Leader Influence in Role Selection Choices: Fulfilling Role Theory’s Potential for Foreign Policy Analysis

While it has been well-documented when and how leaders matter in foreign policy, there is still no clear roadmap on how to connect and investigate the different possibilities that leadership studies offer for the benefit of role theory development. Thus, this article lays the foundation for a dialogue between role theory and leader-based approaches to foreign policy. We approach this as a ‘glass half full’ as leaders are present in role theory, but not properly integrated in terms of theorisation and methods to study their influence on the overall selection of roles. We present a range of possible ways to study the beliefs and personal characteristics of leaders and other motivational approaches that inform and shape their role selection process. A better integration of the individual level can give foreign policy scholars and practitioners a more complete picture of why governments decide to prioritise certain roles over others. Introducing a way forward in establishing a more robust connection between leaders and the roles of the state also provides scholars with a more complete toolkit to analyse and unpack agent-structure relations in foreign policy

Identity Management and Role Branding in Security Affairs: Alliance-Building in Argentine Foreign Policy

This paper argues that states needing to engage in short-term strategic manipulation of their identity will often turn to branding strategies. Branding allows leaders the flexibility to adopt new roles or reimagine existing roles to fit with the current security environment. Drawing on insights from role theory, social identity, and branding, we develop a theoretical framework to understand how leaders innovate in roles. We apply this framework to two episodes of Argentine–US relations. The first case focuses on the Argentine role of active independent (1933–1945) despite US efforts to ascribe the faithful ally role. Only near the conclusion of the war did Perón transition to an ally partner role for strategic reasons and without much of a branding strategy. The second case is that of Argentina's adoption of the faithful ally role with the United States accompanied by a strong branding strategy under President Menem beginning in 1989. While innovation in the first case was possible without branding (though short-lived), the second case shows a more substantive transformation in Argentina's role set. Branding helps to carve out space in the role set for new roles that may compete with existing ones and ensure their successful adoption and enactment

Rising Powers and Foreign Policy Revisionism: Understanding BRICS Identity and Behavior through Time

In Rising Powers and Foreign Policy Revisionism, Cameron Thies and Mark Nieman examine the identity and behavior of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) over time in light of academic and policymaker concerns that rising powers may become more aggressive and conflict-prone. The authors develop a theoretical framework that encapsulates pressures for revisionism through the mechanism of competition and pressures for accommodation and assimilation through the mechanism of socialization. The identity and behavior of the BRICS should be a product of the push and pull of these two forces as mediated by their domestic foreign policy processes.State identity is investigated qualitatively through the use of role theory and the identification of national role conceptions. Both economic and militarized conflict behavior are examined using Bayesian change-point modeling, which identifies structural breaks in time series data, revealing potential wholesale revision of foreign policy. Using this innovative approach to show that the behavior of rising powers is governed not simply by the structural dynamics of power but also by the roles that these rising powers define for themselves, they assert that this process will likely lead to a much more evolutionary approach to foreign policy and will not necessarily generate international conflict.https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/pols_books/1000/thumbnail.jp

The Spatial Dimensions of State Fiscal Capacity The Mechanisms of International Influence on Domestic Extractive Efforts

This paper expands traditional predatory theory approaches to state fiscal capacity by adopting spatial analytical reasoning and methods. While previous work in the predatory theory tradition has often incorporated interdependent external influences, such as war and trade, it has often done so in a way that maintains a theoretical and empirical autonomy of the state. Theoretically, we suggest four mechanisms (coercion, competition, learning, and emulation) that operate to channel information through interstate rivalry and territorial contiguity, trade networks, and the political space associated with regime type and intergovernmental organization membership. We test our predictions using a multi-parametric spatio-temporal autoregressive model with four spatial lags capturing the four mechanisms. Our empirical results provide support for the coercion and learning mechanisms

Misplaced States and the Politics of Regional Identity:Towards a Theoretical Framework

Whilst there is no shortage of analyses on the politics of regions in International Relations, little attention has been paid to states who perceive that they do not properly fit in the regions they happen to be located in. These are the ‘misplaced states’: they stand out not so much because of material capacities but because they espouse an identity, manifested in different ways, in marked contrast to the states around them. This article asks what causes this process of a change in identity amongst misplaced states in different parts of the world. Comparing across regions, it analyses why and how states reconstruct their identities in order to enhance or deemphasise their degrees of regional conformity. By focusing on the ‘role-location process’ rooted in role theory, this article contributes to the literature by conceptualising the phenomenon of ‘misplacement.’ A state is misplaced when there is mismatch between its aspirations and others’ expectations for it. The article also details how and why misplacement occurs and studies its implications both for the states in question as well as for the politics of their geographical regions

Strukturen in additiv gefertigten Wärmeübertragern — Parameterbasierte Generierung und messtechnische Charakterisierung innerer Gitterstrukturen zur Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs

Das pulverbettbasierte Schmelzen von Metallen mittels Laserstrahl (PBF-LB/M) ermöglicht als additives Fertigungsverfahren neuartige, hocheffiziente Wärmeübertrager mit komplexen inneren Strukturen. Ein Ansatz zur Steigerung der volumetrischen thermischen Leistungsdichte sind dabei Lattice Structures, Gitterstrukturen aus periodischen Einheitszellen. Zur thermofluiddynamischen Optimierung kann eine Vielzahl von Parametern angepasst werden. Dies erfordert eine grundlegende Untersuchung der Auswirkung der Parametervariationen. Die Generierung solcher Strukturen erfolgt über eine skriptbasierte Konstruktionsumgebung. Im folgenden Beitrag werden drei unterschiedlich ausgerichtete Diamond-Lattice-Structures generiert und messtechnisch charakterisiert. Der Algorithmus zur Generierung wird beschrieben. Die Strukturen unterscheiden sich bezüglich Anordnung und Ausrichtung. Sie sind auf der Gas-Seite eines kompakten, mittels PBF-LB/M gefertigten, Gaskühlers verortet. Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust werden für Leerrohr-Eintritts-Reynolds-Zahlen von 700 bis 9000 vermessen und untereinander sowie mit einem konventionellen, geometrisch ähnlichen Referenz-Rohrbündel verglichen. Die effizienteste Struktur hat gegenüber den beiden anderen um 54 % bzw. 59 % niedrigere mittlere Druckverluste, wobei die Wärmeströme jedoch im Mittel nur um 23 % bzw. 18 % abnehmen. Dies zeigt, dass über Parametervariationen eine deutliche Effizienzsteigerung, also Steigerung des übertragenen Wärmestroms bezogen auf den einhergehenden Druckverlust, möglich ist. Der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager weist eine durchgehend niedrigere volumetrische Leistungsdichte auf, wobei die auftretenden Druckverluste jedoch ebenfalls geringer ausfallen

The role of role theory in International Political Economy

This article demonstrates the benefits of using a role theory approach in the field of International Political Economy (IPE) by demonstrating the benefits of role theory relative to variants of the social constructivist paradigm, especially vis-à-vis identity based accounts of IPE. This article also documents why and how role theory has always had a home in IPE even before the constructivist revolution in the 1990s. The social interactionist dimension in the work of Herbert Mead and his notion of a general other are linked to the relational ideas of friendship and impartial spectator present in the works of the founding father of classical political economy, Adam Smith. These similar ideas about the self and their surrounding social environment is a useful starting point to locate role theory in IPE and demonstrate its analytical advantages within social constructivism. After showing the “forgotten” place role theory has always had in IPE, the article illustrates the potential of using a role theory approach within the field of IPE through an illustrative analysis of the Greek economic crisis

The EBLM Project I-Physical and orbital parameters, including spin-orbit angles, of two low-mass eclipsing binaries on opposite sides of the Brown Dwarf limit

This paper introduces a series of papers aiming to study the dozens of low mass eclipsing binaries (EBLM), with F, G, K primaries, that have been discovered in the course of the WASP survey. Our objects are mostly single-line binaries whose eclipses have been detected by WASP and were initially followed up as potential planetary transit candidates. These have bright primaries, which facilitates spectroscopic observations during transit and allows the study of the spin-orbit distribution of F, G, K+M eclipsing binaries through the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. Here we report on the spin-orbit angle of WASP-30b, a transiting brown dwarf, and improve its orbital parameters. We also present the mass, radius, spin-orbit angle and orbital parameters of a new eclipsing binary, J1219-39b (1SWAPJ121921.03-395125.6, TYC 7760-484-1), which, with a mass of 95 +/- 2 Mjup, is close to the limit between brown dwarfs and stars. We find that both objects orbit in planes that appear aligned with their primaries' equatorial planes. Neither primaries are synchronous. J1219-39b has a modestly eccentric orbit and is in agreement with the theoretical mass--radius relationship, whereas WASP-30b lies above it.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, data in appendices, submitted to A&A (taking in account 1st referee report

Comparison of intramyocellular lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes and male athletes

Contributions D.D., A.H., S.G., S.P. and M.D. conceived the study and together with L.v.L., G.L., F.T. obtained the grant funding. AM executed the patient screening, recruitment, intervention planning, carried out all study investigations under respective specialist supervision (A.H./D.C./D.D. for magnetic resonance spectroscopy, F.T./G.L./D.D. for stable isotope investigation, S.G. for exercise intervention, S.P. for clinical supervision/management of diabetes as required, M.D. for all molecular laboratory analyses, A.M. analysed all data and performed statistical analysis under the supervision of G.H. L.v.L. provided expert advice in athletic physiology. Lipidomic analyses were carried out in P.W. laboratory. Blood/skeletal muscle enrichment analyses were carried out in B.F./F.T.-G.L. laboratories respectively, with practical input from R.G. A.R. and L.C. contributed as overall help to deliver study assessments in a technical role. M.K.H. analysed the food diaries. D.E.N. contributed to manuscript writing. D.D. and M.D. were the PhD supervisors for A.M. whose PhD thesis was based on this work. All authors contributed their respective specialist sections in drafting the manuscript.Peer reviewe