12,260 research outputs found
Sussing merger trees: a proposed merger tree data format
We propose a common terminology for use in describing both temporal merger trees and spatial structure trees for dark-matter halos. We specify a unified data format in HDF5 and provide example I/O routines in C, FORTRAN and PYTHON
Scaling predictions for radii of weakly bound triatomic molecules
The mean-square radii of the molecules He, HeLi,
HeLi and HeNa are calculated using a three-body model
with contact interactions. They are obtained from a universal scaling function
calculated within a renormalized scheme for three particles interacting through
pairwise Dirac-delta interaction. The root-mean-square distance between two
atoms of mass in a triatomic molecule are estimated to be of de order of
, where is the dimer and the
trimer binding energies, and is a constant (varying from
to ) that depends on the ratio between and . Considering
previous estimates for the trimer energies, we also predict the sizes of
Rubidium and Sodium trimers in atomic traps.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Parity nonconserving two-pion exchange in elastic proton-proton scattering
Parity nonconserving two-pion exchange in elastic pp scattering is
investigated in the presence of phenomenological strong distortions in various
models. Parity violation is included in the nucleon-pion vertex considering NN
and N Delta(1232) intermediate states in box and crossed box diagrams. Using
the derived parity nonconserving two-pion exchange potential we calculate the
longitudinal analyzing power A_L in elastic scattering. The predicted
effect is of the same order as vector meson exchanges.Comment: 13 pages, 8 eps figure
Linked trends in the South Pacific sea ice edge and Southern Oscillation Index
Previous work have shown that sea ice variability in the South Pacific is associated with extratropical atmospheric anomalies linked to the Southern Oscillation (SO). Over a 32 year period (1982–2013), our study shows that the trend in Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is also able to quantitatively explain the trends in sea ice edge, drift, and surface winds in this region. On average two thirds of the winter ice edge trend in this sector, linked to ice drift and surface winds, could be explained by the positive SOI trend, thus subjecting the ice edge to strong decadal SO variability. If this relationship holds, the negative SOI trend prior to the recent satellite era suggests that ice edge trends opposite to that of the recent record over a similar time scale. Significant low-frequency ice edge trends, linked to the natural variability of SO, are superimposed upon any trends expected of anthropogenic forcing
Steps in the bacterial flagellar motor
The bacterial flagellar motor is a highly efficient rotary machine used by
many bacteria to propel themselves. It has recently been shown that at low
speeds its rotation proceeds in steps [Sowa et al. (2005) Nature 437,
916--919]. Here we propose a simple physical model that accounts for this
stepping behavior as a random walk in a tilted corrugated potential that
combines torque and contact forces. We argue that the absolute angular position
of the rotor is crucial for understanding step properties, and show this
hypothesis to be consistent with the available data, in particular the
observation that backward steps are smaller on average than forward steps. Our
model also predicts a sublinear torque-speed relationship at low torque, and a
peak in rotor diffusion as a function of torque
Single Top Quark Production as a Probe for Anomalous Moments at Hadron Colliders
Single production of top quarks at hadron colliders via fusion is
examined as a probe of possible anomalous chromomagnetic and/or chromoelectric
moment type couplings between the top and gluons. We find that this channel is
far less sensitive to the existence of anomalous couplings of this kind than is
the usual production of top pairs by or fusion. This result is
found to hold at both the Tevatron as well as the LHC although somewhat greater
sensitivity for anomalous couplings in this channel is found at the higher
energy machine.Comment: New discussion and 10 new figures added. uuencoded postscript fil
Success Factors of European Syndromic Surveillance Systems: A Worked Example of Applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Introduction: Syndromic surveillance aims at augmenting traditional public health surveillance with timely information. To gain a head start, it mainly analyses existing data such as from web searches or patient records. Despite the setup of many syndromic surveillance systems, there is still much doubt about the benefit of the approach. There are diverse interactions between performance indicators such as timeliness and various system characteristics. This makes the performance assessment of syndromic surveillance systems a complex endeavour. We assessed if the comparison of several syndromic surveillance systems through Qualitative Comparative Analysis helps to evaluate performance and identify key success factors.
Materials and Methods: We compiled case-based, mixed data on performance and characteristics of 19 syndromic surveillance systems in Europe from scientific and grey literature and from site visits. We identified success factors by applying crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. We focused on two main areas of syndromic surveillance application: seasonal influenza surveillance and situational awareness during different types of potentially health threatening events.
Results: We found that syndromic surveillance systems might detect the onset or peak of seasonal influenza earlier if they analyse non-clinical data sources. Timely situational awareness during different types of events is supported by an automated syndromic surveillance system capable of analysing multiple syndromes. To our surprise, the analysis of multiple data sources was no key success factor for situational awareness.
Conclusions: We suggest to consider these key success factors when designing or further developing syndromic surveillance systems. Qualitative Comparative Analysis helped interpreting complex, mixed data on small-N cases and resulted in concrete and practically relevant findings
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