-positive subgroups: anti-LGI1 patients, anti-Caspr2 patients and VGKC-positive patients lacking both antibodies. Patients with LGI1-antibodies have a limbic encephalitis, often with hyponatremia, and about half of the patients have typical faciobrachial dystonic seizures. Caspr2-antibodies cause a more variable syndrome of peripheral or central nervous system symptoms, almost exclusively affecting older males. Immunotherapy seems to be beneficial in patients with antibodies to LGI1 or Caspr2, stressing the need for early diagnosis. Half of the VGKC-positive patients lack antibodies to both LGI1 and Caspr2. This is a heterogeneous group of patients with a wide variety of clinical syndromes, raising the question whether VGKC-positivity is truly a marker of disease in these patients. Data regarding this issue are limited, but a recent study did not show any clinical relevance of VGKC-positivity in the absence of antibodies to LGI1 and Caspr2. The three VGKC-positive subgroups are essentially different, therefore, the lumping term ‘VGKC-complex antibodies’ should be abolished

Positioning and clock synchronization through entanglement

A method is proposed to employ entangled and squeezed light for determining the position of a party and for synchronizing distant clocks. An accuracy gain over analogous protocols that employ classical resources is demonstrated and a quantum-cryptographic positioning application is given, which allows only trusted parties to learn the position of whatever must be localized. The presence of a lossy channel and imperfect photodetection is considered. The advantages in using partially entangled states is discussed.Comment: Revised version. 9 pages, 6 figure

Mode structure and photon number correlations in squeezed quantum pulses

The question of efficient multimode description of optical pulses is studied. We show that a relatively very small number of nonmonochromatic modes can be sufficient for a complete quantum description of pulses with Gaussian quadrature statistics. For example, a three-mode description was enough to reproduce the experimental data of photon number correlations in optical solitons [S. Spalter et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 786 (1998)]. This approach is very useful for a detailed understanding of squeezing properties of soliton pulses with the main potential for quantum communication with continuous variables. We show how homodyne detection and/or measurements of photon number correlations can be used to determine the quantum state of the multi-mode field. We also discuss a possible way of physical separation of the nonmonochromatic modes.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures; minor revisions of the text, new references; to appear in the Phys. Rev.

Integrated frequency comb source of heralded single photons

We report an integrated photon pair source based on a CMOS-compatible microring resonator that generates multiple, simultaneous, and independent photon pairs at different wavelengths in a frequency comb compatible with fiber communication wavelength division multiplexing channels (200 GHz channel separation) and with a linewidth that is compatible with quantum memories (110 MHz). It operates in a self-locked pump configuration, avoiding the need for active stabilization, making it extremely robust even at very low power levels