Unusual molecular material formed through irreversible transformation and revealed by 4D electron microscopy

Four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy (EM) uniquely combines the high spatial resolution to pinpoint individual nano-objects, with the high temporal resolution necessary to address the dynamics of their laser-induced transformation. Here, using 4D-EM, we demonstrate the in situ irreversible transformation of individual nanoparticles of the molecular framework Fe(pyrazine)Pt(CN)4. The newly formed material exhibits an unusually large negative thermal expansion (i.e. contraction), which is revealed by time-resolved imaging and diffraction. Negative thermal expansion is a unique property exhibited by only few materials. Here we show that the increased flexibility of the metal–cyanide framework after the removal of the bridging pyrazine ligands is responsible for the negative thermal expansion behavior of the new material. This in situ visualization of single nanostructures during reactions should be extendable to other classes of reactive systems

BALoo: First and Efficient Countermeasure dedicated to Persistent Fault Attacks

Persistent fault analysis is a novel and efficient cryptanalysis method. The persistent fault attacks take advantage of a persistent fault injected in a non-volatile memory, then present on the device until the reboot of the device. Contrary to classical physical fault injection, where differential analysis can be performed, persistent fault analysis requires new analyses and dedicated countermeasures. Persistent fault analysis requires a persistent fault injected in the S-box such that the bijective characteristic of the permutation function is not present anymore. In particular, the analysis will use the non-uniform distribution of the S-box values: when one of the possible S-box values never appears and one of the possible S-box values appears twice. In this paper, we present the first dedicated protection to prevent persistent fault analysis. This countermeasure, called BALoo for Bijection Assert with Loops, checks the property of bijectivity of the S-box. We show that this countermeasure has a 100% fault coverage for the persistent fault analysis, with a very small software overhead (memory overhead) and reasonable hardware overhead (logical resources, memory and performance). To evaluate the overhead of BALoo, we provide experimental results obtained with the software and the hardware (FPGA) implementations of an AES-128

A Robust Titanium Isophthalate Metal-Organic Framework for Visible-Light Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation

[EN] Isophthalic acid (IPA) has been considered to build metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), owing to its facile availability, unique connection angle-mode, and a wide range of functional groups attached. Constructing titanium-IPA frameworks that possess photoresponse properties is an alluring characteristic with respect to the challenge of synthesizing new titanium-based MOFs (Ti-MOFs) Here, we report the first Ti-IPA MOF (MIP-208) that efficiently combines the use of preformed Ti-8 oxoclusters and in situ acetylation of the 5-NH2-IPA linker. The mixed solid-solution linkers strategy was successfully applied, resulting in a series of multivariate MIP-208 structures with tunable chemical environments and sizable porosity. MIP-208 shows the best result among the pure MOF catalysts for the photocatalytic methanation of carbon dioxide. To improve the photocatalytic performance, ruthenium oxide nanoparticles were photo-deposited on MIP-208, forming a highly active and selective composite catalyst, MIP-208@RuOx, which features a notable visible-light response coupled with excellent stability and recycling ability.S.W. acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22071234) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2480000007). S.N. thanks the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (RTI2018-099482-A-I00 project, the Fundacion Ramon Areces (XVIII Concurso Nacional para la Adjudicacion de Ayudas a la Investigacion en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia, 2016), and Generalitat Valenciana grupos de investigacion consolidables (AICO/2019/214 project) and Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacion (INNEST/2020/111 project) for financial support. C.-C.C. acknowledges the support from the Program of China Scholarship Council (201700260093) and PHC Cai YuanPei Project (38893VJ). C.M.-C. is grateful for financial support from the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) and the Paris Ile-de-France Region -DIM "Respore.'' H.G. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Severo Ochoa and RTI2018-098237-CO2-1) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo2017/083) for financial support. The authors thank the staff at Synchrotron SOLEIL and the associated scientists for beamtime and assistance during SCXRD data collections on PROXIMA 2A, as well as Dr. Peng Guo and Dr. Nana Yan from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences) for the collection of high-resolution PXRD data for Rietveld refinement.Wang, S.; Cabrero-Antonino, M.; Navalón Oltra, S.; Cao, C.; Tissot, A.; Dovgaliuk, I.; Marrot, J.... (2020). A Robust Titanium Isophthalate Metal-Organic Framework for Visible-Light Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation. 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Ecological and evolutionary consequences of anticancer adaptations

