A Murine Model of Shigellosis: Pathophysiology of Shiga Toxin-2 Secreting Citrobacter Rodentium

Graduate Basi

Agricultural Issues on the Ballot: The 2009 Ohio Issue 2 Campaign

First Place Social Sciences, 2011 CFAES Undergraduate Research ForumAn in-depth case study was conducted of the November 2009 ballot initiative that created the Ohio Livestock Care Standards board. Key individuals who were involved in communications campaigns dealing with the ballot initiative were interviewed and media coverage was closely analyzed. The interviews examined questions dealing with the origin of the initiative, the types of media used to promote it, the budget for the media campaign and which types of media were viewed as the most valuable and successful. The information obtained will reveal which types of media are must effective in reaching consumers about agricultural issues. By examining a successful agricultural communications campaign, insight will be gained about how other groups can best reach the public and persuade them to support legislation benefiting the agricultural industry.No embarg

Louisville Jewish Hospital’s “Tikkun Olam”: A Case Example of Continuity for American Jewish Hospitals

According to Mary Wagner, the author of Jewish Hospitals Yesterday and Today, Jewish Hospitals emerged in the mid-19th century in the U.S. for several reasons: the Jewish American community’s need to combat anti-Semitism, to provide services for its large and then-growing immigrant population, and to establish a place for Jewish medical professionals to work, since anti-Semitism prevented them from being employed elsewhere. Although, American Jews became increasingly more accepted as part of the broader American social and political milieu throughout the early 20th century, Jewish Hospitals persisted in cities across the U.S. until the 1970s. To date roughly 22 of originally 113 Jewish hospitals remain. Among them, is Jewish hospital in Louisville, KY, first established in 1903 by a group of Jewish physicians and the Jewish community of Louisville. This study considers Louisville Jewish Hospital as an unusual case example of a Jewish hospital that continues to exist and preserve its Jewish heritage by using Jewish concepts to guide its principles of care, despite a shrinking local Jewish population. Although Louisville’s Jewish Hospital faces economic hardships it continues to impact the global medical community through its medical advancements, such as the nation’s first hand transplant. To carefully investigate the way Jewish Hospital Louisville connects its Jewish values to its medical innovations, we conducted three original oral history interviews with leaders of Jewish Hospital to determine how Jewish Hospital had impacted the local community by following the Jewish concept, Tikkun Olam, in their mission for social justice, advocacy, philanthropy, and medical advancement. The primary source interviews with Rabbi Dr. Nadia Siritsky, Dr. Gerald Temes, and Mr. Robert Waterman call attention to the ways Louisville Jewish Hospital adjusted to new pressures, while honoring its Jewish heritage, thus providing a useful case example for other U.S. Jewish hospitals

Are physical education policies working? A snapshot from San Francisco, 2011.

IntroductionSchool physical education (PE) has been identified as a critical public health tool to increase physical activity among youths. We sought to objectively assess compliance with PE quantity mandates and quality recommendations in a large urban California school district.MethodsWe collected PE schedules and systematically observed PE lessons (n=154) in 20 elementary, 4 middle, and 4 high schools from February through May 2011.ResultsOn the basis of schools' master schedules, 83% of elementary schools met the California state mandate of 100 PE minutes per week. Teachers' actual schedules indicated that 20% of schools met the mandate, and observation showed that only 5% were in compliance. All middle and high schools met the mandated 200 minutes per week. On average, classes at all school levels met the recommended 50% of PE lesson time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. No teacher- or school-level factors significantly predicted PE quantity, but credentialed elementary PE teachers spent more time building students' motor skills.ConclusionsOur results suggest that current national estimates of PE, which are based on schools' self-report, overestimate the amount of PE provided in elementary schools. Although more than half of PE class time was spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, total physical activity in elementary schools from PE is minimal and may do little to contribute to students' overall health

Sexually “Broken”: The Rhetorical Production of The Distressed Nonsexual in The Flibanserin Debate & Beyond

Using a Foucauldian-influenced approach to discourse and power, this thesis analyzes the production of nonsexualities, such as the lack of sexual desire, in the contemporary United States. In psychiatric discourse, the distressed nonsexual subject is produced as the patient with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD). This discursive formation was put to use in the debate surrounding pharmaceutical drug flibanserin (Addyi) in order to secure its approval by the FDA in 2015. I posit that, by emphasizing the distress of the HSDD patient experience, the rhetoric of pro-flibanserin advocacy succeeded in producing an ethical exigency, arguing that it would be cruel for the FDA to reject the drug. Centrally, its support for this claim relies upon the construction of an ideal (hetero)sexual marriage and problematizing nonsexuality as a threat to love. Flibanserin’s rhetorical support depended, then, upon casting nonsexuality in the role of a destructive enemy force. As a counter-discourse, the discourse of the asexual community—which produces “asexuality” as a sexual orientation—codifies a point of resistance to these claims

