The Government's Executions Policy During the Irish Civil War 1922 -1923

This thesis examines the executions policy undertaken by the pro-treatyite Provisional/Free State Government during the Irish Civil War (1922–23). Following the Irish War of Independence (1919–21) and subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty Ireland‘s previously united nationalist movement fractured into opposing factions. The ensuing Civil War, fought between the Government and the anti-treatyite militants, known as the Irregulars, played an integral role in the development of the modern Irish State. Remarkably, this conflict has been marginalised in Irish revolutionary historiography. Similarly, the significance of the Government‘s official executions policy during the conflict has been further neglected and consigned to a footnote in existing works on the Civil War. Yet the execution of eighty-one fellow Irishmen and former comrades by the first independent Irish Government became one of the defining characteristics of the War. The proposition which underpins this study is that this executions policy had a significant impact on the dynamic of the Civil War, making it a far more ruthless and divisive affair. Moreover, it left an enduring legacy of bitterness in post-war Ireland, one which is still to be completely surmounted. In essence, this thesis presents an in-depth analysis of the effect of the executions policy on the character, course and outcome of the Irish Civil War

Preliminary Findings on the Foraging Ecology of a Northern Bobwhite Predator in North Florida: The Cooper\u27s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)

As part of a larger study of the ecology of the Cooper\u27s hawk (Accipter cooperii) in the Northern Highlands and Red Hills regions of North Florida, we collected data on landscape-level habitat selection, home range size, and diet of resident adult Cooper\u27s hawks from April 1996-April 1997 on study areas in northern Leon County (Tall Timbers Research Station) and western Suwannee County. Data on habitat selection and home range size were collected by intensively tracking 8 radio-instrumented adult Cooper\u27s hawks (3 males and 5 females) originally captured while breeding at nest sites on the study areas. Diet information on the study areas was obtained by observing Cooper\u27s hawk prey deliveries at nest sites from blinds, by collecting prey remains from prey handling perches around nests, and by documenting prey captures by radio-tagged hawks. In this poster we present some preliminary findings from the first year of this study that may have implications for wildlife managers wanting to minimize rates of predation on bobwhites by Cooper\u27s hawks

A Database for Nuclear Receptor DNA Binding Sites

A database has been developed for nuclear receptor DNA binding sites and the corresponding nuclear receptor DNA binding domain (DBD) amino acid sequences. This database contains three main tables nuclear receptor DNA footprints, nuclear receptor DNA binding sites and the corresponding nuclear receptor DBD. The ultimate goal of this database is to provide a repository for all experimentally derived nuclear receptor DNA binding sites. Finite DNA binding sites and footprints are obtained from original peer reviewed research that used selected experimental methods to identify nuclear receptor DNA binding sites. Acceptable methods for the identification of DNA binding sites and/or footprints include reporter genes and DNA deletion analysis, DNAase I footprinting, exonuclease III footprinting, methylation protection, methylation interference, nuclear receptor protein mutagenesis and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. With respect to this database, a nuclear receptor footprint is a DNA sequence less than 50 nucleotides in length identified by one of the methods listed above. A binding site is a DNA sequence identified within one of the footprints that is less than 15 nucleotides in length and corresponds to a previously identified half site, response element or consensus sequence. The five prime and three prime location of each footprint with respect to the transcription initiation site is noted in the database. The corresponding nuclear receptor DBD amino acid sequence is obtained from the Swiss-Prot database. The nuclear receptor data is annotated with the literature reference, DNA source, DNA binding site identification method, the nuclear receptor Swiss-Prot primary accession number, and inter halfsite spacing if specified. The tables are related by the literature reference, DNA source, experimental method and nuclear receptor ID. Sixty one publications have been identified from 1983 through 1994 that contain nuclear receptor binding sequences identified with one of the methods listed above. These publications were identified by selected review articles, cited references, citation index and PubMed searches. Currently, the database contains 21 DNA binding sites and 30 DNA footprints from 14 publications between 1983 and 1987. As the database expands, the literature citations will be used to design new search strategies for the nuclear receptor literature. After the current literature has been surveyed and the database is up to date, submissions will be accepted from past and future research. This database will eventually become publicly accessible. In order to interpret the experimentally derived DNA footprints, the specific DNA base - NR protein interactions are summarized from six X ray crystallographic studies

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, protein kinase C, and regulation of intracellular pH in cardiac purkinje fibers

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department ([email protected])

Assessing the contributions of childhood maltreatment subtypes and depression case-control status on telomere length reveals a specific role of physical neglect

