Gamma Radiation Induced Oxidation and Tocopherols Decrease in In-Shell, Peeled and Blanched Peanuts

In-shell, peeled and blanched peanut samples were characterized in relation to proximate composition and fatty acid profile. No difference was found in relation to its proximate composition. The three major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In order to investigate irradiation and storage effects, peanut samples were submitted to doses of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 kGy, stored for six months at room temperature and monitored every three months. Peanuts responded differently to irradiation, particularly with regards to tocopherol contents, primary and secondary oxidation products and oil stability index. Induction periods and tocopherol contents were negatively correlated with irradiation doses and decreased moderately during storage. α-Tocopherol was the most gamma radiation sensitive and peeled samples were the most affected. A positive correlation was found among tocopherol contents and the induction period of the oils extracted from irradiated samples. Gamma radiation and storage time increased oxidation compounds production. If gamma radiation is considered an alternative for industrial scale peanut conservation, in-shell samples are the best feedstock. For the best of our knowledge this is the first article with such results; this way it may be helpful as basis for future studies on gamma radiation of in-shell crops

Umami ingredient from shiitake (Lentinula edodes) by-products as a flavor enhancer in low-salt beef burgers: Effects on physicochemical and technological properties

The impact of salt reduction and addition of Umami Ingredient, obtained from shiitake stipes, on the physicochemical and technological properties of beef burgers was evaluated. Seven treatments were performed: one control (regular salt content) and six low-salt formulations with different levels of salt and Umami Ingredient. Cooked burgers with salt reduction and Umami Ingredient addition showed a slight increase in lightness and yellowness, but no effect was found for redness, pH, and water activity. There was no decrease in cooking loss and diameter reduction in any of the formulations and only samples with 70% salt reduction were significantly less hard and chewy in comparison to the control. An increase in the free amino acids proline and phenylalanine was observed in treatments with Umami Ingredient. In general, the treatments did not affect amino acid profiles compared to the control and the most abundant amino acids were those related to the umami taste (glutamic and aspartic acids). The volatile profile of beef burgers showed a slight increase in compounds also found in the Umami Ingredient, mainly 3-methylbutanal, (S)-(+)-1,2-Propanediol and dimethyl sulfide. Based on physicochemical and technological parameters, the Umami Ingredient can be considered a promising natural flavor enhancer for low-salt beef burgers.Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development | Ref. 423513/2018-4Axencia Galega de Innovación | Ref. IN607A2019/01Fundación de Investigación de São Paulo (FAPESP) | Ref. 2019/24507 -3Fundación de Investigación de São Paulo (FAPESP) | Ref. 2019/02280-7CYTED | Ref. 119RT056

APNEIA DO SONO E ALTERAÇÕES CARDIOVASCULARES: DA DISFUNÇÃO ENDOTELIAL ATÉ FENÔMENOS ISQUÊMICOS E TROMBOEMBÓLICOS

Introdução: A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é um transtorno de alta prevalência na população mundial, causando fragmentação do sono, excitação cortical e queda na saturação de oxigênio no sangue.  Tendo em vista sua complexidade e heterogeneidade clínica, vê-se a necessidade de compreender as possíveis complicações desse distúrbio, principalmente quanto ao risco de eventos cardiovasculares, com alta morbimortalidade associada. Objetivo: Verificar evidências que comprovem as alterações cardiovasculares da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Resultados: O estresse oxidativo, a ativação simpática e as respostas inflamatórias causados pela AOS desencadeiam hipóxia intermitente, a médio e longo prazo. Além disso, corroboram em lesões endoteliais, facilitando o desenvolvimento de fenômenos isquêmicos e tromboembólicos como a hipertensão pulmonar, síndrome coronariana aguda, infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular encefálico e doença arterial periférica de membros inferiores. Observa-se ainda que a gravidade da AOS tem sólida ligação com maior risco de eventos cardiovasculares, principalmente quando associados a um comprometimento da função pulmonar. Considerações Finais: No manejo clínico de pacientes com AOS, é importante considerar o aumento do risco de ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Sugere-se que profissionais de saúde, juntamente com as autoridades responsáveis pela elaboração dos protocolos internacionais das doenças cardiovasculares, considerassem a complexidade da apneia do sono na tentativa de reduzir os agravos de morbidade e mortalidade.Introdução: A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é um transtorno de alta prevalência na população mundial, causando fragmentação do sono, excitação cortical e queda na saturação de oxigênio no sangue.  Tendo em vista sua complexidade e heterogeneidade clínica, vê-se a necessidade de compreender as possíveis complicações desse distúrbio, principalmente quanto ao risco de eventos cardiovasculares, com alta morbimortalidade associada. Objetivo: Verificar evidências que comprovem as alterações cardiovasculares da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Resultados: O estresse oxidativo, a ativação simpática e as respostas inflamatórias causados pela AOS desencadeiam hipóxia intermitente, a médio e longo prazo. Além disso, corroboram em lesões endoteliais, facilitando o desenvolvimento de fenômenos isquêmicos e tromboembólicos como a hipertensão pulmonar, síndrome coronariana aguda, infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular encefálico e doença arterial periférica de membros inferiores. Observa-se ainda que a gravidade da AOS tem sólida ligação com maior risco de eventos cardiovasculares, principalmente quando associados a um comprometimento da função pulmonar. Considerações Finais: No manejo clínico de pacientes com AOS, é importante considerar o aumento do risco de ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Sugere-se que profissionais de saúde, juntamente com as autoridades responsáveis pela elaboração dos protocolos internacionais das doenças cardiovasculares, considerassem a complexidade da apneia do sono na tentativa de reduzir os agravos de morbidade e mortalidade. Palavras-chave: “Cardiovascular diseases”, “Heart Diseases Risk Factors” e “Sleep Wake Disorders”

