Infra civitatem Priwinae : Geophysical survey of the early medieval centre of Mosapurc/Zalavár

one of the most attractive themes in archaeological research is the excavation of central places. These include early medieval centres which mirror the political and socio-economic relationships, reflecting the changes of their time. Zalavár-Vársziget is undoubtedly one of the most important fortified sites in central europe in the early Middle ages. its short-lived existence from the 840s to the beginning of the 10th c. perfectly illustrates the rise and fall of carolingian power in Pannonia. it was a place where important people of that time, including Pribina, kocel, Methodius, and arnulf, lived and worked. its repeated occurrence in written historical sources also points to its significance. in these sources, it appears under various names, but especially as Mosaburg. Systematic archaeological excavation of the site has been conducted for approximately 70 years. Within the last decade, geophysical surveys followed field research. By comparing previous knowledge and new results from the geophysical prospection, we were able to, with the help of statistics and spatial analyses, evaluate the similarities and differences between the central area and its surroundings, identifying the basic characteristics of the individual parts of the site

Rituximab in Membranous Nephropathy

Membranous nephropathy is the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome among adults. The identification of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) as target antigen in a majority of patients changed the management of membranous nephropathy dramatically, and provided a rationale for B cell depleting agents such as rituximab. The efficacy of rituximab in inducing remission has been investigated in several studies including three randomized controlled trials, in which complete and partial remission of proteinuria was achieved in about two thirds of treated patients. Due to its favorable safety profile, rituximab is now considered a first-line treatment option for membranous nephropathy, especially in patients at moderate and high risk of deterioration in kidney function. However, questions remain about how to best use rituximab, including the optimal dosing regimen, a potential need for maintenance therapy and assessment of long-term safety and efficacy outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature and discuss both strengths and limitations of “the new standard”