Static solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov system with non-vanishing cosmological constant

We construct spherically symmetric, static solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov system with non-vanishing cosmological constant $\Lambda$. The results are divided as follows. For small $\Lambda>0$ we show existence of globally regular solutions which coincide with the Schwarzschild-deSitter solution in the exterior of the matter sources. For $\Lambda<0$ we show via an energy estimate the existence of globally regular solutions which coincide with the Schwarzschild-Anti-deSitter solution in the exterior vacuum region. We also construct solutions with a Schwarzschild singularity at the center regardless of the sign of $\Lambda$. For all solutions considered, the energy density and the pressure components have bounded support. Finally, we point out a straightforward method to obtain a large class of globally non-vacuum spacetimes with topologies $\mathbb R\times S^3$ and $\mathbb R\times S^2\times \mathbb R$ which arise from our solutions using the periodicity of the Schwarzschild-deSitter solution. A subclass of these solutions contains black holes of different masses.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figure

Summary of LDEF battery analyses

Tests and analyses of NiCd, LiSO2, and LiCf batteries flown on the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) includes results from NASA, Aerospace, and commercial labs. The LiSO2 cells illustrate six-year degradation of internal components acceptable for space applications, with up to 85 percent battery capacity remaining on discharge of some returned cells. LiCf batteries completed their mission, but lost any remaining capacity due to internal degradation. Returned NiCd batteries tested an GSFC showed slight case distortion due to pressure build up, but were functioning as designed

Multipoint observations of compressional Pc5 pulsations in the dayside magnetosphere and corresponding particle signatures

We use Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes A and B, henceforth RBSP-A and RBSP-B) and GOES-13 and GOES-15 (henceforth G-13 and G-15) multipoint magnetic field, electric field, plasma, and energetic particle observations to study the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of compressional Pc5 pulsations observed during the recovery phase of a strong geomagnetic storm on 1 January 2016. From ∼ 19:00 to 23:02 UT, successive magnetospheric compressions enhanced the peak-to-peak amplitudes of Pc5 waves with 4.5\u276.0 mHz frequencies from 0\u27 2 to 10\u2715 nT at both RBSP-A and RBSP-B, particularly in the prenoon magnetosphere. Poloidal Pc4 pulsations with frequencies of ∼ 22\u2729 mHz were present in the radial Bx component. The frequencies of these Pc4 pulsations diminished with increasing radial distance, as expected for resonant Alfv n waves standing along field lines. The GOES spacecraft observed Pc5 pulsations with similar frequencies to those seen by the RBSP but Pc4 pulsations with lower frequencies. Both RBSP-A and RBSP-B observed frequency doubling in the compressional component of the magnetic field during the Pc5 waves, indicating a meridional sloshing of the equatorial node over a combined range in ZSM from 0.25 to-0:08 Re, suggesting that the amplitude of this meridional oscillation was ∼ 0.16 Re about an equatorial node whose mean position was near ZSM D∼ 0:08 Re. RBSP-A and RBSP-B HOPE (Helium Oxygen Proton Electron) and MagEIS (Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer) observations provide the first evidence for a corresponding frequency doubling in the plasma density and the flux of energetic electrons, respectively. Energetic electron fluxes oscillated out of phase with the magnetic field strength with no phase shift at any energy. In the absence of any significant solar wind trigger or phase shift with energy, we interpret the compressional Pc5 pulsations in terms of the mirror-mode instability

Asymptotic Stability of Minkowski Space-Time with Non-compactly Supported Massless Vlasov Matter.

We prove the global asymptotic stability of the Minkowski space for the massless Einstein-Vlasov system in wave coordinates. In contrast with previous work on the subject, no compact support assumptions on the initial data of the Vlasov field in space or the momentum variables are required. In fact, the initial decay in v is optimal. The present proof is based on vector field and weighted vector field techniques for Vlasov fields, as developed in previous work of Fajman, Joudioux, and Smulevici, and heavily relies on several structural properties of the massless Vlasov equation, similar to the null and weak null conditions. To deal with the weak decay rate of the metric, we propagate well-chosen hierarchized weighted energy norms which reflect the strong decay properties satisfied by the particle density far from the light cone. A particular analytical difficulty arises at the top order, when we do not have access to improved pointwise decay estimates for certain metric components. This difficulty is resolved using a novel hierarchy in the massless Einstein-Vlasov system, which exploits the propagation of different growth rates for the energy norms of different metric components

Archival Information Package (AIP) Draft Specification

This report builds on the overview of existing solutions for AIPs given in D4.1. It describes a blueprint for the structure of an AIP format following from the state of the art described there. As an AIP has a potentially unlimited life span, however, we augment the presentation of the format of the physical file representing the AIP by a discussion of how such an AIP may keep an unchanged identity, while its physical representation may change over time. A “Pan-European AIP format” is supposed to handle essentially each type of digital content a user may want it to contain. It is obviously impossible, to describe in a format document, how content not yet known will be handled. The document, therefore, also contains a chapter on the way in which this format is embedded into the technical workflow within which an AIP exists

A physicochemical roadmap of yeast replicative aging

Cellular aging is a multifactorial process that is characterized by a decline in homeostatic capacity, best described at the molecular level. Physicochemical properties such as pH and macromolecular crowding, are essential to all molecular processes in cells and require maintenance. Whether a drift in physicochemical properties contributes to the overall decline of homeostasis in aging is not known. Here we show that the cytosol of yeast cells acidifies modestly in early aging and sharply after senescence. Using a macromolecular crowding sensor optimized for long-term FRET measurements, we show the macromolecular crowding changes less in longer-lived cells in contrast to shorter-lived cells. While the average pH and crowding levels change only modestly with aging, we observe drastic changes in organellar volume, leading to crowding on the µm scale, which we term organellar crowding. Our measurements provide an initial framework of physicochemical parameters of replicatively-aged yeast cells

Near-Earth injection of MeV electrons associated with intense dipolarization electric fields: Van Allen Probes observations.

Substorms generally inject tens to hundreds of keV electrons, but intense substorm electric fields have been shown to inject MeV electrons as well. An intriguing question is whether such MeVelectron injections can populate the outer radiation belt. Here we present observations of a substorm injection of MeV electrons into the inner magnetosphere. In the premidnight sector at L ∼ 5.5, Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes)-A observed a large dipolarization electric field (50 mV/m) over ∼40 s and a dispersionless injection of electrons up to ∼3 MeV. Pitch angle observations indicated betatron acceleration of MeV electrons at the dipolarization front. Corresponding signals of MeV electron injection were observed at LANL-GEO, THEMIS-D, and GOES at geosynchronous altitude. Through a series of dipolarizations, the injections increased the MeV electron phase space density by 1 order of magnitude in less than 3 h in the outer radiation belt (L &gt; 4.8). Our observations provide evidence that deep injections can supply significant MeV electrons

Archival Information Package (AIP) Formats and Restrictions

Within the overall strategy of E-ARK the AIPs have a small but highly significant role. While SIPs have to be created by all archival systems to be used within individual solutions, and DIPs have to be deployed in all environments, the conversion between the three pan-European formats for information packages (SIP ==>AIP ==> DIP), has to be realized only once, leading to significant savings. The structure of the E-ARK AIP has therefore not to be derived from individual implementations of existing technology providers, but from the major abstract concepts currently existing. This report examines and describes these concepts and derives recommendations from them, which will be used as a guide line in the next step, the design of the pan-European AIP format and the conversion tools supporting it

A physicochemical perspective of aging from single-cell analysis of pH, macromolecular and organellar crowding in yeast

Cellular aging is a multifactorial process that is characterized by a decline in homeostatic capacity, best described at the molecular level. Physicochemical properties such as pH and macromolecular crowding are essential to all molecular processes in cells and require maintenance. Whether a drift in physicochemical properties contributes to the overall decline of homeostasis in aging is not known. Here we show that the cytosol of yeast cells acidifies modestly in early aging and sharply after senescence. Using a macromolecular crowding sensor optimized for long-term FRET measurements, we show that crowding is rather stable and that the stability of crowding is a stronger predictor for lifespan than the absolute crowding levels. Additionally, in aged cells we observe drastic changes in organellar volume, leading to crowding on the µm scale, which we term organellar crowding. Our measurements provide an initial framework of physicochemical parameters of replicatively aged yeast cells