Gamma Radiation Effects on Peanut Skin Antioxidants

Peanut skin, which is removed in the peanut blanching process, is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The aims of this study were to measure bioactive compounds in peanut skins and evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on their antioxidant activity. Peanut skin samples were treated with 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 kGy gamma rays. Total phenolics, condensed tannins, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Extracts obtained from the peanut skins were added to refined-bleached-deodorized (RBD) soybean oil. The oxidative stability of the oil samples was determined using the Oil Stability Index method and compared to a control and synthetic antioxidants (100 mg/kg BHT and 200 mg/kg TBHQ). Gamma radiation changed total phenolic content, total condensed tannins, total flavonoid content, and the antioxidant activity. All extracts, gamma irradiated or not, presented increasing induction period (h), measured by the Oil Stability Index method, when compared with the control. Antioxidant activity of the peanut skins was higher than BHT. The present study confirmed that gamma radiation did not affect the peanut skin extracts’ antioxidative properties when added to soybean oil

Experiência, teoria e ação : práticas pedagógicas de ensino de língua portuguesa

-Este livro apresenta ações pedagógicas de ensino de língua portuguesa e literatura implementadas no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Letras da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Em uma perspectiva de pesquisa ação, foram desenvolvidas intervenções em sala de aula de ensino básico, pautadas em abordagens teóricas recentes. As motivações, etapas de intervenção, bases teóricas, experiências e resultados das intervenções são expostos e discutidos na obra como forma de incentivar a replicação de ações exitosas de ensino de língua materna

The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil

The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.This work was supported in part by grants from Barretos Cancer Hospital (FINEP - CT-INFRA, 02/2010), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, 2013/24633-2 and 2103/23277-8), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Ministério da Saúde, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Avon grant #02-2013-044) and National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (grant #RC4 CA153828-01) for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. Support in part was provided by grants from Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, BioComputacional 3381/2013, Rede de Pesquisa em Genômica Populacional Humana), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular (UFBA), INCT pra Controle do Câncer and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). RMR and PAP are recipients of CNPq Productivity Grants, and Bárbara Alemar received a grant from the same agencyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diretriz Brasileira sobre a Saúde Cardiovascular no Climatério e na Menopausa – 2024

