COVID 19: Sin distinción de raza, sexo o posición socioeconómica; Nadie está seguro.: COVID 19: Without distinction of race, sex or socioeconomic position; No one is safe.

I have read with great pleasure and gratitude the article Protecting Health Personnel in the COVID- 19 Pandemic By Jhony De La Cruz, publish March, 21, 2020 in this prestigious journal. In response to this very informative article on the COVID-19 pandemic, I would like to express my sadness and share my experience of what we are living first hand here in the epicenter of the United States, New York city but first let me begin by giving you an idea of the timeline that has taken place to get us where we are today. As we all know, there was a whistleblower doctor in Wuhan, China, his name was Li Wenliang, he was an ophthalmologist. On December 31 st 2019,  China confirmed the existence of the new virus initially called 2019-nCoV now referred to as SARS-CoV2, but Dr. Li Wenliang said he had observed many of his colleagues get very ill, fall sick, and observed 4 die from the virus in the 2 months prior to that.He leído con placer y gratitud el artículo “Protección del personal de salud en la pandemia COVID-19” escrito por el Prof. Doctor Jhony De La Cruz, publicado el 21 de marzo de 2020 en esta prestigiosa revista. En respuesta a este artículo muy ilustrativo sobre la pandemia de COVID-19, me gustaría expresar mi tristeza y compartir mi experiencia de lo que estamos viviendo, de primera mano, aquí en el epicentro de los Estados Unidos, la ciudad de Nueva York; pero primero déjenme comenzar por darles una idea de la línea de tiempo que ha tenido lugar este nefasto episodio, para llevarnos a donde estamos hoy. Como todos sabemos, había un médico denunciante en Wuhan, China, su nombre era Li Wenliang, era un oftalmólogo. El 31 de diciembre de 2019, China confirmó la existencia del nuevo virus inicialmente llamado 2019-nCoV, ahora conocido como SARS-CoV2, pero el Dr. Li Wenliang dijo que había observado que muchos de sus colegas se enfermaron y observaron 4 muertes con el virus en los 2 meses anteriores a eso

Impactos de los choques externos, ciclos económicos y arreglos preferenciales comerciales sobre la producción agropecuaria en el Perú, 1950-2007

This paper estimates the impact of external shocks, business cycle, and a set of six preferential trade arrangements that Peruvian economy has faced during period 1950-2007 upon the agriculture product and its two components, the external and internal product. The results indicate that external shocks and business cycle that affected to the per capita GDP of the whole economy also have affected to the per capita agriculture GDP and its two components. The impacts on the relative prices of the total output and its two components, in general, have been weaker. On the other hand, the set of six preferential arrangements have not affected in a significant way to the aggregated agriculture per capita GDP in particular to its internal component. In contrast, these arrangements did affect to the agriculture relative prices, particularly upon the external component of the agriculture sector.external shocks, business cycle, six preferential

Kidney disease in primary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome

APS is an autoimmune disease defined by the presence of arterial or venous thrombotic events and/or pregnancy morbidity in patients who test positive for aPL. APS can be isolated (primary APS) or associated with other autoimmune diseases. The kidney is a major target organ in APS, and renal thrombosis can occur at any level within the vasculature of the kidney (renal arteries, intrarenal vasculature and renal veins). Histological findings vary widely, including ischaemic glomeruli and thrombotic lesions without glomerular or arterial immune deposits on immunofluorescence. Renal involvement in patients with definite APS is treated with long-term anticoagulants as warfarin, but new treatments are being tried. The aim of this article is to review the links between primary APS and kidney disease

Classifying resilience approaches for protecting smart grids against cyber threats

