THE DEGREE OF COLORECTAL CANCER DIFERENTIATION AND INFILTRATION WITH TISSUE INTELEUKIN 6 EXPRESSION

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies reported in Indonesia, and it takes the fourth position as the most prevalent cancer just after lung carcinoma. Worldwide prevalence of CRC in 2020 is 34.189 cases, contributing to the 8.6% of all cancers reported. The diagnosis of nm is established through advanced examination such as colonoscopy, although other supporting examinations, consisted of occult blood test and histopathology examination are also performed to further evaluate the diagnosis. Pathogenesis of CRC involves the pro-carcinogenic factors (IL-6, IL-1 and TNFα) accompanied by genetic mutation that predominate the anti-carcinogenic factors ; this pathological process underlies the occurrence of CRC.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the degree of colorectal adenocarcinoma differentiation and infiltration with tissue IL-6 expression.Methods: This study conducted observational analytic method with retrospective study design. The degree of colorectal adenocarcinoma differentiation and infiltration were identified through histopathological examination; the degree of tissue IL-6 expression was measured by the absorption rate of pigment containing anti-IL-6. Correlation test was performed by using Spearman Rank test on SPSS version 25.Results: There was a significant correlation between the degree of adenocarcinoma differentiation with tissue IL-6 expression (p = 0.039; 0.05). Statistical test also showed negative, significant correlation between sex and IL-6 expression, indicating male predominance of IL-6 expression on colorectal adenocarcinoma cases ; this finding is supported with T-test that revealed significant difference of interleukin-6 expression between male and female sex.Discussion: The reported results in this study correspond with the previous studies conducted, except for the correlation between the tumor infiltration and interleukin-6 expression. Tumor infiltration along with its differentiation describe a complex process and influenced by various factors, including hormone, cytokines, and growth factors.Conclusion: Tissue IL-6 expression is correlated with the degree of colorectal adenocarcinoma differentiation, but not with the degree of infiltration

The Inhibitor Pathogen Bacteria’s of Sea Grape Caulerpa lentillifera Applies on Fresh Fish

AbstractContamination of pathogen bacteries at the fresh fish may occur during the post harvesting to the consuming period, and endanger human health. One of simple and safe way to protect secureness of fresh fish food is the use of Caulerpa lentillifera to push down pathogen bacteries activity. The aims of this research to investigate lability of sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) against the activity of pathogen bacteries Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella sp., in fresh fish, during storage phase, at ambient and ice temperatures. Method used in this research is experimental laboratories method, that is, 10%, 20% and 30% blended sea grapes applied on fresh fishes, Selar crumenopthalmus during storage of 1, 2 and 3 days at ambient and ice temperatures. All the applied of blended of Caulerpa lentillifera, shows the ability to obstruct the activity of bactery group coliform and Escherichia coli on fresh fish Selar crumenopthalmus up to 2x 24 hours, at ambient temperature, and 3x24 hours at ice temperature. During storage period, the occurance and grows of Salmonella sp. and Vibrio cholerae bacteries is undetected. Fresh sea grapes concentration of 10% is sufficient to be applied on fresh fish to obstruct the activity of pathogen bacteries Escherichia coli during storage time of 2 x 24 hours at room temperature, and 3 x 24 hours at ice temperature, and to block the occurance of Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella sp. during storage period

THE STUDENTS’ SELF-PERCEPTION ANALYSIS TOWARD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE INSTRUCTIONAL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT SMPS ADVENT NUSRA NOELBAKI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi diri siswa dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi COVID-19 di SMPS Advent Nusra Noelbaki. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII SMPS Advent Nusra Noelbaki yang berjumlah 29 siswa. Data persepsi diri siswa dikumpulkan mengunakan angket. Data persepsi diri siswa dianalisis menggunakan rumus persentase. Hasil penelitian terkait persepsi diri  siswa menunjukkan bahwa persentase setiap indikator berada pada kategori cukup.  Untuk indikator 1) 55,5%, indikator 2) 66%, dan indikator 3) 77,7%. Data tersebut menunjukan bahwa persepsis diri siswa dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi di ukur dari segi pemahaman dan penilaian bisa dikatakan baik, namun untuk penerimaan siswanya hanya sebatas cukup baik. Hal tersebut terjadi karena media  atau sumber pembelajaran yang dimiliki siswa dan sekolah tidak memadai dan  juga dapat dipengaruhi karena rata-rata siswa tidak memiliki kuota internet, serta kondisi jaringan yang tidak menunjang proses pembelajara

Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Metformin Dan Oksigen Hiperbarik Terhadap Jumlah Fibroblas Dan Ketebalan Kolagen Dalam Penyembuhan Luka Pada Tikus Putih

Metformin is used in patients with type 2 DM who had a chronic hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance. DM patients also suffered from hypoxia condtion of lacking oxygen in the tissues.This study was aimed to identify the effect of combination therapy of metformin and hyperbaric oxygen to increase the number of fibroblasts and collagen thickness in thePseudomonas aeruginosa-infected tissue in male Wistar rats with hyperglycemia. This study used alloxan 8% (w/v) that was injected intramuscular, anaerobic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the injured area, metformin of 45mg/kgBB dose, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 2.4 ATA given 3 times 30 minutes respectively with 5 minutes interval for 5 consecutive days. Male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups:KN- was the group of normal Wistar rats;KDM- was the group with alloxan induction;KI -was the group with alloxan induction and infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosawithout treatment;KU1 - was the group induced by alloxan, infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and treated by metformin; and KU2 – was the group that induced by alloxan, infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosaand treated by combination therapy ofmetformin and hyperbaric oxygen. Skin tissue was taken on the termination and HE stained to analysed the number of fibroblast and sized the collagen. Data obtained was statistically analysed by One way anava with a significant level of 5%. The result confirmed that combination therapy of metformin and hyperbaric oxygen increases the number of fibroblasts and collagen thickness in the wound of male hyperglycemic Wistar rats that Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infecte

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF ENDOMETRIAL LESION CHARACTERISTICS BY AGE IN PATHOLOGY DIAGNOSTIC CENTER IN SURABAYA 2015-2017

Background: The etiology of endometrial lesions varies from benign to malignant. Early detection and management of malignancy give the best prognosis for the patient. While studies in America and Europe report a 3-5% risk of malignancy in women below 50 years and a significant increase up to 75-80% in postmenopausal, the availability of national epidemiologic data is limited, therefore the study is held.Method: A descriptive- retrospective study. Total sampling obtained from endometrial specimens in Pathology Diagnostic Center-Prof JH Lunardhi, Sp.PA(K) from 2015 to 2017, while gestation-related, inadequate sample, and incomplete report are excluded. Data analyzed by IBM SPSS 23.0 version. Result: Data of 560 samples, 90% from curettage, 8% hysterectomy, and 2% hysteroscopy. The majority belonged to the 40-49 age group (44.3%). Secretory phase endometrium is the most common finding in the age group of 20-29 years (26.9%). Proliferative phase endometrium is the most common finding. The highest incidence of endometrial hyperplasia occurred in the age group of 40-49 years, for both typical and non-atypical. Endometrial malignancy was found mostly in the 50-59 years (37.03%). Conclusion: The prevalence of endometrial lesions differed according to age groups, with physiological changes, endometritis, polyps, and hyperplasia were most common under 50 years old and the risk of malignancy increased 4.39 times (p.00) beyond 50 years old

Symphathetic nerve activity in patients with renal desease : physiological and pharmacological modulation

Hypertension is common in chronic renal failure (CRF). It is an important cardiovascular risk factor and therefor it is important to establish factors contributing to the pathophysiology of this hypertension. Apart from volume overload and activation of the renin-angiotensin system numerous (minor) mechanisms have been found to contribute to the pathophysiology. There is now increasing evidence, that sympathetic overactivity may be crucial in the pathogenesis. In the present thesis we studied sympathetic nerve activity and the pharmacological and physiological modulation of this activity in various forms of hypertensive renal disease. Furthermore we analyzed the effects on sympathetic activity of cyclosporine and tacrolimus, to elucidate the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in transplantation-associated hypertension. In this theses we use muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to assess sympathetic activity. MSNA is a reproducible direct online registration of post-synaptic nerve activity to resistance vessels and there is a direct correlation with MSNA and systemic vascular resistance. MSNA is measured in hypertensive renal disease patients. It has been established that plasma renin activity (PRA) is inappropriately increased in relation to the fluid status in these patients. High levels of PRA reflect high angiotensin II (AngII) levels. AngII can increase sympathetic activity. PRA and MSNA are related to the volume status in a large group of patients. We established that as with PRA MSNA is inappropriately increased with respect to volume status in CRF patients. Reducing the effects of AngII through ACE-inhibition could reduce sympathetic hyperactivity. We compared the effects of an ACE-inhibitor with those of a calcium-channel blocker, amlodipine, which is a drug not affecting the renin system. ACE-inhibition reduced while amlodipine increased the already augmented sympathetic activity. Furthermore the blood pressure lowering effect of a central sympatholytic drug, clonidine, was augmented in CRF compared to healthy controls, underscoring the importance of the effects of sympathetic hyperactivity on hypertension in CRF. AngII receptor blockers may provide a more complete blockade of the renin cascade than ACE-inhibition. This may also result in more pronounced inhibition of the sympathetic activity. We addressed this hypothesis by comparing these two types of drugs with respect to their effect on blood pressure and sympathetic activity. We could not find a clinical relevant difference between the effects of these two agents. Could sympathetic nerve activity already be increased when renal function is still normal? Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) patients are often identified as renal patient when kidney function is still normal. PKD patients with normal renal function and normal renal function are not different from controls whereas PKD patients with normal renal function but with hypertension already show an increased blood pressure. Thus already in an early stage of a renal disease sympathetic nerve activity is increased. The last two studies in this thesis address the cause of cyclosporine-associated hypertension and renal dysfunction. The pathogenesis of this type of hypertension is probably multifactorial. It is likely that increased sympathetic nerve activity is one of these factors. There are however contrasting findings both in animals and in humans, which may be explained by differences in dosage and duration of treatment. Tacrolimus (TAC) is a newer immunosuppressive agent, which is believed to cause less hypertension. We addressed the question whether cyclosporine (CsA) after single and sustained administration has any effect on MSNA and whether TAC acts differently in this respect in healthy humans. Acute administration of CsA resulted in a dose dependent increase in MSNA while sustained administration reduced MSNA. In contrast acute TAC had no effects on MSNA while it had comparable effects during sustained use. Renal vasoconstriction and subsequent salt retention could be a factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cyclosporine-associated hypertension. Some but not all studies have indicated that TAC may cause less renal vasoconstriction. To clarify this matter, we studied in healthy subjects the effects of both agents on renal hemodynamics. We found a difference between CsA and TAC: CsA caused renal vasoconstriction while TAC did not. Maybe these findings could be beneficial during long-term use in transplant patients In conclusion this theses elucidates the role of sympathetic hyperactivity in the pathogenesis of hypertension in CRF and the effects of important antihypertensive agents with respect to this patient category. While it also establishes the crude effects of CsA and TAC on sympathetic activity in healthy controls

The Inhibitor Pathogen Bacteria’s of Sea Grape Caulerpa lentillifera Applies on Fresh Fish

Contamination of pathogen bacteries at the fresh fish may occur during the post harvesting to the consuming period, and endanger human health. One of simple and safe way to protect secureness of fresh fish food is the use of Caulerpa lentillifera to push down pathogen bacteries activity. The aims of this research to investigate lability of sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) against the activity of pathogen bacteries Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella sp., in fresh fish, during storage phase, at ambient and ice temperatures. Method used in this research is experimental laboratories method, that is, 10%, 20% and 30% blended sea grapes applied on fresh fishes, Selar crumenopthalmus during storage of 1, 2 and 3 days at ambient and ice temperatures. All the applied of blended of Caulerpa lentillifera, shows the ability to obstruct the activity of bactery group coliform and Escherichia coli on fresh fish Selar crumenopthalmus up to 2x 24 hours, at ambient temperature, and 3x24 hours at ice temperature. During storage period, the occurance and grows of Salmonella sp. and Vibrio cholerae bacteries is undetected. Fresh sea grapes concentration of 10% is sufficient to be applied on fresh fish to obstruct the activity of pathogen bacteries Escherichia coli during storage time of 2 x 24 hours at room temperature, and 3 x 24 hours at ice temperature, and to block the occurance of Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella sp. during storage period.

Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Metformin dan Oksigen Hiperbarik Terhadap Jumlah Fibroblas dan Ketebalan Kolagen Dalam Penyembuhan Luka pada Tikus Putih Hiperglikemia.

Metformin telah banyak digunakan sebagai terapi pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mengalami hiperglikemia menahun karena resisten insulin.Penderita DM kronis juga rentan mengalami hipoksia - kekurangan oksigen pada jaringan.Pene1itian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahuipengaruh dari terapi kombinasi metformin dan oksigen hiperbarik terhadap peningkatan jumlah sel fibroblas dan ketebalan kolagen di jaringan kulit yang terinfeksi Pseudomonasaeruginosa pada tikus yang mengalami hiperglikemia.Pene1itian ini rnenggunakan aloksan 8% (b/v) secara intramuscular,bakteri patogen Pseudomonas eruginosadiinfeksikan pada daerah luka,metformin 45mgkgBB, dan terapi oksigen hiperbarik sebesar 2,4 ATA diberikan 3 kali masing-masing selama 30 menit dengan interval waktu 5 menit selama 5 hari. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi 4 ke1ompok:KN- merupakan kelompok tikus normal, KDM - merupakan kelompok tikus diabetes dengan induksi aloksan, KI - merupakan kelompok dengan induksi aloksan dan infeksi oleh Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tanpa terapi, KU1 - kelompok dengan induksi aloksan, infeksi bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dengan terapi metformin; dan KU2 - kelompok dengan induksi aloksan, infeksi Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan terapi dengan kombinasi metformin dan oksigen hiperbarik. Pengambilan jaringan kulit dilakukan setelah tikus diterminasi pada hari ke-5, lalu dipreparasi secara histology dengan pengecatan HE.Data yang diperoleh dianalisa statistik dengan anava satu arah dengan tingkat signifikansi S%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terapi kombinasi metformin dan oksigen hiperbarik dapat meningkatkan jumlah fibroblas dan ketebalan kolagen pada luka tikus putih hiperglikemia yang terinfeksi Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Efek kombinasi metformin-oksigen hiperbarik terhadap jumlah fibroblas dan ketebalan kolagen dalam penyembuhan luka pada tikus putih hiperglikemia

Background : Metformin is used in patients with type 2 DM who had a chronic hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance. DM patients also suffered from hypoxia condtion caused by a lacking oxygen in the tissues. Aim : This study was aimed to identify the effect of combination therapy of metformin and hyperbaric oxygen to increase the number of fibroblasts and collagen thickness in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected tissue in male Wistar rats with hyperglycemia. Methods : This was an experimental study using post test only control design. Male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups: KN - was the group of normal Wistar rats; KDM - was the group with alloxan induction; KI - was the group with alloxan induction and infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa without treatment; KU1 - was the group induced with alloxan, infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and treated with metformin; and KU2 – was the group that induced with alloxan, infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and treated with combination therapy of metformin and hyperbaric oxygen. This study used alloxan 8% (w/v) that was injected intra muscular to induce hyperglycemic condition. Anaerobic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was swapped in the injured area. The treatment dose of metformin was 45mg/kgBB and hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 2.4 ATA given 3 times 30 minutes respectively with 5 minutes interval for 5 consecutive days. Skin tissue was taken on the termination and HE stained to analys the number of fibroblast and sized the collagen. Data obtained was statistically analysed by one way anova with a significant level of 5%. Result : The result confirmed that combination therapy of metformin and hyperbaric oxygen increases significantly the number of fibroblasts and collagen thickness in the wound of male hyperglycemic Wistar rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Discussion : Combination therapy of metformin and hyperbaric oxygen enhanced wound healing by enhancing fibroblast and increasing the thickness of collagen

Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Metformin dan Oksigen Hiperbarik Terhadap Jumlah Fibroblas dan Ketebalan Kolagen Dalam Penyembuhan Luka pada Tikus Putih Hiperglikemia.

Metformin telah banyak digunakan sebagai terapi pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mengalami hiperglikemia menahun karena resisten insulin.Penderita DM kronis juga rentan mengalami hipoksia - kekurangan oksigen pada jaringan.Pene1itian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahuipengaruh dari terapi kombinasi metformin dan oksigen hiperbarik terhadap peningkatan jumlah sel fibroblas dan ketebalan kolagen di jaringan kulit yang terinfeksi Pseudomonasaeruginosa pada tikus yang mengalami hiperglikemia.Pene1itian ini rnenggunakan aloksan 8% (b/v) secara intramuscular,bakteri patogen Pseudomonas eruginosadiinfeksikan pada daerah luka,metformin 45mgkgBB, dan terapi oksigen hiperbarik sebesar 2,4 ATA diberikan 3 kali masing-masing selama 30 menit dengan interval waktu 5 menit selama 5 hari. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi 4 ke1ompok:KN- merupakan kelompok tikus normal, KDM - merupakan kelompok tikus diabetes dengan induksi aloksan, KI - merupakan kelompok dengan induksi aloksan dan infeksi oleh Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tanpa terapi, KU1 - kelompok dengan induksi aloksan, infeksi bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dengan terapi metformin; dan KU2 - kelompok dengan induksi aloksan, infeksi Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan terapi dengan kombinasi metformin dan oksigen hiperbarik. Pengambilan jaringan kulit dilakukan setelah tikus diterminasi pada hari ke-5, lalu dipreparasi secara histology dengan pengecatan HE.Data yang diperoleh dianalisa statistik dengan anava satu arah dengan tingkat signifikansi S%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terapi kombinasi metformin dan oksigen hiperbarik dapat meningkatkan jumlah fibroblas dan ketebalan kolagen pada luka tikus putih hiperglikemia yang terinfeksi Pseudomonas aeruginosa