Designing a virtual cockpit for helicopter offshore operations

In recent years the number of offshore wind farms is rapidly increasing. Especially coastal European countries are building numerous offshore wind turbines in the Baltic, the North, and the Irish Sea. During both construction and operation of these wind farms, many specially-equipped helicopters are on duty. Due to their flexibility, their hover capability, and their higher speed compared to ships, these aircraft perform important tasks like helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) as well as passenger and freight transfer flights. The missions often include specific challenges like ship landings or hoist operations to drop off workers onto wind turbines. However, adverse weather conditions frequently limit offshore helicopter operations. In such scenarios, the adoption of aircraft-mounted sensors and obstacle databases together with helmet-mounted displays (HMD) seems to offer great potential to improve the operational capabilities of the helicopters used. By displaying environmental information in a visual conformal manner, these systems mitigate the loss of visual reference to the environment. This helps the pilots to maintain proper situational awareness (SA). This paper presents how our previously introduced concept of an HMD-based virtual flight deck can enhance offshore helicopter missions. The advantages of this system – for instance its “see-through the airframe”-capability and its highly-flexible cockpit instrument setup – enable us to design entirely novel pilot assistance systems. The work analyzes the specific requirements on our virtual cockpit so as to assist the helicopter crew in offshore-specific tasks. The gained knowledge is used to propose and evaluate concepts for a virtual cockpit that is tailor-made for helicopter offshore maneuvers

Diagnose mathematischer Kompetenzen als Gegenstand Forschenden Lernens im Praxissemester

Diagnostische Kompetenzen stellen ein zentrales Element professioneller Lehrerkompetenzen dar. Diese umfassen sowohl die Auswahl und Durchführung geeigneter Diagnoseinstrumente, als auch die Entwicklung neuer inhaltsspezifischer Aufgaben mit diagnostischem Potenzial sowie die gezielte Beobachtung mathematischer Lernprozesse. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich auf theoretischer Ebene mit den Aspekten Diagnostische Kompetenzen von Lehrkräften sowie Diagnose mathematischer Kompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern auseinander. Ferner wird im Beitrag dargelegt, wie das Fach Mathematische Grundbildung Studierende bei der Entwicklung einer forschenden Grundhaltung sowie bei der Entwicklung und Umsetzung von geeigneten Projektideen zur mathematischen Diagnostik im Praxissemester unterstützt. Ergänzend werden ausgewählte Beispiele zu bereits durchgeführten Studienprojekten in diesem Bereich vorgestellt, um unterschiedliche Facetten von mathematischer Diagnostik zu illustrieren.Diagnostic competencies are a central element of teacher’s professional competencies. They comprise the selection and administration of appropriate assessment instruments, the development of new content-specific tasks which have  diagnostic  potential  as  well  as  the observation of  mathematical  processes. This article theoretically looks into  approaches for the assessment of children’s mathematical  competencies  and  into  teachers’  diagnostic  competencies.  Furthermore, this article aims at demonstrating how the preservice teachers’ development towards a research-oriented tenor as well as the development and implementation  of  diagnostic-based  project  ideas  are  fostered  in  mathematics education.  Additionally,  we  present  two  examples  of  study  projects  in  this  domain in order to illustrate the various facets of mathematical assessment

Simulation of a Gated-Viewing instrument for helicopter deck-landing assistance and vision enhancement

A simulation of an existing Gated-Viewing instrument for integration in a flight simulator was developed based on real sensor characteristics. The simulation was compared to measurements of the instrument in a surrounding that was recreated in a 3D computer model. It was clearly found that the assumption of pure Lambertian reflectors in the simulation did not reproduce even the most dominant observed phenomena in the measurements sufficiently. When including the Phong reflection model the agreement was improved. The simulation enables to easily investigate the potential of the sensor for use on airborne (in particular helicopter) platforms without the need of deploying the instrument physically, therefore also avoiding extensive regulation and certification issues. In addition, different sensor characteristics can be easily changed in the simulation enabling to study the effect in the respective scenario and allowing for a more purposeful further development of the real sensor. In particular, sensor simulations were performed in two scenarios, aiming at investigating the added value of the instrument for 1) deck-landing assistance, and 2) for observing and reconnaissance tasks. In both scenarios, the effect of different optical power and field of view was studied

Прецеденты снижения распространенности немецкого языка в Бразилии во второй половине XX вв. (на примере опроса учащихся школ штата Санта-Катарина)

Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has gained increasing importance in investigating neural substrates of anxiety disorders, less is known about the stress eliciting properties of the scanner environment itself. The aim of the study was to investigate feasibility, self-reported distress and anxiety management strategies during an fMRI experiment in a comprehensive sample of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD/AG). Within the national research network PANIC-NET, n = 89 patients and n = 90 controls participated in a multicenter fMRI study. Subjects completed a retrospective questionnaire on self-reported distress, including a habituation profile and exploratory questions about helpful strategies. Drop-out rates and fMRI quality parameters were employed as markers of study feasibility. Different anxiety measures were used to identify patients particularly vulnerable to increased scanner anxiety and impaired data quality. Three (3.5%) patients terminated the session prematurely. While drop-out rates were comparable for patients and controls, data quality was moderately impaired in patients. Distress was significantly elevated in patients compared to controls; claustrophobic anxiety was furthermore associated with pronounced distress and lower fMRI data quality in patients. Patients reported helpful strategies, including motivational factors and cognitive coping strategies. The feasibility of large-scale fMRI studies on PD/AG patients could be proved. Study designs should nevertheless acknowledge that the MRI setting may enhance stress reactions. Future studies are needed to investigate the relationship between self-reported distress and fMRI data in patient groups that are subject to neuroimaging research

PAVE II - Pilot Assistant in the Vicinity of Helipads (Projektleiterbericht)

Dieses Dokument gibt eine Übersicht über die erreichten Ziele und den Grad der Meilensteinerfüllung für die unterschiedlichen Arbeitspakete im Rahmen des internen DLR-Projektes PAVE II. Eine detaillierte Ergebnisdarstellung der Arbeitsinhalte werden in dem wissenschaftlichen Abschlussbericht beschrieben

PILAS - Erfolgskontrollbericht

Dieser Bericht beschreibt die im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens PILAS (PILoten-Assistenz-System für Luftfahrzeuge) erbrachten Beiträge zu förderpolitischen Zielen, wissenschaftlichen Erfolgsaussichten nach dem Projektende, Aussagen über die wissenschaftliche Anschlussfähigkeit, einem Verwertungsplan und Angaben zur Einhaltung der Ausgaben- und Zeitplanung

Pilot Assistant in the Vicinity of Helipads (PAVE) - Ein Pilotenassistenzsystem für Hubschrauber

Übersicht und Statusbericht des internen DLR-Projektes PAV