Nutritional Knowledge Among Athletic Teams

The topic of sports nutrition has often been undermined in the athletic world. Practicing good nutritional habits has the ability to both improve performance and health. Several studies have examined nutritional knowledge among athletic teams; however very few have compared this knowledge among athletic teams. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of various athletes’ nutritional knowledge and evaluate the differences in this knowledge among NCAA Division II Athletic teams. A secondary purpose was to discover athlete’s confidence level in their nutritional knowledge as well as gain their opinion on how they would improve nutritional knowledge among athletic teams. Very few differences were able to be found between genders and athletic teams regarding nutritional knowledge. Also athletes overall did not score very high on the nutritional knowledge assessment. Additionally several beneficial suggestions were given on improving nutritional knowledge which include providing classes and having athletic trainers and coaches increase nutritional awareness. More research still needs to be done on this topic. However, steps should also begin to be implemented to increase the nutritional knowledge deficit among athletic teams with hopes of improving performance and health care of collegiate athletes

Nurse Preceptors\u27 Perceptions of Non-Traditional Education

Background: A preceptor is an experienced nurse who teaches and provides feedback to a new orientee on their professional practice for a designated time. The preceptor is the key educator for new nurses in their learning process. Continuing education for the nurse preceptor is necessary to foster the professional development of this complex role. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine if nurse preceptors perceive non traditional education as effective as in person instruction for preceptor professional development. Methods: This descriptive study used a convenient sample. An educational journal was created covering a variety of topics that aide in the growth and development of the nurse preceptor. The education was sent electronically to nurse preceptors in a critical care setting. Preceptors were required to read the journal and complete a post test. Once completed, nurse preceptors were invited to participate in the study. A 25 item questionnaire, using a 5 point Likert scale, was sent via email. Nurse preceptors were given one month to voluntarily participate in the study. Responses to the survey were scored and averaged. Findings: There were a total of 14 participants. Not all items were answered by each participant. Eighty six percent were BSN prepared, 14% were MSN prepared. The majority of participants (71%, n= 10) have been preceptors for 2 or more years in their current practice setting. Some participants did not attend the previous in person preceptor education (4 out of 14). All participants completed the non traditional (journal) education. Nearly all participants (92%, n=12 out of 13) believed that the non traditional educational journal had high impact. When responding to educational preferences, 61.5% preferred to receive preceptor education in a non traditional format while 38% preferred to receive education in both non traditional and traditional formats. The study results provide a better understating of the educational preferences of the nurse preceptor. This information is vital for the development for future preceptor education programs. Tailoring education to the learners preferred methods can make education more impactful. Providing meaningful education to preceptors will improve their practice, further benefiting the experience of the newly hired/transferred nurses. The study may be applicable to other practice areas and/or organizations.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/nursresconf2021/1010/thumbnail.jp

Agricultural Issues on the Ballot: A Case Study of the 2009 Ohio Issue 2 Campaign

This in-depth case study explored the marketing of the November 2009 ballot initiative that created the Ohio Livestock Care Standards board. Key individuals who were involved in communications campaigns dealing with the ballot initiative were interviewed and media coverage was closely analyzed. The interviews examined questions dealing with the origin of the initiative, the types of media used to promote it, the budget for the media campaign and which types of media were viewed as the most valuable and successful. The information obtained reveals which types of media are most effective in reaching consumers about agricultural issues according to campaign organizers. By examining a successful agricultural communications campaign, insight can be gained about how other groups can best reach the public and persuade them to support legislation benefiting the agricultural industry

Iconicity in signed and spoken vocabulary: A comparison between American Sign Language, British Sign Language, English, and Spanish

© 2018 Perlman, Little, Thompson and Thompson. Considerable evidence now shows that all languages, signed and spoken, exhibit a significant amount of iconicity. We examined how the visual-gestural modality of signed languages facilitates iconicity for different kinds of lexical meanings compared to the auditory-vocal modality of spoken languages. We used iconicity ratings of hundreds of signs and words to compare iconicity across the vocabularies of two signed languages - American Sign Language and British Sign Language, and two spoken languages - English and Spanish. We examined (1) the correlation in iconicity ratings between the languages; (2) the relationship between iconicity and an array of semantic variables (ratings of concreteness, sensory experience, imageability, perceptual strength of vision, audition, touch, smell and taste); (3) how iconicity varies between broad lexical classes (nouns, verbs, adjectives, grammatical words and adverbs); and (4) between more specific semantic categories (e.g., manual actions, clothes, colors). The results show several notable patterns that characterize how iconicity is spread across the four vocabularies. There were significant correlations in the iconicity ratings between the four languages, including English with ASL, BSL, and Spanish. The highest correlation was between ASL and BSL, suggesting iconicity may be more transparent in signs than words. In each language, iconicity was distributed according to the semantic variables in ways that reflect the semiotic affordances of the modality (e.g., more concrete meanings more iconic in signs, not words; more auditory meanings more iconic in words, not signs; more tactile meanings more iconic in both signs and words). Analysis of the 220 meanings with ratings in all four languages further showed characteristic patterns of iconicity across broad and specific semantic domains, including those that distinguished between signed and spoken languages (e.g., verbs more iconic in ASL, BSL, and English, but not Spanish; manual actions especially iconic in ASL and BSL; adjectives more iconic in English and Spanish; color words especially low in iconicity in ASL and BSL). These findings provide the first quantitative account of how iconicity is spread across the lexicons of signed languages in comparison to spoken languages