Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Livoneca redmanni Leach (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) e Rocinela signata Schioedte & Meinert (Isopoda, Aegidae), ectoparasitos de Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin (Ostheichthyes, Scombridae) no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil Livoneca redmanni Leach (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) and Rocinelasignata Schioedte & Meinert (Isopoda, Aegidae), ectoparasites of Scomberomorusbrasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin (Ostheichthyes, Scombridae) in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Entre Isopodas Crustaceas existem ectoparasitos que são de fácil observação devido ao seu tamanho. Eles causam lesões mecânicas no hospedeiro que podem resultar em morte. Este trabalho verificou a existência de parasitismo por isópodos no peixe serra, Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978) das águas costeiras do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Os índices de infestação parasitária dos isópodos foram calculados e relacionados com o tamanho, peso e o estado gonadal do hospedeiro. Livoneca redmanni (Leach, 1818) (Cymothoidae) e Rocinela signata (Schioedte & Meinert, 1879) (Aegidae) foram registradas pela primeira vez nas águas costeiras do Rio Grande do Norte. Os locais de fixação de L. redmanni no hospedeiro foram a cavidade bucal e a câmara branquial, enquanto R. signata sempre foi encontrada na câmara branquial. Dos exemplares de S. brasiliensis capturados 31 % estavam parasitados, onde 86 % eram de L. redmanni e 14 % de R. signata. Foi registrado uma intensidade mínima de um e máxima de quatro isópodos por hospedeiro. Os isópodos apresentaram uma preferência pelos hospedeiros imaturos e em maturação de S. brasiliensis.<br>Among the crustacean isopoda there exists ectoparasites which are easy to observe due to their size. They cause lesions on the host that could lead to death. The present study verified the occurrence of parasitic isopods on the fish Serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978) from the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Indices of parasitic infection by isopods were calculated and correlated to the body size, weight and the stage of gonadal maturity of the host. Livoneca redmanni (Leach, 1818) (Cymothoidae) and Rocinela signata (Schioedte & Meinert, 1879) (Aegidae) were registered for the first time in the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte. L. redmanni was encountered both in the oral cavity and in the gill chambers of the host, whereas R. signata was found only in the gill chambers. Parasitic isopods were encountered on 31% of S. brasiliensis captured, wherein 86% was L. redmanni and 14% was R. signata. The maximum parasitic intensity was four with a minimum of one isopods per host. The isopods showed a preference for immature and maturing stages of the host S. brasiliensis

Ion-tagged π-acidic alkene ligands promote Pd-catalysed allyl-aryl couplings in an ionic liquid

Ionic p-acidic alkene ligands based on chalcone and benzylidene acetone frameworks have been ?doped? into ionic liquids to provide functional reaction media for Pd-catalysed cross-couplings of a cyclohexenyl carbonate with aryl siloxanes that allow simple product isolation, free from Pd