An Integrated Approach for Mining Meta-Rules 1

Abstract: An integrated approach of mining association rules and meta-rules based on a hyper-structure is put forward. In this approach, time serial databases are partitioned according to time segments, and the total number of scanning database is only twice. In the first time, a set of 1-frequent itemsets and its projection database are formed at every partition. Then every projected database is scanned to construct a hyper-structure. Through mining the hyper-structure, various rules, for example, global association rules, meta-rules, stable association rules and trend rules etc. can be obtained. Compared with existing algorithms for mining association rule, our approach can mine and obtain more useful rules. Compared with existing algorithms for meta-mining or change mining, our approach has higher efficiency. The experimental results show that our approach is very promising

Cosmological constraints on the generalized holographic dark energy

We use the Markov ChainMonte Carlo method to investigate global constraints on the generalized holographic (GH) dark energy with flat and non-flat universe from the current observed data: the Union2 dataset of type supernovae Ia (SNIa), high-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), the observational Hubble data (OHD), the cluster X-ray gas mass fraction, the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. The most stringent constraints on the GH model parameter are obtained. In addition, it is found that the equation of state for this generalized holographic dark energy can cross over the phantom boundary wde =-1.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: significant text overlap with arXiv:1105.186

Choose your cell model wisely: The in vitro nanoneurotoxicity of differentially coated iron oxide nanoparticles for neural cell labeling

Currently, there is a large interest in the labeling of neural stem cells (NSCs) with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to allow MRI-guided detection after transplantation in regenerative medicine. For such biomedical applications, excluding nanotoxicity is key. Nanosafety is primarily evaluated in vitro where an immortalized or cancer cell line of murine origin is often applied, which is not necessarily an ideal cell model. Previous work revealed clear neurotoxic effects of PMA-coated IONPs in distinct cell types that could potentially be applied for nanosafety studies regarding neural cell labeling. Here, we aimed to assess if DMSA-coated IONPs could be regarded as a safer alternative for this purpose and how the cell model impacted our nanosafety optimization study. Hereto, we evaluated cytotoxicity, ROS production, calcium levels, mitochondrial homeostasis and cell morphology in six related neural cell types, namely neural stem cells, an immortalized cell line and a cancer cell line from human and murine origin. The cell lines mostly showed similar responses to both IONPs, which were frequently more pronounced for the PMA-IONPs. Of note, ROS and calcium levels showed opposite trends in the human and murine NSCs, indicating the importance of the species. Indeed, the human cell models were overall more sensitive than their murine counterpart. Despite the clear cell type-specific nanotoxicity profiles, our multiparametric approach revealed that the DMSA-IONPs outperformed the PMA-IONPs in terms of biocompatibility in each cell type. However, major cell type-dependent variations in the observed effects additionally warrant the use of relevant human cell models.status: publishe

Two-Stream Xception Structure Based on Feature Fusion for DeepFake Detection

Abstract DeepFake may have a crucial impact on people’s lives and reduce the trust in digital media, so DeepFake detection methods have developed rapidly. Most existing detection methods rely on single-space features (mostly RGB features), and there is still relatively little research on multi-space feature fusion. At the same time, a lot of existing methods used a single receptive field, which leads to models that cannot extract information of different scales. In order to solve the above problems, we propose a two-stream Xception network structure (Tception) that fused RGB spatial feature and noise-space feature. This network structure consists of two main parts. The first part is a feature fusion module, which can adaptively fuse RGB feature and noise-space feature generated by RGB images through SRM filters. The second part is the two-stream network structure, which utilizes a parallel structure of convolutional kernels of different sizes allowing the network to learn features of different scales. The experiments show that the proposed method improves performance compared to the Xception network. Compared to SSTNet, the detection accuracy of the Neural Textures is improved by nearly 8%

Investigating the Deformation and Failure Mechanism of a Submarine Tunnel with Flexible Joints Subjected to Strike-Slip Faults

Knowledge from historical earthquake events indicates that a submarine tunnel crossing active strike-slip faults is prone to be damaged in an earthquake. Previous studies have demonstrated that the flexible joints are an effective measure for a submarine tunnel crossing a strike-slip fault. The background project of this paper is the second submarine tunnel of Jiaozhou bay. In this work, model tests and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the deformation and failure mechanism of a submarine tunnel with flexible joints under a strike-slip fault dislocation. The influence of strike-slip faults on a tunnel with flexible joints has been investigated by examining the deformation of rock mass surface, analyzing lining stains, and crack propagation from model tests. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the effects of the design parameters of a tunnel with flexible joints on the mechanical response of the lining. The results showed that the ‘articulated design’ measure can improve the ability of the tunnel to resist the strike-slip faults. In terms of the mechanism of design parameters of a tunnel with flexible joints, this paper finds that increasing the lining thickness, decreasing the lining segment length, and decreasing the tunnel diameter to a reasonable extent could effectively improve the performance of this faulting resistance measure for a tunnel under the strike-slip fault zone dislocation. Compared with the horseshoe tunnel cross-section, the circular tunnel cross-section can improve the ability of the faulting resistance of a tunnel with flexible joints, while the optimal angle of the tunnel crossing the fault zone is 90º. It is concluded that the wider fault zone, smaller flexible joint width, and less stiffness of the flexible joint could make lining safer under a strike-slip fault dislocation. The above research results can serve as a necessary theoretical reference and technical support for the design of reinforcement measures for a submarine tunnel with flexible joints under strike-slip fault dislocation

