English nonconformist home missions 1796-1901

This thesis examines an important dimension of nineteenth century English Nonconformist life, namely, their missionary endeavours as directed towards the home population. Whilst recognising the significance of other recent studies on the periodic phenomenon of revival, the statistical growth of Nonconformity and its social and political influence, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the rise and development of Nonconformity's routine attempts to evangelise England over the course of the whole century from the time when their evangelists were persecuted Dissenters, through the days of influential Nonconformity to the waning of their social and spiritual influence at the turn of the century. The thesis revolves around the twin axes of unity and diversity. Chapter 1 outlines the unified point of departure which gave rise to a new wave of missionary endeavour and illustrates it by reference to some of the early itinerant societies. The following three chapters trace the diverse and individual developments of home missions within the Methodist, Baptist and Congregational churches respectively. Appendix B outlines, more superficially, developments in other Nonconformist bodies. Chapter 5 further recognises the dimension of diversity as it extended beyond the denominations to the organisation of evangelistic societies. Special attention is paid to the way in which they handles the problems implicit in their non-church based inter denominationalism. Chapter 6 returns to the theme of unity and examines evidence of greater theological and methodological coherence as exhibited in the united mission of 1901. It also reflects on the century and suggests that it is possible to, trace a common framework of experience to which all denominations, despite their differences, were ultimately subject. The final chapter approaches the home missionary endeavour from a theological, not structural, perspective and examines four different theological orientations to the task together with their methodological implications. It concludes with an overall assessment of the movement

Ten-year mortality, disease progression, and treatment-related side effects in men with localised prostate cancer from the ProtecT randomised controlled trial according to treatment received

Background The ProtecT trial reported intention-to-treat analysis of men with localised prostate cancer randomly allocated to active monitoring (AM), radical prostatectomy, and external beam radiotherapy. Objective To report outcomes according to treatment received in men in randomised and treatment choice cohorts. Design, setting, and participants This study focuses on secondary care. Men with clinically localised prostate cancer at one of nine UK centres were invited to participate in the treatment trial comparing AM, radical prostatectomy, and radiotherapy. Intervention Two cohorts included 1643 men who agreed to be randomised and 997 who declined randomisation and chose treatment. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Analysis was carried out to assess mortality, metastasis and progression and health-related quality of life impacts on urinary, bowel, and sexual function using patient-reported outcome measures. Analysis was based on comparisons between groups defined by treatment received for both randomised and treatment choice cohorts in turn, with pooled estimates of intervention effect obtained using meta-analysis. Differences were estimated with adjustment for known prognostic factors using propensity scores. Results and limitations According to treatment received, more men receiving AM died of PCa (AM 1.85%, surgery 0.67%, radiotherapy 0.73%), whilst this difference remained consistent with chance in the randomised cohort (p = 0.08); stronger evidence was found in the exploratory analyses (randomised plus choice cohort) when AM was compared with the combined radical treatment group (p = 0.003). There was also strong evidence that metastasis (AM 5.6%, surgery 2.4%, radiotherapy 2.7%) and disease progression (AM 20.35%, surgery 5.87%, radiotherapy 6.62%) were more common in the AM group. Compared with AM, there were higher risks of sexual dysfunction (95% at 6 mo) and urinary incontinence (55% at 6 mo) after surgery, and of sexual dysfunction (88% at 6 mo) and bowel dysfunction (5% at 6 mo) after radiotherapy. The key limitations are the potential for bias when comparing groups defined by treatment received and changes in the protocol for AM during the lengthy follow-up required in trials of screen-detected PCa. Conclusions Analyses according to treatment received showed increased rates of disease-related events and lower rates of patient-reported harms in men managed by AM compared with men managed by radical treatment, and stronger evidence of greater PCa mortality in the AM group. Patient summary More than 95 out of every 100 men with low or intermediate risk localised prostate cancer do not die of prostate cancer within 10 yr, irrespective of whether treatment is by means of monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy. Side effects on sexual and bladder function are better after active monitoring, but the risks of spreading of prostate cancer are more common

Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same regio

Functional and quality of life outcomes of localised prostate cancer treatments (prostate testing for cancer and treatment [ProtecT] study)

Objective To investigate the functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes of treatments for localised prostate cancer and inform treatment decision-making. Patients and Methods Men aged 50–69 years diagnosed with localised prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen testing and biopsies at nine UK centres in the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial were randomised to, or chose one of, three treatments. Of 2565 participants, 1135 men received active monitoring (AM), 750 a radical prostatectomy (RP), 603 external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concurrent androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and 77 low-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT, not a randomised treatment). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) completed annually for 6 years were analysed by initial treatment and censored for subsequent treatments. Mixed effects models were adjusted for baseline characteristics using propensity scores. Results Treatment-received analyses revealed different impacts of treatments over 6 years. Men remaining on AM experienced gradual declines in sexual and urinary function with age (e.g., increases in erectile dysfunction from 35% of men at baseline to 53% at 6 years and nocturia similarly from 20% to 38%). Radical treatment impacts were immediate and continued over 6 years. After RP, 95% of men reported erectile dysfunction persisting for 85% at 6 years, and after EBRT this was reported by 69% and 74%, respectively (P < 0.001 compared with AM). After RP, 36% of men reported urinary leakage requiring at least 1 pad/day, persisting for 20% at 6 years, compared with no change in men receiving EBRT or AM (P < 0.001). Worse bowel function and bother (e.g., bloody stools 6% at 6 years and faecal incontinence 10%) was experienced by men after EBRT than after RP or AM (P < 0.001) with lesser effects after BT. No treatment affected mental or physical QoL. Conclusion Treatment decision-making for localised prostate cancer can be informed by these 6-year functional and QoL outcomes

Menjaring Angin : Realisme dan Pengharapan Masa Kini Berdasarkan Kitab Pengkhotbah

Jakartaviii, 246 p.; 20 c

The message of holiness

Downers Grove, IL313 hlm.; 51 c

Teologi penggembalaan

Malang420 p.; 22 cm

Thy Kingdom Come

Starting with the prayer, ‘Your kingdom come’, this paper introduces the sources of the idea of the Kingdom of God which was central to the person, mission and teaching of Jesus. After some preliminary general comments about the Kingdom of God in the New Testament, the teaching of Jesus about its present and future dimensions are reviewed before the latter is more fully explored. Paul’s teaching on the coming kingdom is then surveyed and finally the perspective of apocalyptic is introduced. A brief discursive mentions the relationship between the kingdom and the cross. The paper concludes by referring to the implications of praying, ‘Your kingdom come’

α7β1 Integrin Does Not Alleviate Disease in a Mouse Model of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2F

Transgenic expression of the α7β1 integrin in the dystrophic mdx/utr(−/−) mouse decreases development of muscular dystrophy and enhances longevity. To explore the possibility that elevating α7β1 integrin expression could also ameliorate different forms of muscular dystrophy, we used transgenic technology to enhance integrin expression in mice lacking δ-sarcoglycan (δ sgc), a mouse model for human limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2F. Unlike α7 transgenic mdx/utr(−/−) mice, enhanced α7β1 integrin expression in the δ sgc-null mouse did not alleviate muscular dystrophy in these animals. Expression of the transgene in the δ sgc-null did not alleviate dystrophic histopathology, nor did it decrease cardiomyopathy or restore exercise tolerance. One hallmark of integrin-mediated alleviation of muscular dystrophy in the mdx/utr(−/−) background is the restoration of myotendinous junction integrity. As assessed by atomic force microscopy, myotendinous junctions from normal and δ sgc-null mice were indistinguishable, thus suggesting the important influence of myotendinous junction integrity on the severity of muscular dystrophy and providing a possible explanation for the inability of enhanced integrin expression to alleviate dystrophy in the δ sgc-null mouse. These results suggest that distinct mechanisms underlie the development of the diseases that arise from deficiencies in dystrophin and sarcoglycan