Background: Studies have provided evidence that both childhood maltreatment and depressive disorders are associated with shortened telomere lengths. However, as childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for depression, it remains unclear whether this may be driving shortened telomere lengths observed amongst depressed patients. Furthermore, it's unclear if the effects of maltreatment on telomere length shortening are more pervasive amongst depressed patients relative to controls, and consequently whether biological ageing may contribute to depression's pathophysiology. The current study assesses the effects of childhood maltreatment, depression case/control status, and the interactive effect of both childhood maltreatment and depression case/control status on relative telomere length (RTL). Method: DNA samples from 80 depressed subjects and 100 control subjects were utilized from a U.K. sample (ages 20-84), with childhood trauma questionnaire data available for all participants. RTL was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Univariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the effects of depression status, childhood maltreatment and depression by childhood maltreatment interactions on RTL. The false discovery rate (q 50 years old). There were no significant depression case/control status by childhood maltreatment interactions. Limitations: A relatively small sample limited our power to detect interaction effects, and we were unable to consider depression chronicity or recurrence. Conclusion: Shortened RTL was specifically associated with childhood physical neglect, but not the other subtypes of maltreatment or depression case/control status. Our results suggest that the telomere-eroding effects of physical neglect may represent a biological mechanism important in increasing risk for ageing-related disorders. As physical neglect is more frequent amongst depressed cases generally, it may also represent a confounding factor driving previous associations between shorter RTL and depression case status.Peer reviewe

Wine Terroir and the Soil Bacteria: An Amplicon Sequencing-Based Assessment of the Barossa Valley and Its Sub-Regions

A wines’ terroir, represented as wine traits with regional distinctiveness, is a reflection of both the biophysical and human-driven conditions in which the grapes were grown and wine made. Soil is an important factor contributing to the uniqueness of a wine produced by vines grown in specific conditions. Here, we evaluated the impact of environmental variables on the soil bacteria of 22 Barossa Valley vineyard sites based on the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable region 4. In this study, we report that both dispersal isolation by geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity (soil plant-available P content, elevation, rainfall, temperature, spacing between row and spacing between vine) contribute to microbial community dissimilarity between vineyards. Vineyards located in cooler and wetter regions showed lower beta diversity and a higher ratio of dominant taxa. Differences in soil bacterial community composition were significantly associated with differences in fruit and wine composition. Our results suggest that environmental factors affecting wine terroir, may be mediated by changes in microbial structure, thus providing a basic understanding of how growing conditions affect interactions between plants and their soil bacteria

Phase II study of fosaprepitant + 5HT3 receptor antagonist + dexamethasone in patients with germ cell tumors undergoing 5-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy: A Hoosier Cancer Research Network Study

Purpose A phase III study adding aprepitant to a 5HT3 receptor antagonist (5HT3-RA) plus dexamethasone in germ cell tumor (GCT) patients treated with 5-day cisplatin combination chemotherapy demonstrated a significant improvement in complete response (CR) (J Clin Onc 30:3998-4003, 2012). Fosaprepitant has demonstrated non-inferiority compared to aprepitant in single-day cisplatin chemotherapy and is approved as a single-dose alternative. This single-arm phase II study is the first clinical trial evaluating fosaprepitant in patients receiving multi-day cisplatin regimen. Methods GCT patients receiving a 5-day cisplatin combination chemotherapy were enrolled. Fosaprepitant 150 mg was given IV on days 3 and 5. A 5HT3-RA days 1–5 (days 1, 3, and 5, if palonosetron) plus dexamethasone 20 mg days 1 and 2 and 4 mg po bid days 6, 7, and 8 was administered. Rescue antiemetics were allowed. The primary objective was to determine the CR rate—no emetic episodes or use of rescue medications. Accrual of 64 patients was planned with expected CR > 27 %. Results Sixty-five patients were enrolled of whom 54 were eligible for analysis. Median age was 33. Fifty-one patients received bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy. CR was observed in 13 (24.1 %) patients (95 % Agresti-Coull binomial C.I. 14.5 %, 37.1 %). Conclusion The data in this phase II study, in contrast to our prior phase III study, appears to indicate a lower CR rate with the substitution of fosaprepitant for aprepitant. It is unknown whether the substitution of fosaprepitant for aprepitant provides the same benefit in multi-day cisplatin that was achieved with single-day cisplatin

Biocompatible post-polymerization functionalization of a water soluble poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)

A biocompatible post-polymerization functionalization reaction takes advantage of a polymer's structural motif for the controllable attachment of biotin as a model biosensor that responds to streptavidin.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier NanotechnologiesUnited States. Army Research Office (Contract W911NF-07-D-004

Long-range formation of the Bicoid gradient requires multiple dynamic modes that spatially vary across the embryo

Morphogen gradients provide essential positional information to gene networks through their spatially heterogeneous distribution, yet how they form is still hotly contested, with multiple models proposed for different systems. Here, we focus on the transcription factor Bicoid (Bcd), a morphogen that forms an exponential gradient across the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of the early Drosophila embryo. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy we find there are spatial differences in Bcd diffusivity along the AP axis, with Bcd diffusing more rapidly in the posterior. We establish that such spatially varying differences in Bcd dynamics are sufficient to explain how Bcd can have a steep exponential gradient in the anterior half of the embryo and yet still have an observable fraction of Bcd near the posterior pole. In the nucleus, we demonstrate that Bcd dynamics are impacted by binding to DNA. Addition of the Bcd homeodomain to eGFP::NLS qualitatively replicates the Bcd concentration profile, suggesting this domain regulates Bcd dynamics. Our results reveal how a long-range gradient can form while retaining a steep profile through much of its range