Facile Fabrication of Reduction-Responsive Supramolecular Nanoassemblies for Co-delivery of Doxorubicin and Sorafenib toward Hepatoma Cells

Combination of doxorubicin with sorafenib (SF) was reported to be a promising strategy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we designed a reduction-responsive supramolecular nanosystem based on poly (ethylene glycol)-β-cyclodextrin (PEG-CD) and a disulfide-containing adamantine-terminated doxorubicin prodrug (AD) for efficient co-delivery of doxorubicin and sorafenib. PEG-CD/AD supramolecular amphiphiles were formed through host-guest interaction between cyclodextrin and adamantine moieties, and then self-assembled into regular spherical nanoparticles with a uniform size of 166.4 nm. Flow cytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that PEG-CD/AD nanoparticles could be successfully taken up by HepG2 cells and then released doxorubicin into the cell nuclei. Moreover, sorafenib could be facilely encapsulated into the hydrophobic cores to form PEG-CD/AD/SF nanoparticles with a slightly larger size of 186.2 nm. PEG-CD/AD/SF nanoparticles sequentially released sorafenib and doxorubicin in a reduction-response manner. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that PEG-CD/AD/SF nanoparticles had an approximately 4.7-fold decrease in the IC50 value compared to that of PEG-CD/AD and SF physical mixtures, indicating stronger inhibitory effect against HepG2 cells by co-loading these two drugs. In summary, this novel supramolecular nanosystem provided a simple strategy to co-deliver doxorubicin and sorafenib toward hepatoma cells, which showed promising potential for treatment of HCC

Investigating the Deformation and Failure Mechanism of a Submarine Tunnel with Flexible Joints Subjected to Strike-Slip Faults

Knowledge from historical earthquake events indicates that a submarine tunnel crossing active strike-slip faults is prone to be damaged in an earthquake. Previous studies have demonstrated that the flexible joints are an effective measure for a submarine tunnel crossing a strike-slip fault. The background project of this paper is the second submarine tunnel of Jiaozhou bay. In this work, model tests and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the deformation and failure mechanism of a submarine tunnel with flexible joints under a strike-slip fault dislocation. The influence of strike-slip faults on a tunnel with flexible joints has been investigated by examining the deformation of rock mass surface, analyzing lining stains, and crack propagation from model tests. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the effects of the design parameters of a tunnel with flexible joints on the mechanical response of the lining. The results showed that the ‘articulated design’ measure can improve the ability of the tunnel to resist the strike-slip faults. In terms of the mechanism of design parameters of a tunnel with flexible joints, this paper finds that increasing the lining thickness, decreasing the lining segment length, and decreasing the tunnel diameter to a reasonable extent could effectively improve the performance of this faulting resistance measure for a tunnel under the strike-slip fault zone dislocation. Compared with the horseshoe tunnel cross-section, the circular tunnel cross-section can improve the ability of the faulting resistance of a tunnel with flexible joints, while the optimal angle of the tunnel crossing the fault zone is 90º. It is concluded that the wider fault zone, smaller flexible joint width, and less stiffness of the flexible joint could make lining safer under a strike-slip fault dislocation. The above research results can serve as a necessary theoretical reference and technical support for the design of reinforcement measures for a submarine tunnel with flexible joints under strike-slip fault dislocation

Synthesized Magnolol Derivatives Improve Anti-Micropterus salmoides Rhabdovirus (MSRV) Activity In Vivo

Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is a primary viral pathogen in largemouth bass aquaculture, which leads to tremendous economic losses yearly. Currently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment and control of this virus. Our previous studies screened the herb Magnolia officinalis from many traditional Chinese medicines, and we isolated and identified magnolol as its main active compound against multiple rhabdoviruses, including MSRV. On the basis of the structure–activity relationship and pharmacophore model of magnolol, two new magnolol derivatives, namely, hydrogenated magnolol and 2,2′-dimethoxy-magnolol, were designed and synthesized. Their anti-MSRV activities were systematically investigated both in vitro and in vivo. By comparing the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), it was found that hydrogenated magnolol possessed a higher anti-MSRV activity than magnolol and 2,2′-dimethoxy-magnolol, with an IC50 of 13.37 μM. Furthermore, hydrogenated magnolol exhibited a protective effect on the grass carp ovary (GCO) cell line by reducing the cytopathic effect induced by MSRV. Further studies revealed that hydrogenated magnolol did not directly impact virions or interfere with MSRV adsorption. It worked within the 6–8 h of the phase of virus replication. In vivo treatment of MSRV infection with magnolol and hydrogenated magnolol showed that they significantly improved the survival rate by 44.6% and 62.7%, respectively, compared to MSRV-infected groups. The viral load measured by the expression of viral glycoprotein in the organs including the liver, spleen, and kidney also significantly decreased when fish were intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Altogether, the structural optimization of magnolol via hydrogenation of the propylene groups increased its anti-MSRV activity both in vitro and in vivo. These results may provide a valuable reference for anti-MSRV drug discovery and development in aquaculture