Epidemiology of rotavirus in Southern Vietnam : results of a sentinel surveillance from 2013 to 2018

Rotavirus infects nearly every child by the age of 3–5 years and is the leading cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea in children aged <5 years worldwide. In Vietnam, nearly haft of diarrhea-related deaths are accounted for Rotavirus; the country also had one of the highest Rotavirus hospitalization figures in South East Asia. The two Rotavirus vaccines (Rotarix and Rotateq) were licensed in the state and available in the private sector, as well as Rotavin-M1 - a local licensed vaccine. In 1998, the Rotavirus sentinel surveillance was initiated in Vietnam. This study aimed to describe the Rotavirus sentinel surveillance findings from 2013 to 2018, including epics profile, clinical features, and genotyping information among hospitalized children under five years of age. Methods: A hospital-based study was performed from the Rotavirus sentinel surveillance at Paediatric Hospital No.1 in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Data were collected from children between 0 and 59 months of age whose primary reason for hospitalization was acute watery diarrhea. Children were included in the vaccine effectiveness analysis (VE) if they were at least six months old at the time of notification. Results: During 2013-2018, of 5,179 acute diarrhea cases included in the study, Rotavirus was detected in 2,424 cases (46.80%), a downward trend was observed from 2013 (55.27%) to 2018 (43.54%). Dry season months (from November to April) witnessed a 2.4 times higher occurrence of Rotavirus positive cases compared to rainy season months (May to October) (OR=2.4, 95% CI: 2.14 - 2.692, p<0.001). The mortality rate was 0.04%. The typical symptoms associated with Rotavirus AGE were vomiting (present of vomiting, average max number per day, duration), dehydration status, present of fever, diarrhea (average max number per day) (p<0.05). Rotavirus AGE was more likely to be severe than the negative group (p<0.001). Of 1,107 Rotavirus positive cases had PCR isolated for genotyping, G3P[8] was the most common G-P combined genotype (43.18%), followed by G8P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4] (constituted 19.69%, 12.92%, and 12.83%, respectively). We observed an enormous genotyping shift from 2013 to 2018: G3P[8] became more frequent during 2014-2018, with the rise from 8.13% in 2013 to a peak of 60.65% in 2017, then decreased to 41.15% in 2018. In contrast, G1P[8] considerably dropped from 69.92% in 2013 to no case in 2018. There also occurred a change in G8P[8] and G2P[4] prevalence. From no case in 2013, G8P[8] leaped to a peak of 47.21% in 2016 and was the predominant genotype at that year, before went down to 23.92% in 2018. G2P[4] showed a slight upward trend from 2013 to 2014 (from 15.45% to 37.41%), then dropped to 0.43% in 2016, before went up to 16.27% in 2018. The percentage of vaccinees among the study population was meager (3.84%). Among children ≥ 6 months of age, getting a completed schedule of Rotavirus vaccine in general, and the Rotarix vaccine in particular, had vaccine effectiveness against Rotavirus AGE at 82.34% (95% CI: 70.33%-89.49%), and 85.90% (95% CI: 74.10%-92.30%), respectively. Rotarix VE for G3P[8] was 88.35% (95% CI: 52.50%-97.14%). Conclusions: The findings in our study suggested that Rotavirus infection was still a significant cause of acute watery diarrhea among hospitalized children younger than five years old in Vietnam. There is a need to consider the recommended vaccine to use in the National Immunization Program in the dramatic genotyping shift situation. In addition to monitoring genotypes, whole genomic characterization of circulating Rotavirus strains before and after vaccine introduction will help to assess the vaccines' efficacy.open석

Building forecast maps of water quaůity for main rivers and canals in Tien Giang province, Vietnam

This study aims to enhance the mapping of forecast for water quality assessment in Mekong Delta provinces. The data from 32 sites from main rivers and canals in an area of around 2,482 km2 in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam, were used for calculation and mapping. The ArcGIS 9.3 software, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, hydrologic data, and water quality parameters in March (2010-2014) were applied to build the maps showing 2020 water quality predictions for main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province. The estimation was based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) with 6 parameters such as pH, total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T_N), and coliform. The results showed that water quality in the studied area in dry season will not be improved by the year 2020. The finding could be a scientific reference for the selection of effective approaches to improve water quality in main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province

Research on Factors Affecting the Intention to Maintain a Long-Term Relationship in Franchising in Vietnam