Cellular cheating leading to cancers exists in all branches of multicellular life, favoring the evolution of adaptations to avoid or suppress malignant progression, and/or to alleviate its fitness consequences. Ecologists have until recently largely neglected the importance of cancer cells for animal ecology, presumably because they did not consider either the potential ecological or evolutionary consequences of anticancer adaptations. Here, we review the diverse ways in which the evolution of anticancer adaptations has significantly constrained several aspects of the evolutionary ecology of multicellular organisms at the cell, individual, population, species, and ecosystem levels and suggest some avenues for future research

Development of a Multivariate Prediction Model for Early-Onset Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome and Restrictive Allograft Syndrome in Lung Transplantation.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction and its main phenotypes, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), are major causes of mortality after lung transplantation (LT). RAS and early-onset BOS, developing within 3 years after LT, are associated with particularly inferior clinical outcomes. Prediction models for early-onset BOS and RAS have not been previously described. LT recipients of the French and Swiss transplant cohorts were eligible for inclusion in the SysCLAD cohort if they were alive with at least 2 years of follow-up but less than 3 years, or if they died or were retransplanted at any time less than 3 years. These patients were assessed for early-onset BOS, RAS, or stable allograft function by an adjudication committee. Baseline characteristics, data on surgery, immunosuppression, and year-1 follow-up were collected. Prediction models for BOS and RAS were developed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariate multinomial analysis. Among patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria, we identified 149 stable, 51 BOS, and 30 RAS subjects. The best prediction model for early-onset BOS and RAS included the underlying diagnosis, induction treatment, immunosuppression, and year-1 class II donor-specific antibodies (DSAs). Within this model, class II DSAs were associated with BOS and RAS, whereas pre-LT diagnoses of interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were associated with RAS. Although these findings need further validation, results indicate that specific baseline and year-1 parameters may serve as predictors of BOS or RAS by 3 years post-LT. Their identification may allow intervention or guide risk stratification, aiming for an individualized patient management approach

Single-nanoparticle phase transitions visualized by four-dimensional electron microscopy

The advancement of techniques that can probe the behaviour of individual nanoscopic objects is of paramount importance in various disciplines, including photonics and electronics. As it provides images with a spatiotemporal resolution, four-dimensional electron microscopy, in principle, should enable the visualization of single-nanoparticle structural dynamics in real and reciprocal space. Here, we demonstrate the selectivity and sensitivity of the technique by visualizing the spin crossover dynamics of single, isolated metal–organic framework nanocrystals. By introducing a small aperture in the microscope, it was possible to follow the phase transition and the associated structural dynamics within a single particle. Its behaviour was observed to be distinct from that imaged by averaging over ensembles of heterogeneous nanoparticles. The approach reported here has potential applications in other nanosystems and those that undergo (bio)chemical transformations

Thermo- and Photo-induced switching of spin-crossover molecular solids : from single crystal to nanoparticles

Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l’élaboration de composés à transition de spin et l’étude de leurs propriétés induites par irradiation lumineuse ou par une variation de la température. L’induction à l’état solide de la transition de spin par la lumière, via les effets appelés Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) et Ligand Driven Light-Induced Spin Change (LD-LISC)) a été étudiée. La préparation de nanoparticules et leur mise en forme ont été ensuite développées à partir de composés à transition de spin de nature moléculaire, puis leurs propriétés de commutation ont été examinées. Deux familles de matériaux aux propriétés optimisées pour l’étude du mécanisme de photo-conversion par effet LIESST aux temps ultra-courts ont été examinées et les premiers résultats de mesures résolues en temps sont présentés. Par ailleurs, l’étude de l’effet photomagnétique LD-LISC a été menée avec les composés de FeII(stpy)4(NCSe)2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, ligand photo-isomérisable), soit en dispersant les composés dans une matrice polymérique, soit à l’état cristallin. L’influence du milieu sur la photo-réactivité du composé a été démontrée et, dans le solide cristallin, une isomérisation unidirectionnelle du ligand stpy via un mécanisme original mettant en jeu des états excités MLCT a été mise en évidence. Le développement de méthodes originales permettant la préparation de nanoparticules à transition de spin à partir de composés moléculaires a été effectuée. Tout d’abord, la chimie sol-gel a été utilisée afin d’obtenir des nano-objets dispersés dans un film mince de silice. Cette approche élégante a permis un bon contrôle de la taille des objets et l’obtention de solides de bonne qualité optique, dans lesquels une conversion thermo- et photo-induite a été observée avec le composé [FeII(mepy)3tren](PF6)2. Une autre méthode de synthèse, consistant en la précipitation rapide d’objets, éventuellement limitée par la présence de polymère a été appliquée avec succès à l’étude de plusieurs composés moléculaires à transition de spin. Avec le composé [FeIII(3-OMeSalEen)2]PF6, des objets de taille contrôlée ont été synthétisés et, de manière remarquable, un effet, relativement faible, de la réduction de taille sur la coopérativité a été observé. Enfin, l’étude de microcristaux FeII(phen)2(NCS)2, a permis de démontrer de manière indiscutable que la présence de polymère enrobant les objets pouvait influer sur leur transition thermo- et photo-induite en induisant des contraintes au niveau des particules.This work is devoted to synthesis of spin-crossover compounds and to the study of their thermo- or photo-induced switching. Photo-induced spin-crossover, either by the Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) or the Ligand Driven Light-Induced Spin Change (LD-LISC)) effects, has been studied in the solid state. The synthesis of spin-crossover nanoparticles built with compounds of molecular nature and the study of their switching properties has then been examined. The synthesis of optimized materials for the study of the photo-switching mechanism (LIESST effect) at ultrafast timescales has been developed and the first time-resolved measurements are presented. The study of the LD-LISC effect on the FeII(stpy)4(NCSe)2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, photo-isomerizable ligand) complexes has also been performed, either bydispersing the compound in a polymeric matrix, or on the crystalline state. Different photo-induced behaviours have been evidenced, depending on the compound environment. On thecrystalline state, a unidirectional reactivity of the stpy ligand through an original mechanism following the excitation in the MLCT excited states has been evidenced. The synthesis of spin-crossover nanoparticles with compounds of molecular nature has then been performed with two different methods. First, the sol-gel process has been used to obtain well dispersed nanoparticles in a silica thin film. This approach allows the synthesis of size-controlled particles trapped on solids of good optical quality, in which a thermo- and photo-induced spin crossover has been observed with the [FeII(mepy)3tren](PF6)2 compound. Another synthetic method, based on the precipitation in an anti-solvent, has been successfully applied to various spin-crossover complexes. With the [FeIII(3-OMeSalEen)2]PF6 compound, size-controlled particles have been prepared and, interestingly, the size reduction effect on the cooperative processes appears to be limited. Finally, the study of FeII(phen)2(NCS)2 microcrystals has evidenced that the interaction between the polymer and the particles can affect their thermo- and photo-induced spin-crossover processes

Commutation thermo- et photo-induite de solides moléculaires a transition de spin : du monocristal aux nano-objets