Women, who represent approximately half of the global population according to estimates as of January 2024, may experience signs and symptoms of menopause for at least one-third of their lives, during which they have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events vary depending on the age at which MHT is initiated and the time since menopause until its initiation. Beneficial effects on CVD outcomes and all-cause mortality have been observed when MHT was initiated before the age of 60 or within 10 years after menopause. The decision regarding the initiation, dose, regimen, and duration of MHT should be made individually after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. For primary prevention of postmenopausal chronic conditions, the combined use of estrogen and progestogen is not recommended in asymptomatic women, nor is the use of estrogen alone in hysterectomized women. Hormone-dependent neoplasms contraindicate MHT. For the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, vaginal estrogen therapy may be used in patients with known cardiovascular risk factors or established CVD. For women with contraindications to MHT or who refuse it, non-hormonal therapies with proven efficacy (antidepressants, gabapentin, and fezolinetant) may improve vasomotor symptoms. Compounded hormonal implants, or "bioidentical" and "compounded" hormones, and "hormone modulation" are not recommended due to lack of scientific evidence of their effectiveness and safety.Mujeres, que representan aproximadamente la mitad de la población mundial según estimaciones de enero de 2024, pueden experimentar signos y síntomas de la menopausia durante al menos un tercio de sus vidas, durante los cuales tienen un mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular. Los efectos de la terapia hormonal de la menopausia (THM) en la progresión de la aterosclerosis y los eventos de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) varían según la edad en que se inicia la THM y el tiempo transcurrido desde la menopausia hasta su inicio. Se han observado efectos beneficiosos en los resultados de ECV y la mortalidad por todas las causas cuando la THM se inició antes de los 60 años o dentro de los 10 años posteriores a la menopausia. La decisión sobre la iniciación, dosis, régimen y duración de la THM debe tomarse individualmente después de discutir los beneficios y riesgos con cada paciente. Para la prevención primaria de condiciones crónicas en la posmenopausia, no se recomienda el uso combinado de estrógeno y progestágeno en mujeres asintomáticas, ni el uso de estrógeno solo en mujeres histerectomizadas. Las neoplasias dependientes de hormonas contraindican la THM. Para el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, se puede usar terapia estrogénica vaginal en pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular conocidos o ECV establecida. Para mujeres con contraindicaciones a la THM o que la rechazan, las terapias no hormonales con eficacia demostrada (antidepresivos, gabapentina y fezolinetant) pueden mejorar los síntomas vasomotores. Los implantes hormonales compuestos, o hormonas "bioidénticas" y "compuestas", y la "modulación hormonal" no se recomiendan debido a la falta de evidencia científica sobre su efectividad y seguridad.As mulheres, que representam cerca de metade da população mundial segundo estimativas de janeiro de 2024, podem sofrer com sinais e sintomas da menopausa durante pelo menos um terço de suas vidas, quando apresentam maiores risco e morbimortalidade cardiovasculares. Os efeitos da terapia hormonal da menopausa (THM) na progressão de eventos de aterosclerose e doença cardiovascular (DCV) variam de acordo com a idade em que a THM é iniciada e o tempo desde a menopausa até esse início. Efeitos benéficos nos resultados de DCV e na mortalidade por todas as causas ocorreram quando a THM foi iniciada antes dos 60 anos de idade ou nos 10 anos que se seguiram à menopausa. A decisão sobre o início, a dose, o regime e a duração da THM deve ser tomada individualmente após discussão sobre benefícios e riscos com cada paciente. Para a prevenção primária de condições crônicas na pós-menopausa, não se recomendam o uso combinado de estrogênio e progestagênio em mulheres assintomáticas nem o uso de estrogênio sozinho em mulheres histerectomizadas. Neoplasias hormônio-dependentes contraindicam a THM. Para tratamento da síndrome geniturinária da menopausa, pode-se utilizar terapia estrogênica por via vaginal em pacientes com fatores de risco cardiovascular conhecidos ou DCV estabelecida. Para mulheres com contraindicação à THM ou que a recusam, terapias não hormonais com eficácia comprovada (antidepressivos, gabapentina e fezolinetante) podem melhorar os sintomas vasomotores. Os implantes hormonais manipulados, ou hormônios “bioidênticos” “manipulados”, e a ‘modulação hormonal’ não são recomendados pela falta de evidência científica de sua eficácia e segurança

Educação Popular e Universidade: vivências a partir da extensão, pesquisa e ensino

Este livro é um apanhado histórico, mas atual. É uma reunião de relatos, textos, reflexões, processos, partilhas, que versam sobre nosso sonho de construir uma educação libertadora, um mundo de liberdade. Ainda há muito que ser construído e o caminho é árduo, não temos dúvida. A verdadeira práxis revolucionária não se nutre de seres apenas caminhantes, mas de seres que se envolvem com o caminhar, que são capazes de mudar, mudando a si mesmos também. Somos indivíduos sociais e pintamos o quadro da vida em múltiplas linguagens. É por isso que este livro também carrega diferentes apostas acadêmico-estético-políticas. Por meio de fotografias, poesias, relatos, ensaios e reflexões teóricas, olhares que abordaram com muito carinho e rigor o universo do PET Educação Popular. Foi escrito por várias mãos que constituíram a trajetória do grupo nas diversidades humanas (relações de sexo/gênero), étnico-raciais (negros, indígenas, imigrantes, nordestinos, pobres em geral) e de classes sociais. Combate-se assim, nas ações concretas, as desigualdades sociais, de sexo/gênero, étnico-racial etc, o patriarcado, machismo, LGBTQIA+fobia, o racismo e o capitalismo, a falta de democracia, de liberdade, que outrora iluminaram a modernidade do Capital.Ministério da Educação (MEC

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca