Model Predictive Control Based Energy Management Algorithm for a Hybrid Excavator

The Volvo Group has an ambitious plan to efficiencies its construction equipment vehicles with an introduction of a hybrid engine. This Master thesis is based on, as a first approach, to control the energy split in a hybrid construction equipment vehicle (HCEV) with the control strategy Model Predictive Control (MPC). The work is divided into two main parts, where the first one is to create a piece-wise affine system (PWA) of the nonlinear plant and secondly to define the control strategy. Multiple linear models are created from the different mathematical descriptions with the Taylor expansion and then divided in space with polytopes to represent the hybrid dynamics properly. After that, the MPC strategy is to be created and this is done by defining a cost function, where selected variables should follow some trajectory. At each sample, the MPC controller should compute an optimal control signal during the prediction and control horizon to minimize the fuel consumption, make the internal combustion engine run at a favourable rotational speed and save the durability on the battery. The control problem is simulated in Simulink with a pre-defined driving cycle, as can be seen as an artificial user for the HCEV, which generates a power demand that needs to be satisfie

Multivariate credibility with application to cross-selling financial services products

In this thesis, methods that are capable of improving the revenue and profitability of a financial services company are presented. Of particular interest is the use of customer specific information for pricing insurance products and segmenting a customer population based on the expected profitability of the customers. A prerequisite is the possibility for customers to have many different financial services products from the same provider. The thesis presents multivariate credibility models for how customer specific information from one (or many) financial services products is related to customer specific information from another financial services product. The models are foremost applied to the context of cross-selling (selling additional products to existing customers) where customer specific information from the offered cross-sale product is not available before the sale. As products are related, it is reasonable to use an appropriate (credible) amount of customer specific information from another product (or products), for estimating the profitability expected to emerge from the offered cross-sale product. In four separate but related articles, it is shown that having appropriate models for pricing and customer segmentation is of great importance for a financial services company aiming at running a profitable and growing business

Bayesian modeling of networks in complex business intelligence problems

Complex network data problems are increasingly common in many fields of application. Our motivation is drawn from strategic marketing studies monitoring customer choices of specific products, along with co-subscription networks encoding multiple purchasing behavior. Data are available for several agencies within the same insurance company, and our goal is to efficiently exploit co-subscription networks to inform targeted advertising of cross-sell strategies to currently mono-product customers. We address this goal by developing a Bayesian hierarchical model, which clusters agencies according to common mono-product customer choices and co-subscription networks. Within each cluster, we efficiently model customer behavior via a cluster-dependent mixture of latent eigenmodels. This formulation provides key information on mono-product customer choices and multiple purchasing behavior within each cluster, informing targeted cross-sell strategies. We develop simple algorithms for tractable inference, and assess performance in simulations and an application to business intelligence

All-reflective coupling of two optical cavities with 3-port diffraction gratings

The shot-noise limited sensitivity of Michelson-type laser interferometers with Fabry-Perot arm cavities can be increased by the so-called power-recycling technique. In such a scheme the power-recycling cavity is optically coupled with the interferometer's arm cavities. A problem arises because the central coupling mirror transmits a rather high laser power and may show thermal lensing, thermo-refractive noise and photo-thermo-refractive noise. Cryogenic cooling of this mirror is also challenging, and thus thermal noise becomes a general problem. Here, we theoretically investigate an all-reflective coupling scheme of two optical cavities based on a 3-port diffraction grating. We show that power-recycling of a high-finesse arm cavity is possible without transmitting any laser power through a substrate material. The power splitting ratio of the three output ports of the grating is, surprisingly, noncritical

Placental ischemia and changes in umbilical and uteroplacental arterial and venous hemodynamics.

Objective: To relate Doppler velocimetry findings in fetoplacental and uteroplacental circulation to placental histomorphology. Material and methods: In 14 uncomplicated and 31 high-risk pregnancies Doppler velocimetry was performed in umbilical artery and vein, and in maternal uterine veins and arteries during the second half of gestation. Histopathology of the placentas was examined, especially for signs of ischemia and inflammation. Results: All fetuses in uncomplicated pregnancies had normal flow velocity waveforms in umbilical artery; in the high-risk group, 18 fetuses had abnormal flow (increased PI or absent/reverse end-diastolic flow). The latter group had more often high ischemic score and infarctions in the placenta than found in pregnancies with normal umbilical artery flow (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). Similarly, the abnormal uterine artery flow pattern (uterine artery score 3-4) occurred more often with high ischemic score and placenta infarctions (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). No significant associations were found between the uterine venous flow type and placental ischemia. Conclusion: Placental ischemic morphological changes were associated with Doppler ultrasound signs of increased resistance to arterial blood flow, both on the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta. No significant relation to the uterine venous flow velocities was found

Optimal customer customer selection for cross-selling of financial services products

A new methodology, for optimal customer selection in cross-selling of financial services products, such as mortgage loans and non life insurance contracts, is presented. The optimal cross-sales selection of prospects is such that the expected profit is maximized, while at the same time the risk of suffering future losses is minimized. Expected profit maximization and mean–variance optimization are considered as alternative optimality criteria. In order to solve these optimality problems a stochastic model of the profit, expected to emerge from a single cross-sales prospect and from a selection of prospects, is developed. The related probability distributions of the profit are derived, both for small and large portfolio sizes and in the latter case, asymptotic normality is established. The proposed, profit optimization methodology is thoroughly tested, based on a real data set from a large Swedish insurance company and is shown to achieve considerable profit gains, compared to traditional cross-selling methods, which use only the estimated sales probabilities