This work is devoted to synthesis of spin-crossover compounds and to the study of their thermo- or photo-induced switching. Photo-induced spin-crossover, either by the Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) or the Ligand Driven Light-Induced Spin Change (LD-LISC)) effects, has been studied in the solid state. The synthesis of spin-crossover nanoparticles built with compounds of molecular nature and the study of their switching properties has then been examined. The synthesis of optimized materials for the study of the photo-switching mechanism (LIESST effect) at ultrafast timescales has been developed and the first time-resolved measurements are presented. The study of the LD-LISC effect on the FeII(stpy)4(NCSe)2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, photo-isomerizable ligand) complexes has also been performed, either bydispersing the compound in a polymeric matrix, or on the crystalline state. Different photo-induced behaviours have been evidenced, depending on the compound environment. On thecrystalline state, a unidirectional reactivity of the stpy ligand through an original mechanism following the excitation in the MLCT excited states has been evidenced. The synthesis of spin-crossover nanoparticles with compounds of molecular nature has then been performed with two different methods. First, the sol-gel process has been used to obtain well dispersed nanoparticles in a silica thin film. This approach allows the synthesis of size-controlled particles trapped on solids of good optical quality, in which a thermo- and photo-induced spin crossover has been observed with the [FeII(mepy)3tren](PF6)2 compound. Another synthetic method, based on the precipitation in an anti-solvent, has been successfully applied to various spin-crossover complexes. With the [FeIII(3-OMeSalEen)2]PF6 compound, size-controlled particles have been prepared and, interestingly, the size reduction effect on the cooperative processes appears to be limited. Finally, the study of FeII(phen)2(NCS)2 microcrystals has evidenced that the interaction between the polymer and the particles can affect their thermo- and photo-induced spin-crossover processes.Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l’élaboration de composés à transition de spin et l’étude de leurs propriétés induites par irradiation lumineuse ou par une variation de la température. L’induction à l’état solide de la transition de spin par la lumière, via les effets appelés Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) et Ligand Driven Light-Induced Spin Change (LD-LISC)) a été étudiée. La préparation de nanoparticules et leur mise en forme ont été ensuite développées à partir de composés à transition de spin de nature moléculaire, puis leurs propriétés de commutation ont été examinées. Deux familles de matériaux aux propriétés optimisées pour l’étude du mécanisme de photo-conversion par effet LIESST aux temps ultra-courts ont été examinées et les premiers résultats de mesures résolues en temps sont présentés. Par ailleurs, l’étude de l’effet photomagnétique LD-LISC a été menée avec les composés de FeII(stpy)4(NCSe)2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, ligand photo-isomérisable), soit en dispersant les composés dans une matrice polymérique, soit à l’état cristallin. L’influence du milieu sur la photo-réactivité du composé a été démontrée et, dans le solide cristallin, une isomérisation unidirectionnelle du ligand stpy via un mécanisme original mettant en jeu des états excités MLCT a été mise en évidence. Le développement de méthodes originales permettant la préparation de nanoparticules à transition de spin à partir de composés moléculaires a été effectuée. Tout d’abord, la chimie sol-gel a été utilisée afin d’obtenir des nano-objets dispersés dans un film mince de silice. Cette approche élégante a permis un bon contrôle de la taille des objets et l’obtention de solides de bonne qualité optique, dans lesquels une conversion thermo- et photo-induite a été observée avec le composé [FeII(mepy)3tren](PF6)2. Une autre méthode de synthèse, consistant en la précipitation rapide d’objets, éventuellement limitée par la présence de polymère a été appliquée avec succès à l’étude de plusieurs composés moléculaires à transition de spin. Avec le composé [FeIII(3-OMeSalEen)2]PF6, des objets de taille contrôlée ont été synthétisés et, de manière remarquable, un effet, relativement faible, de la réduction de taille sur la coopérativité a été observé. Enfin, l’étude de microcristaux FeII(phen)2(NCS)2, a permis de démontrer de manière indiscutable que la présence de polymère enrobant les objets pouvait influer sur leur transition thermo- et photo-induite en induisant des contraintes au niveau des particules

Commutation thermo- et photo-induite de solides moléculaires a transition de spin : du monocristal aux nano-objets

This work is devoted to synthesis of spin-crossover compounds and to the study of their thermo- or photo-induced switching. Photo-induced spin-crossover, either by the Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) or the Ligand Driven Light-Induced Spin Change (LD-LISC)) effects, has been studied in the solid state. The synthesis of spin-crossover nanoparticles built with compounds of molecular nature and the study of their switching properties has then been examined. The synthesis of optimized materials for the study of the photo-switching mechanism (LIESST effect) at ultrafast timescales has been developed and the first time-resolved measurements are presented. The study of the LD-LISC effect on the FeII(stpy)4(NCSe)2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, photo-isomerizable ligand) complexes has also been performed, either bydispersing the compound in a polymeric matrix, or on the crystalline state. Different photo-induced behaviours have been evidenced, depending on the compound environment. On thecrystalline state, a unidirectional reactivity of the stpy ligand through an original mechanism following the excitation in the MLCT excited states has been evidenced. The synthesis of spin-crossover nanoparticles with compounds of molecular nature has then been performed with two different methods. First, the sol-gel process has been used to obtain well dispersed nanoparticles in a silica thin film. This approach allows the synthesis of size-controlled particles trapped on solids of good optical quality, in which a thermo- and photo-induced spin crossover has been observed with the [FeII(mepy)3tren](PF6)2 compound. Another synthetic method, based on the precipitation in an anti-solvent, has been successfully applied to various spin-crossover complexes. With the [FeIII(3-OMeSalEen)2]PF6 compound, size-controlled particles have been prepared and, interestingly, the size reduction effect on the cooperative processes appears to be limited. Finally, the study of FeII(phen)2(NCS)2 microcrystals has evidenced that the interaction between the polymer and the particles can affect their thermo- and photo-induced spin-crossover processes.Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l’élaboration de composés à transition de spin et l’étude de leurs propriétés induites par irradiation lumineuse ou par une variation de la température. L’induction à l’état solide de la transition de spin par la lumière, via les effets appelés Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) et Ligand Driven Light-Induced Spin Change (LD-LISC)) a été étudiée. La préparation de nanoparticules et leur mise en forme ont été ensuite développées à partir de composés à transition de spin de nature moléculaire, puis leurs propriétés de commutation ont été examinées. Deux familles de matériaux aux propriétés optimisées pour l’étude du mécanisme de photo-conversion par effet LIESST aux temps ultra-courts ont été examinées et les premiers résultats de mesures résolues en temps sont présentés. Par ailleurs, l’étude de l’effet photomagnétique LD-LISC a été menée avec les composés de FeII(stpy)4(NCSe)2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, ligand photo-isomérisable), soit en dispersant les composés dans une matrice polymérique, soit à l’état cristallin. L’influence du milieu sur la photo-réactivité du composé a été démontrée et, dans le solide cristallin, une isomérisation unidirectionnelle du ligand stpy via un mécanisme original mettant en jeu des états excités MLCT a été mise en évidence. Le développement de méthodes originales permettant la préparation de nanoparticules à transition de spin à partir de composés moléculaires a été effectuée. Tout d’abord, la chimie sol-gel a été utilisée afin d’obtenir des nano-objets dispersés dans un film mince de silice. Cette approche élégante a permis un bon contrôle de la taille des objets et l’obtention de solides de bonne qualité optique, dans lesquels une conversion thermo- et photo-induite a été observée avec le composé [FeII(mepy)3tren](PF6)2. Une autre méthode de synthèse, consistant en la précipitation rapide d’objets, éventuellement limitée par la présence de polymère a été appliquée avec succès à l’étude de plusieurs composés moléculaires à transition de spin. Avec le composé [FeIII(3-OMeSalEen)2]PF6, des objets de taille contrôlée ont été synthétisés et, de manière remarquable, un effet, relativement faible, de la réduction de taille sur la coopérativité a été observé. Enfin, l’étude de microcristaux FeII(phen)2(NCS)2, a permis de démontrer de manière indiscutable que la présence de polymère enrobant les objets pouvait influer sur leur transition thermo- et photo-induite en induisant des contraintes au niveau des particules

Commutation thermo- et photo-induite de solides moléculaires a transition de spin (du monocristal aux nano-objets)

Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l élaboration de composés à transition de spin et l étude de leurs propriétés induites par irradiation lumineuse ou par une variation de la température. L induction à l état solide de la transition de spin par la lumière, via les effets appelés Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) et Ligand Driven Light-Induced Spin Change (LD-LISC)) a été étudiée. La préparation de nanoparticules et leur mise en forme ont été ensuite développées à partir de composés à transition de spin de nature moléculaire, puis leurs propriétés de commutation ont été examinées. Deux familles de matériaux aux propriétés optimisées pour l étude du mécanisme de photo-conversion par effet LIESST aux temps ultra-courts ont été examinées et les premiers résultats de mesures résolues en temps sont présentés. Par ailleurs, l étude de l effet photomagnétique LD-LISC a été menée avec les composés de FeII(stpy)4(NCSe)2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, ligand photo-isomérisable), soit en dispersant les composés dans une matrice polymérique, soit à l état cristallin. L influence du milieu sur la photo-réactivité du composé a été démontrée et, dans le solide cristallin, une isomérisation unidirectionnelle du ligand stpy via un mécanisme original mettant en jeu des états excités MLCT a été mise en évidence. Le développement de méthodes originales permettant la préparation de nanoparticules à transition de spin à partir de composés moléculaires a été effectuée. Tout d abord, la chimie sol-gel a été utilisée afin d obtenir des nano-objets dispersés dans un film mince de silice. Cette approche élégante a permis un bon contrôle de la taille des objets et l obtention de solides de bonne qualité optique, dans lesquels une conversion thermo- et photo-induite a été observée avec le composé [FeII(mepy)3tren](PF6)2. Une autre méthode de synthèse, consistant en la précipitation rapide d objets, éventuellement limitée par la présence de polymère a été appliquée avec succès à l étude de plusieurs composés moléculaires à transition de spin. Avec le composé [FeIII(3-OMeSalEen)2]PF6, des objets de taille contrôlée ont été synthétisés et, de manière remarquable, un effet, relativement faible, de la réduction de taille sur la coopérativité a été observé. Enfin, l étude de microcristaux FeII(phen)2(NCS)2, a permis de démontrer de manière indiscutable que la présence de polymère enrobant les objets pouvait influer sur leur transition thermo- et photo-induite en induisant des contraintes au niveau des particules.This work is devoted to synthesis of spin-crossover compounds and to the study of their thermo- or photo-induced switching. Photo-induced spin-crossover, either by the Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) or the Ligand Driven Light-Induced Spin Change (LD-LISC)) effects, has been studied in the solid state. The synthesis of spin-crossover nanoparticles built with compounds of molecular nature and the study of their switching properties has then been examined. The synthesis of optimized materials for the study of the photo-switching mechanism (LIESST effect) at ultrafast timescales has been developed and the first time-resolved measurements are presented. The study of the LD-LISC effect on the FeII(stpy)4(NCSe)2 (stpy = 4-styrylpyridine, photo-isomerizable ligand) complexes has also been performed, either bydispersing the compound in a polymeric matrix, or on the crystalline state. Different photo-induced behaviours have been evidenced, depending on the compound environment. On thecrystalline state, a unidirectional reactivity of the stpy ligand through an original mechanism following the excitation in the MLCT excited states has been evidenced. The synthesis of spin-crossover nanoparticles with compounds of molecular nature has then been performed with two different methods. First, the sol-gel process has been used to obtain well dispersed nanoparticles in a silica thin film. This approach allows the synthesis of size-controlled particles trapped on solids of good optical quality, in which a thermo- and photo-induced spin crossover has been observed with the [FeII(mepy)3tren](PF6)2 compound. Another synthetic method, based on the precipitation in an anti-solvent, has been successfully applied to various spin-crossover complexes. With the [FeIII(3-OMeSalEen)2]PF6 compound, size-controlled particles have been prepared and, interestingly, the size reduction effect on the cooperative processes appears to be limited. Finally, the study of FeII(phen)2(NCS)2 microcrystals has evidenced that the interaction between the polymer and the particles can affect their thermo- and photo-induced spin-crossover processes.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF