226 research outputs found
Pine Tree Running Journal Issue No. 1
https://digitalmaine.com/pine_tree_running_journal/1000/thumbnail.jp
Pseudoparalysis and pseudoparesis of the shoulder
Background
Clinical presentation of massive rotator cuff tears range from pain to loss of active range of motion. Pseudoparalysis and pseudoparesis are defined inconsistently in the literature, but both include limited active with maintained passive range of motion.
Objective
This article aims to provide a consistent definition of pseudoparalysis and pseudoparesis of the shoulder and show structural and biomechanical differences between these two types of rotator cuff tear with their implications for treatment.
Methods
A literature review including key and basic papers discussing clinical symptoms, biomechanical differences, and their impact on therapeutic options for pseudoparalysis and pseudoparesis was performed.
Results
Biomechanically, structural differences between pseudoparalysis (active scapular plane abduction 50%) and fatty infiltration of the subscapularis muscle. Treatment options depend on the acuteness and repairability of the tear. Rotator cuff repair can reliably reverse the active loss of active range of motion in acute and reparable rotator cuff tears. In chronic and irreparable cases reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is the most reliable treatment option in elderly patients.
Conclusion
The most concise definition of pseudoparalysis is a massive rotator cuff tear that leads to limited active (<45° shoulder elevation) with free passive range of motion in the absence of neurologic deficits as the reason for loss of active elevation. The integrity of the subscapularis tendon is the most important difference between a pseudoparalytic and pseudoparetic (active shoulder elevation 45–90°) shoulder. Decision-making for surgical options depends more on reparability of the tendon tear and patient age than on differentiation between pseudoparalysis and pseudoparesis.
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Hintergrund
Rotatorenmanschettenmassenrupturen machen fast die Hälfte der behandelten Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen aus. Die klinische Symptomatik erstreckt sich von Schmerzen bis zum Verlust der aktiven Schultergelenkbeweglichkeit. Die Begriffe „Pseudoparalyse und Pseudoparese“ werden in der Literatur inkonsistent verwendet. Beiden Begriffen gemeinsam ist eine limitierte aktive bei simultan vorliegender freier passiver Schulterbeweglichkeit.
Fragestellung
Es soll eine konsistente Definition für Pseudoparalyse und Pseudoparese der Schulter erstellt werden. Die strukturellen und biomechanischen Unterschiede zwischen diesen beiden Typen von Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen werden aufgezeigt, sowie deren Einfluss auf die Behandlung analysiert.
Methoden
Eine Übersichtsarbeit über die Schlüssel- und Grundlagenstudien bezüglich klinischer Symptome, biomechanischer Unterschiede sowie deren Einfluss auf die Therapieoptionen für Pseudoparalyse und Pseudoparese wurde durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse
Biomechanisch bestehen strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen Pseudoparalyse (aktive Abduktion in der Skapulaebene unter 45°) und Pseudoparese (aktive Abduktion in der Skapulaebene zwischen 45 und 90°). Im Fall einer posterosuperioren Rotatorenmanschettenmassenruptur ist die Integrität des unteren Subskapularissehnenanteils der stärkste prädiktive Faktor für die aktive Elevation des Humerus. Patienten mit einer Pseudoparalyse haben häufig eine Rupturausdehnung in die untere Hälfte der Subskapularissehne sowie einen höheren Grad der fettigen Infiltration der Subskapularismuskulatur. Die therapeutischen Optionen sind abhängig vom Zeitpunkt und der Reparierbarkeit der Ruptur. Die Rekonstruktion einer akuten und rekonstruierbaren Rotatorenmanschettenruptur kann zuverlässig die aktive Beweglichkeit wiederherstellen. In chronischen und irreparablen Fällen variieren die therapeutischen Optionen von konservativ, partieller Rotatorenmanschettenrekonstruktion, superiorer Kapselrekonstruktion, zu Sehnentransfer und schließlich inverser Schulterprothese, wobei Letztere die zuverlässigste Behandlungsoption insbesondere bei älteren Menschen darstellt.
Schlussfolgerung
Die konsistenteste Definition für eine Pseudoparalyse der Schulter beinhaltet eine massive Rotatorenmanschettenruptur, die zu einer eingeschränkten aktiven (<45° Schulterelevation) bei freier passiver Schultergelenkbeweglichkeit – ohne neurologische Ursache für eine Paralyse – führt. Die Integrität der Subskapularissehne ist der wichtigste strukturelle Unterscheidungspunkt zwischen einer pseudoparalytischen und pseudoparetischen (aktive Schulterelevation zwischen 45 und 90°) Schulter. Die Entscheidungsfindung für die chirurgischen Therapieoptionen richtet sich mehr nach der Rekonstruktionsmöglichkeit einer Sehnenruptur und dem Alter des Patienten als nach der Differenzierung zwischen Pseudoparalyse und -parese
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Large eddy simulation of primary liquid-sheet breakup
This research project aims at providing the aeronautical industry with a modelling
capability to simulate the fuel injection in gas turbine combustion chambers.
The path to this objective started with the review of state-of-the-art numerical
techniques to model the primary breakup of liquid fuel into droplets. Based on this
and keeping in mind the requirements of the industry, our modelling strategy led to
the generation of a mass-conservative method for efficient atomisation modelling on
unstructured meshes. This goal has been reached with the creation of high-order
numerical schemes for unstructured grids, the development of an efficient numerical
method that transports the liquid-vapour interface accurately while conserving
mass and the implementation of an algorithm that outputs the droplet boundary
conditions to separate combustion codes.
Both high-order linear and WENO schemes have been created for general polyhedral
meshes. The notorious complexity of high-order schemes on 3D mixed-element
meshes has been handled by the creation of a series of algorithms. These include
the tetrahedralisation of the mesh, which allows generality of the approach while
remaining efficient and affordable, together with a novel approach to stencil generation and a faster interpolation of the solution. The performance of the scheme has been demonstrated on typical two-dimensional and three-dimensional test cases for both linear and non-linear hyperbolic partial differential equations.
The conservative level set method has been extended to unstructured meshes and
its performance has been improved in terms of robustness and accuracy. This was achieved by solving the equations for the transport of the liquid volume fraction
with our novel WENO scheme for polyhedral meshes and by adding a flux-limiter
algorithm. The resulting method, named robust conservative level set, conserves
mass to machine accuracy and its ability to capture the physics of the atomisation
is demonstrated in this thesis.
To be readily applicable to the simulation of atomisation, the novel interfacecapturing technique has been embedded in a framework — within the open source CFD code OpenFOAM — that solves the velocity and pressure fields, outputs
droplet characteristics and runs in parallel. In particular, the production of droplet boundary conditions involves a set of routines handling the selection of drops in the level set field, the calculation of relevant droplet characteristics and their storage into data files. An n-halo parallelisation method has been implemented in OpenFOAM to perform the computations at the expected order of accuracy.
Finally, the modelling capability has been demonstrated on the simulation of
primary liquid-sheet breakup with relevance to fuel injection in aero-engine combustors.
The computation has demonstrated the ability of the code to capture the
physics accurately and further illustrates the potential of the numerical approach
A DNA barcode-based survey of terrestrial arthropods in the Society Islands of French Polynesia : host diversity within the SymbioCode Project
We report here on the taxonomic and molecular diversity of 10 929 terrestrial arthropod specimens, collected on four islands of the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. The survey was part of the 'SymbioCode Project' that aims to establish the Society Islands as a natural laboratory in which to investigate the flux of bacterial symbionts (e.g., Wolbachia) and other genetic material among branches of the arthropod tree. The sample includes an estimated 1127 species, of which 1098 included at least one DNA-barcoded specimen and 29 were identified to species level using morphological traits only. Species counts based on molecular data emphasize that some groups have been understudied in this region and deserve more focused taxonomic effort, notably Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Some taxa that were also subjected to morphological scrutiny reveal a consistent match between DNA and morphology-based species boundaries in 90% of the cases, with a larger than expected genetic diversity in the remaining 10%. Many species from this sample are new to this region or are undescribed. Some are under description, but many await inspection by motivated experts, who can use the online images or request access to ethanol-stored specimens.Peer reviewe
The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey X. Ly Equivalent Widths at
We present rest-frame Ly equivalent widths (EW) of 417 Ly
emitters (LAEs) detected with Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the
Very Large Telescope (VLT) at in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field.
Based on the deep MUSE spectroscopy and ancillary Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
photometry data, we carefully measured EW values taking into account extended
Ly emission and UV continuum slopes (). Our LAEs reach
unprecedented depths, both in Ly luminosities and UV absolute
magnitudes, from log(/erg s) 41.0 to 43.0 and
from Muv -16 to -21 (0.01-1.0 ). The EW values span the
range of 5 to 240 \AA\ or larger, and their distribution can be well
fitted by an exponential law exp(EW/). Owing to
the high dynamic range in Muv, we find that the scale factor, ,
depends on Muv in the sense that including fainter Muv objects increases
, i.e., the Ando effect. The results indicate that selection
functions affect the EW scale factor. Taking these effects into account, we
find that our values are consistent with those in the literature
within uncertainties at at a given threshold of Muv
and . Interestingly, we find 12 objects with EW \AA\
above uncertainties. Two of these 12 LAEs show signatures of merger
or AGN activity: the weak CIV emission line. For the remaining
10 very large EW LAEs, we find that the EW values can be reproduced by young
stellar ages ( Myr) and low metallicities ( ). Otherwise, at least part of the Ly emission in these LAEs
needs to arise from anisotropic radiative transfer effects, fluorescence by
hidden AGN or quasi-stellar object activity, or gravitational cooling.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication in A&A (MUSE
UDF Series Paper X
Persistence, prevalence, and polymorphism of sequelae after COVID-19 in unvaccinated, young adults of the Swiss Armed Forces: a longitudinal, cohort study (LoCoMo)
Background: Persistent COVID-19 sequelae could have global, public health ramifications. We therefore aimed to describe sequelae presenting more than 180 days after COVID-19-focussing on several organ systems, general health, and laboratory parameters-in non-hospitalised, unvaccinated, young adults.
Methods: We did a longitudinal cohort study of all army bases in Switzerland. Eligible participants were personnel of the Swiss Armed Forces (SAF) who were aged 18-30 years with a positive or negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 during their service between March 1, 2020, and Dec 31, 2020. Exclusion criteria were unwillingness to participate in testing. Females or men with a known reproductive anomaly were excluded from the optional component of male fertility testing. COVID-19 was defined as a positive diagnostic RT-PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 with concurrent symptoms compatible with COVID-19. Participants were subdivided into four groups: control group (ie, serologically negative), asymptomatic infection group (ie, serologically positive but with no symptoms), non-recent COVID-19 group (>180 days since positive PCR test), and recent COVID-19 group (≤180 days since positive PCR test). Outcomes of interest were part of a comprehensive, intensive test battery that was administered during a single day. The test battery quantified the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, renal, ophthalmological, male reproductive, psychological, general health, and laboratory parameters. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04942249.
Findings: Between May 20, 2021, and Nov 26, 2021, we enrolled 501 participants. 29 (6%) of 501 were female and 464 (93%) were male, and the median age was 21 years (IQR 21-23). Eight (2%) of 501 had incomplete data and were not included into the study groups. 177 participants had previous COVID-19 that was more than 180 days (mean 340 days) since diagnosis (ie, the non-recent COVID-19 group) compared with 251 serologically negative individuals (ie, the control group). We included 19 participants in the recent COVID-19 group and 46 in the asymptomatic infection group. We found a significant trend towards metabolic disorders in participants of the non-recent COVID-19 group compared with those in the control group: higher BMI (median 24·0 kg/m2 [IQR 22·0-25·8] vs 23·2 kg/m2 [27·1-25·0]; p=0·035), lower aerobic threshold (39% [36-43] vs 41% [37-46]; p=0·012), and higher blood cholesterol (4·2 μM [3·7-4·7] vs 3·9 μM [3·5-4·5]; p<0·0001) and LDL concentrations (2·4 μM [1·9-2·9] vs 2·2 μM [1·7-2·7]; p=0·001). The only significant psychosocial difference was found in the results of the Chalder Fatigue scale with the non-recent COVID-19 group reporting higher fatigue scores than the control group (median 12 points [IQR 11-15] vs 11 [9-14]; p=0·027). No significant differences in other psychosocial questionnaire scores, ophthalmological outcomes, and sperm quality or motility were reported between the control group and non-recent COVID-19 group.
Interpretation: Young, previously healthy, individuals largely recover from SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the constellation of higher BMI, dyslipidaemia, and lower physical endurance 180 days after COVID-19 is suggestive of a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders and possible cardiovascular complications. These findings will guide future investigations and follow-up management
Median Surface Brightness Profiles of Lyman- Haloes in the MUSE Extremely Deep Field
We present the median surface brightness profiles of diffuse Ly
haloes (LAHs) around star-forming galaxies by stacking 155 spectroscopically
confirmed Ly emitters (LAEs) at 3<z<4 in the MUSE Extremely Deep Field
(MXDF), with median Ly luminosity . After correcting for a systematic surface brightness
offset we identified in the datacube, we detect extended Ly emission
out to a distance of 270 kpc. The median Ly surface brightness profile
shows a power-law decrease in the inner 20 kpc, and a possible flattening trend
at larger distance. This shape is similar for LAEs with different Ly
luminosities, but the normalisation of the surface brightness profile increases
with luminosity. At distances larger than 50 kpc, we observe strong overlap of
adjacent LAHs, and the Ly surface brightness is dominated by the LAHs
of nearby LAEs. We find no clear evidence of redshift evolution of the observed
Ly profiles when comparing with samples at 4<z<5 and 5<z<6. Our results
are consistent with a scenario in which the inner 20 kpc of the LAH is powered
by star formation in the central galaxy, while the LAH beyond a radius of 50
kpc is dominated by photons from surrounding galaxies.Comment: Submitted to A&
Large-scale excess HI absorption around galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field
Observationally mapping the relation between galaxies and the intergalactic
medium (IGM) is of key interest for studies of cosmic reionization. Diffuse
hydrogen gas has typically been observed in HI Lyman- (Ly)
absorption in the spectra of bright background quasars. However, it is
important to extend these measurements to background galaxies as quasars become
increasingly rare at high redshift and rarely probe closely separated
sight-lines. Here we use deep integral field spectroscopy in the MUSE eXtremely
Deep Field to demonstrate the measurement of the Ly transmission at
in absorption to a background galaxy at . The HI
transmission is consistent with independent quasar sight-lines at similar
redshifts. Exploiting the high number of spectroscopic redshifts of faint
galaxies (500 between within a radius of 8 arcmin) that are tracers
of the density field, we show that Ly transmission is inversely
correlated with galaxy density, i.e. transparent regions in the Ly
forest mark under-dense regions at . Due to large-scale clustering,
galaxies are surrounded by excess HI absorption over the cosmic mean out to 4
cMpc/h. We also find that redshifts from the peak of the Ly line are
typically offset from the systemic redshift by +170 km/s. This work extends
results from to higher redshifts and demonstrates the power of
deep integral field spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the ionization
structure of the IGM and the large-scale density field in the early Universe.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. Main text 9 pages, 9 figures. Key results in Fig
4 (Lya forest transmission in the MXDF field) and Fig 9 (transmission -
galaxy distance cross-correlation
Production of H2 by water radiolysis in cement paste under electron irradiation: A joint experimental and theoretical study
International audienceLong-term confinement of nuclear waste is one of the main challenges faced by the nuclear industry. Fission products such as 90 Sr and 137 Cs, both β − emitters known to induce serious health hazards, represent the largest fraction of nuclear waste. Cement is a good candidate to store them, provided it can resist the effects of irradiation over time. Here, we have investigated the effects of β − decay on cement by performing electron irradiation experiments on different samples. We show that H 2 production in cement, the main effect of water radiolysis, depends strongly on composition and relative humidity. First-principles calculations indicate that the water-rich interlayer regions with Ca 2+ ions act as electron traps that promote the formation of H 2. They also show that holes localize in water-rich regions in low Ca content samples and are then able to participate in H 2 production. This work provides new understanding of radiolysis effects in cements
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