Why Therapists Bite Their Tongue in Therapy and What to Do About It

Most therapists agree that therapy should be a place where the unspeakable is speakable, and the role of the therapist should be to help the client find a way to change by exploring the patterns of behavior that are no longer working for the client. Being blunt in therapy seems to be one of the key factors needed to promote immediacy, to challenge habitual ways of thinking that are not productive for our clients, and to create a relationship that is different from social and professional relationships. However, many therapists have distorted beliefs about using bluntness in therapy to stimulate curiosity and productivity, because of their own schemas/beliefs about what therapy is or about speaking one’s mind. This paper will explore why clinical trainees bite their tongues in therapy, and what to do about it through the lens of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). To explore distorted beliefs that some therapists have about being blunt in therapy, I consulted with fellow students and myself, asking what it would be like to be blunt and say what we are thinking in therapy and, if they felt reluctant to do so, what would be the worst thing that could happen if they would speak out. I have categorized these personal communications down to six beliefs that my fellow student-therapists and I have about ourselves and our clients, that keep us from being blunt in therapy

Fault and magmatic interaction within Iceland's western rift over the last 9kyr

We present high-resolution 'Chirp' sub-bottom profiler data from Thingvallavatn, a lake in Iceland's western rift zone. These data are combined with stratigraphic constraints from sediment cores to show that movement on normal faults since 9 ka are temporally correlated with magmatic events, indicating that movements were controlled by episodic dyke intrusion. Sediment depo-centres and the focus of subsidence migrated westwards over 3-4 kyr towards the locus of subsequent brittle failure. We interpret this subsidence as related to dyke intrusion a few km along strike, originating from the Hengill volcanic system, which occurred prior to major dyking, faulting and subsidence within the lake at 1.9 ka

Gauge independent description of Aharonov-Bohm Effect

The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is a pure quantum effect that implies a measurable phase shift in the wave function for a charged particle that encircles a magnetic flux located in a region \textit{inaccessible} to the particle. Classically, such a non-local effect appears to be impossible since the Lorentz force depends on only the magnetic field at the location of the particle. In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian, and thus the Schr\"odinger equation, has a local coupling between the current due to the particle, and the electromagnetic vector potential $\mathbf{A}$, which extends to the entire space beyond the region with finite magnetic field. This has sometimes been interpreted as meaning that in quantum mechanics $\mathbf{A}$ is in some sense more "fundamental" than $\mathbf {B}$ in spite of the former being gauge dependent, and thus unobservable. Here we shall, with a general proof followed by a few examples, demonstrate that the AB-effect can be fully accounted for by considering only the gauge invariant $\mathbf{B}$ field, as long as it is included as part of the quantum action of the entire isolated system. The price for the gauge invariant formulation is that we must give up locality -- the AB-phase for the particle will arise from the change in the action for the $\mathbf{B}$ field in the region inaccessible to the particle

Speech Entrainment to Improve Spontaneous Speech in Broca\u27s Aphasia.

Speech entrainment, a treatment method that requires participants to mimic the speech of an audiovisual model in real time, has been shown to benefit individuals with non-fluent aphasia when they speak about trained topics. It is unclear if it improves spontaneous speech, which does not pertain to trained items, in the same way. In an effort to investigate this matter, the current study examined the effects of speech entrainment on spontaneous speech that does not relate to trained items, it also estimated effect sizes associated with improvements in speech production as a result of this treatment approach, and explored participant characteristics associated with treatment response. Twenty participants were recruited to participate in this study. Each participant received three weeks of treatment and underwent extensive speech and language testing before and after treatment had concluded, as well as testing of discourse abilities pre-treatment, post treatment, at three months post treatment and again at six months post-treatment. We found that speech entrainment treatment does in fact improve spontaneous speech for some people with non-fluent aphasia. The number of words and different words per minute in participants’ speech samples did not increase for everybody, but the accuracy of the information content that the participants uttered was found to increase significantly. Notably, there was also a significant positive change in aphasia quotient scores, picture naming, semantic processing and grammatical processing. Analysis of functional brain activity supported previous findings of the importance of pMTG for speech entrainment and how changes in activity could predict changes in both fluency and informativeness of spontaneous speech output

Behovsstyrning av ventilation

Arbetet inriktade sig på behovsstyrning i bostäder och fastigheter i allmänhet, samtidigt som man inte får bortse från myndighetskraven på ventilationssystem. Ventilationsanläggningens energiförbrukning är ganska stor så det finns en del energi att spara. Finland har förbundit sig att ratificera 2020-avtalet, så det börjar bli bråttom ur den synvinkeln. Samtidigt beaktar arbetet myndigheternas direktiv och förordningar. På samma gång ökar ventilationskraven då husen blir allt tätare och därtill ökar även kylbehovet i nyare tätare hus. Det finns ett behov av öka behovsstyrningen i fastigheterna. Trots att behovsstyrningen funnits i snart 30 år är den ganska långt outnyttjad. Det är först på senare år som det blivit vanligt med behovsstyrning i bostadshus.Työssä keskityttiin huoneisto säätölaitteiston tarpeisiin asunto- ja kiinteistöyhtiötä yleensä. Samalla otettiin huomioon myös viranomaisten direktiivejä ja asetuksia koskien ilmanvaihtojärjestelmiä. Ilmanvaihdon energiankulutus on merkittävä, joten löytyy energiansäästöä, mikäli ilmanvaihtojärjestelmä on oikein mitoitettu. Ilmanvaihdon merkitys kasvaa nykyaikaisessa taloissa jotka eristetään hyvin tiiviiksi. Samalla kasvaa myös kylmäsäätö tarve taloissa, jotta hyvä sisäilmasto saavutaan. Huolimatta siitä että sisäilma tekniikka on ollut olemassa noin 30 vuotta, niin se on kuitenkin varsin uusi toteutuksessa. On vasta viime vuosina, kun se on yleistynyt asuinrakennuksissa. Suomi on sitoutunut ratifioimaan 2020 sopimuksen ja jotta sopimus täyttyy, niin on korkea aikaa toimia.This work focus on indoor climate control needs in housing and real estate in general. It also follows the authorities´ directives and regulations regarding ventilation systems. A ventilation system consumes a noticeable amount of energy. Therefore there is energy savings to be made by improving the efficiency of the ventilation system. The need for a correct ventilation increase as the houses are being built more airtight and with thicker walls. At the same time the increased amount of insulation also increase the need for cooling in the houses. This leads to a greater need for indoor climate control in general. Although climate control has been around for almost 30 years it is still a relatively new technology regarding implementation. It is only in recent years that it has become common with climate control in residential buildings. Finland has committed to ratifying the 2020- agreement and in order to meet the targets in the agreement action is now needed