Purpose: This study examines the factors in franchising that influence satisfaction and intention to maintain a long-term relationship.   Theoretical framework: This study applies the theory of consumer behavior to prove that the factors of cooperation, support, trust, commitment, brand value, and commitment are the factors that affect customer satisfaction through table design.   Design/Methodology/Approach: This study obtained 386 valid answers that were coded and cleaned using SPSS and AMOS software, after cleaning and coding, the reliability test, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to determine CFA and test the SEM hypothesis.   Findings:  This study shows that four independent factors are trust, cooperation, brand value, and cost, which are factors that indirectly affect the intention to maintain the relationship in franchising, franchise through the intermediate variable is satisfaction.   Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: This study proposes a number of governance implications to increase the intention to maintain the franchisor-franchise relationship.   Originality/Value: This study examined the factors that indirectly affect the intention to maintain the relationship in the franchise system through the mediating variable. At the same time, the study also tries to clarify how the influence of the identified factors has an indirect effect on the intention to maintain a relationship in the franchise

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CHANGWON CITY, SOUTH KOREA

Changwon City, located in the southern central region of Gyeongsangnam-do in South Korea, has become a major center of industrial economy in the central region of Gyeongnam. To achieve good waste management can be done by handling: institutional aspects, financial aspects, regulatory aspects (legal), aspects of community participation, and operational technical aspects. The purposes of this research are to find out the participation of the community in Changwon City, South Korea and to investigate the type of management carried out in Changwon City, South Korea. The literature study method uses secondary data from Changwon City, South Korea and several studies on waste management to support and supplement information from the interviews. Government of South Korea adopted the concept of a volume-based waste fee system and collecting the recyclable waste, which is a volume-based waste disposal system, where each citizen has to pay for every plastic waste that will be used. The greater the waste production will need the greater the costs. Communities are required to sort out their waste before putting it in a plastic bag according to the type of waste, especially waste that can still be recycled. Korea has also established an expanded producer responsibility system and recycles its construction waste. Korea's waste information system has resulted in cost savings, promoted transparency, and eliminated illegal waste disposal. The effects of this policy include reducing the production of solid household waste, contributing to the completion of separate disposal, collecting waste and recyclable goods securing the cost of waste treatment from the benefits of the VBWF system and economic utilization

Periodic solutions for Boussinesq systems in weak-Morrey spaces

We prove the existence and polynomial stability of periodic mild solutions for Boussinesq systems in critical weak-Morrey spaces for dimension $n\geqslant3$. Those systems are derived via the Boussinesq approximation and describe the movement of an incompressible viscous fluid under natural convection filling the whole space $\mathbb{R}^{n}$. Using certain dispersive and smoothing properties of heat semigroups on Morrey-Lorentz spaces as well as Yamazaki-type estimate on block spaces, we prove the existence of bounded mild solutions for the linear equations corresponding to the Boussinesq system. Then, we establish a Massera-type theorem to obtain the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions to corresponding linear equations on the half-line by using a mean-ergodic method. Next, using fixed point arguments, we can pass from linear equations to prove the existence uniqueness and polynomial stability of such solutions for Boussinesq systems. Finally, we apply the results to Navier-Stokes equations.Comment: 18 page

On stability problem for the stationary Boussinesq system in Morrey-type spaces

In this paper we establish the asymptotic stability of steady solutions for the Boussinesq systems in the framework of Cartesian product of critical weak-Morrey spaces on $\mathbb{R}^n$, where $n \geqslant 3$. In our strategy, we first establish the continuity for the long time of the bilinear terms associated with the mild solutions of the Boussinesq systems, i.e., the bilinear estimates by using only the norm of the present spaces. As a direct consequence, we obtain the existence of global small mild solutions and asymptotic stability of steady solutions of the Boussinesq systems in the class of continuous functions from $[0, \infty)$ to the Cartesian product of critical weak-Morrey spaces. Our techniques consist interpolation of operators, duality, heat semigroup estimates , Holder and Young inequalities in block spaces (based on Lorentz spaces) that are preduals of Morrey-Lorentz spaces. Our results are generalized the previous ones of the steady Boussinesq systems in weak-$L^p$ spaces obtained by Hishida [T. Hishida, {\it On a class of Stable Steady flow to the Exterior Convection Problem}, Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 141, Iss. 1 (1997), pages 54-85] and Ferreira et al. [L.C.F. Ferreira and E.J. Villamizar-Roa, {\it On the stability problem for the Boussinesq equations in weak-$L^p$ spaces}, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. (2010), Vol. 9, No. 3, pages 667-684] and of the Navier-Stokes equations in Morrey spaces obtained by Kozono et al. [H. Kozono and M. Yamazaki, {\it The stability of small stationary solutions in Morrey Spaces of the Navier-Stokes equation}, Indiana University Mathematics Journal, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1995), pages 1307-1336].Comment: 17 page

Attitudes toward Self-Disclosure on Facebook: A Review of Perception, Emotion and Behavior in University Students

A number of social networking platforms have emerged as a result of the development of information and communication technology which have become increasingly user-friendly and full with valuable features. The social networking site with most users is Facebook. Teenagers, particularly college students use Facebook most frequently to study, gain information, entertain themselves and connect with others through self-disclosing personal information on the Facebook profile page. This quantitative study aimed to analyze the attitude of pedagogical students regarding self-disclosure on Facebook as represented through cognition, emotion and behavior concerning academic achievement. The survey was completed by 535university student’s majority in pedagogy. There were 41 students who used it for less than three years between three to five years by 218 students and 276 students who use it more than five years. The questionnaire was self-reported by participants to assess university students' attitudes toward self-disclosure on Facebook. The results indicate that pedagogical students with excellent academic achievement and more than five years of Facebook experience had the highest-level attitude toward self-disclosure on Facebook. The results indicate a positive relationship between cognition, emotion and influence factors students' Facebook attitudes. Future research on methods that enhance student positive disclosure can benefit from this study. Future research should examine how self-disclosure on Facebook relates to other aspects, such as Facebook usage time, financial state and perception of advantages and its disadvantages of Facebook in order to evaluate students' attitudes objectively

AN INVESTIGATION INTO QUANG TRI PRIMARY SCHOOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER’S PERSPECTIVE OF ICT INTEGRATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

With the transition from face-to-face classes to online classes during Covid-19 epidemic, teachers in Quang Tri have no choice but to integrate ICT into their teaching. At this time ICT has become the most essential tool in educational settings and the subject of many researchers. This study aims to investigate how English teachers perceived ICT integration in terms of the benefits, difficulties as well as challenges of incorporating ICT. The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, i.e., questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that the majority of English teachers had a positive perception of integrating ICT due to its effectiveness. However, it was also reported that lack of technical support from schools, and limited knowledge and training in ICT discouraged teachers from using ICT. The study offers useful implications for teachers to integrate ICT in teaching English during the pandemic time.  Article visualizations

Investigating the elements influencing the psychological issues of reform school students

Reformatory students are those whose deviant behaviors and habits prevent them from receiving education under normal educational conditions. These students frequently lead a careless, undisciplined lifestyle, being unwilling to work and learn eager to play and demanding. Therefore, when they are admitted to reformatories with severe study and lifestyle requirements, they have great psychological difficulty adjusting to their new environment. Students’ psychological issues in adapting to reformatory learning and living regimes are difficult and psychological deficits make it challenging for students to adapt to reformatory learning and living conditions. In Vietnam, 665 students from reformatory schools were polled to determine the causes of psychological issues. According to the findings, a variety of elements contribute to students’ psychological difficulties. Individual student conditions such as health, awareness, attitudes and actions as well as inappropriate habits, living without goals or aspirations, etc. are on the subjective side of the equation. On the objective side are the students’ conditions, family, education and psychological obstacles brought on by less-than-ideal circumstances which will make it more difficult for community students to adapt. Both the new school and society must pay more attention to reformatory students in order to establish the conditions necessary for successful integration into the new school and ultimate readmission into society for these students

Comparative population genetics of swimming crab host (Portunus pelagicus) and common symbiotic barnacle (Octolasmis angulata) in Vietnam

Background By comparing spatial geographical structures of host populations with that of their symbionts light can be shed on their biological interactions, and the degree of congruence between host and symbiont phylogeographies should reflect their life histories and especially dispersal mechanisms. Methods Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity and structure of a host, the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, and its symbiotic pedunculate barnacle Octolasmis angulata from six location sites representing three geographic regions (north, central and south) along the Vietnam coastline. High levels of congruence in their phylogeographic patterns were expected as they both undergo planktonic larval stages. Results Based on the COI mtDNA markers, O. angulata populations showed higher genetic diversity in comparison with their host P. pelagicus (number of haplotype/individuals, haplotype and nucleotide diversity are 119/192, 0.991 ± 0.002 and 0.02; and 89/160, 0.913 ± 0.02 and 0.015, respectively). Pairwise Fst and AMOVA analyses showed a more pronounced population structure in the symbiotic barnacle than in its crab host. The DAPC analyses identified three genetic clusters. However, both haplotype networks and scatter plots supported connectivity of the host and the symbiotic barnacle throughout their distribution range, except for low subdivision of southern population. Isolation by distance were detected only for the symbiont O. angulata (R2 = 0.332, P = 0.05), while dbMEM supported spatial structure of both partners, but only at MEM-1 (Obs. 0.2686, P < 0.01 and Obs. 0.2096, P < 0.01, respectively).publishedVersio