Muscle contractibility and protein turnover

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle contraction, protein turnover and other research are reported

Skeletal muscle metabolism in hypokinetic rats

Muscle growth, protein metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were studied in various groups of rats. Certain groups were adrenaliectomized; some rats were suspended while others (the controls) were weight bearing. Results show that: (1) metabolic changes in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of suspended rats are due primarily to increased circulating glucocorticoids; (2) metabolic changes in the soleus muscle due to higher steroid levels are probably potentiated by greater numbers of steroid receptors; and (3) not all metabolic responses of the soleus muscle to unloading are due to the elevated levels of glucocorticoids or the increased sensitivity of this muscle to these hormones

Possible mechanism for changes in glycogen metabolism in unloaded soleus muscle

Carbohydrate metabolism has been shown to be affected in a number of ways by different models of hypokinesia. In vivo glycogen levels in the soleus muscle are known to be increased by short-term denervation and harness suspension. In addition, exposure to 7 days of hypogravity also caused a dramatic increase in glycogen concentration in this muscle. The biochemical alterations caused by unloading that may bring about these increases in glycogen storage in the soleus were sought

Helistat simulation studies

An analysis of the flight dynamics and piloted control characteristics of the Helistat, a quadrotor heavy-lift airship, was completed using the HYBRDS airship simulation facility. The analysis covered the full operating flight envelope, including likely ranges of altitude, airspeed, sideslip, and loading variations. Particular areas of study were performance, trim, power requirements, linearized dynamics, handling qualities, and mooring operations. The key assumptions were: a rigid vehicle, no control system dynamics, fixed rotor and propeller RPM, and no ballonet dynamics. The nominal cruise speed for the H34 engines operating at 1275 HP was found to be 40-50 kts, depending on the loading condition. The maximum payload capability was calculated as 45,000 lbs for sea level-based operations. The crosswind capability in hover is 5-10 kts depending on the loading conditions, but this requires excessive roll angle due to the roll-to-translate control gearing. Sideslip angles of 110-135 degrees (wind from aft quarters) are critical for directional trim and stability, and should be avoided

A tradição bíblica da Península Ibérica entre o séc. VIII e o séc. XII do ponto de vista tipológico

This paper gives an overview of the national and international research on the biblical tradition of the Iberian Peninsula between the eighth and twelfth centuries. It describes and analyzes the status quaestionis from various perspectives, seeking to broaden the dominant Spanish-centred research, which widely neglected the Hispanic peripheries, such as Catalonia or Portugal, and focused on single outstanding manuscripts without situating important features of Iberian Bible production within the wider European context. The paper crosses mental, geographic and scientific barriers to pioneer new methods of refining our understanding of the biblical landscape of the medieval Iberian Peninsula. It assesses the heuristic dimensions of research on underestimated or even neglected Bible fragments and highlights the role of Andalusian Arabic Bible translations within the panorama of the Iberian biblical tradition. In addition, it draws attention to the rich, but hitherto neglected study of glossed Bibles of the new French type, and finally underlines the historical, exegetical and transcultural evidence of non-biblical texts transmitted in the context of Iberian Bible manuscripts.Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral da investigação nacional e internacional sobre a tradição bíblica da Península Ibérica entre os séculos VIII e XII. Descreve-se e analisa-se sob várias perspetivas o status quaestionis, procurando-se ampliar a pesquisa dominante, centrada no espanhol, que descurou amplamente as periferias hispânicas, como a Catalunha ou Portugal, e se concentrou em manuscritos únicos, sem situar características importantes da produção da Bíblia Ibérica no contexto europeu. O documento atravessa barreiras mentais, geográficas e científicas para propor novos métodos que melhorem a nossa compreensão da paisagem bíblica da Península Ibérica medieval. O texto avalia ainda as dimensões heurísticas da pesquisa em fragmentos bíblicos subestimados ou até negligenciados e destaca o papel das traduções da Bíblia arábica andaluza no panorama da tradição bíblica ibérica. Além disso, chama a atenção para o estudo rico, mas até agora negligenciado, de Bíblias glosadas do novo tipo francês e, finalmente, sublinha a evidência histórica, exegética e transcultural dos textos não-bíblicos transmitidos no contexto dos manuscritos bíblicos ibéricos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Using the Carolingian past in a society of transformation : the case of Early Medieval Septimania/Catalonia in the long tenth century (900-1050)

The North-eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula, which later became medieval Catalonia, and the adjacent French region, then called Septimania, formed an intermediary zone of ethnic, cultural, linguistic, social, political, and religious transition and brokerage between the Mediterranean and central European worlds, interfacing with the Christian north and Muslim south. Consequently, the double region Septimania/Catalonia is an ideal subject for a comparative view of transformation processes in the Carolingian Empire. My paper - giving an interim report on ongoing research - analyses how this still-underestimated periphery of the Carolingian Empire transformed into a central region of Latin Christian Europe between the late ninth and the middle of the eleventh century, through exploring its imported and autochthonous manuscript production and its position as a border society. In doing so, I show that the societal and religious circumstances of this intermediary zone favoured the concerted selection, introdution and implementation of the core results of the Carolingian Church reform, as well as its well-balanced adaptation to a post-Roman, post-Visigothic and post-Carolingian society under reconstruction. My reflections allow us to assess the quality of 'Carolingian' culture as an imperial, i.e. overarching, eclectic and flexible concept of amalgamation of cultural and political semantics, from a peripheral rather than a central European perspective

Identification and verification of frequency-domain models for XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft dynamics

Frequency-domain methods are used to extract the open-loop dynamics of the XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft from flight test data for the cruise condition (V = 170 knots). The frequency responses are numerically fitted with transfer-function forms to identify equivalent model characteristics. The associated handling quality parameters meet or exceed Level 2, Category A, requirements for fixed-wing military aircraft. Step response matching is used to verify the time-domain fidelity of the transfer-function models for the cruise and hover flight conditions. The transient responses of the model and aircraft are in close agreement in all cases, except for the normal acceleration response to elevator deflection in cruise. This discrepancy is probably due to the unmodeled rotor rpm dynamics. The utility of the frequency-domain approach for dynamics identification and analysis is clearly demonstrated

Die Iberische Halbinsel als christlichmuslimischer Begegnungsraum im Spiegel von Transfer- und Transformationsprozessen des 12.-15. Jahrhunderts

This paper describes the Iberian Peninsula from the perspective of the many processes of transfer and transformation that occurred in it from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries, owing to which it became a place of encounter between Christians and Muslims. Particular attention is paid to translations of religious texts made by Christians about Islam, which were on the one hand modes of knowledge and interpretation of a culture, and on the other hand special means for the integration and disintegration of the Muslim population. On gathering together the manuscript tradition currently available of these translations and determining their background, the people involved, the places, circumstances and historical contexts, the paper lays the foundations for the possibility of a complete history of the inter-Christian reception of this transmission process

Skeletal muscle metabolism in hypokinetic rats

Amino acid metabolism in hypokinesia is discussed. The effects of passive stretching of muscles in hypokinesia are considered