Smart grids (SG) draw the attention of cyber attackers due to their vulnerabilities, which are caused by the usage of heterogeneous communication technologies and their distributed nature. While preventing or detecting cyber attacks is a well-studied field of research, making SG more resilient against such threats is a challenging task. This paper provides a classification of the proposed cyber resilience methods against cyber attacks for SG. This classification includes a set of studies that propose cyber-resilient approaches to protect SG and related cyber-physical systems against unforeseen anomalies or deliberate attacks. Each study is briefly analyzed and is associated with the proper cyber resilience technique which is given by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the Special Publication 800-160. These techniques are also linked to the different states of the typical resilience curve. Consequently, this paper highlights the most critical challenges for achieving cyber resilience, reveals significant cyber resilience aspects that have not been sufficiently considered yet and, finally, proposes scientific areas that should be further researched in order to enhance the cyber resilience of SG.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA

Treating hummingbirds as feathered bees : a case of ethological cross-pollination

Hummingbirds feed from hundreds of flowers every day. The properties of these flowers provide these birds with a wealth of information about colour, space and time to guide how they forage. To understand how hummingbirds might use this information, researchers have adapted established laboratory paradigms for use in the field. In recent years, however, experimental inspiration has come less from other birds, and more from looking at other nectar-feeders, particularly honeybees and bumblebees, which have been models for foraging behaviour and cognition for over a century. In a world in which the cognitive abilities of bees regularly make the news, research on the influence of ecology and sensory systems on bee behaviour is leading to novel insights in hummingbird cognition. As methods designed to study insects in the laboratory are being applied to hummingbirds in the field, converging methods can help us identify and understand convergence in cognition, behaviour and ecology.PostprintPeer reviewe

Preferential Trade Agreements and Productivity: Evidence from Peru

This paper analyzes the impact of reducing output tariffs (i.e., domestic tariffs on import of final goods) and input tariffs (i.e., domestic tariffs on imports of intermediate goods) on total factor productivity growth of Peruvian manufacturing firms. Peru’s annual survey of manufacturing data from 2003–2017 is used to explore the reduction of tariffs during three preferential trade agreements: United States, China, and the European Union. Lower output tari˙s could decrease productivity by reducing firm’s market share or could increase productivity by inducing tougher import competition, while cheaper imported inputs can raise productivity via learning, variety, and quality effects. The results show that a decrease in output tariffs decreases Peruvian firms’ productivity growth for non-exporters (i.e., domestic firms producing goods that are also imported) while increasing productivity growth for exporters (i.e., domestic firms producing export goods). In contrast, a reduction in input tariffs increases firm productivity for all firms

Bird nest building : visions for the future

Templeton World Charity Foundation and National Geographic Society (M.C.T.-R.: TWCF 0210, EC-58859R-19) and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (M.H.).Successful reproduction for most birds requires them to have built ‘good’ nests. The remarkable diversity of nests across approximately 10 000 species of living birds suggests that ‘good’ nest design depends critically on a species' microhabitat, life history and behaviour. Unravelling the key drivers of nest diversity remains a key research priority—bolstered by renewed appreciation for nest museum collections and increasing correlational field and experimental laboratory data. Phylogenetic analyses—coupled with powerful datasets of nest traits—are increasingly shedding light on the evolution of nest morphology and there are functional questions yet to be addressed. For birds, at least, developmental and mechanistic analyses of building (behaviour, hormones, neuroscience) itself, rather than measurements and analyses of nest morphology, are already becoming the next major challenge. We are moving towards a holistic picture in which Tinbergen's four levels of explanation: evolution, function, development, and mechanism, are being used to explain variation and convergence in nest design—and, in turn, could shed light on the question of how birds know how to build ‘good’ nests.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in common vampire bats <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> and livestock in Peru

Antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial production of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) is a global threat to public health. ESBL resistance is most commonly hospital‐acquired; however, infections acquired outside of hospital settings have raised concerns over the role of livestock and wildlife in the zoonotic spread of ESBL‐producing bacteria. Only limited data are available on the circulation of ESBL‐producing bacteria in animals. Here, we report ESBL‐producing Escherichia coli in wild common vampire bats Desmodus rotundus and livestock near Lima, Peru. Molecular analyses revealed that most of this resistance resulted from the expression of blaCTX‐M‐15 genes carried by plasmids, which are disseminating worldwide in hospital settings and have also been observed in healthy children of Peru. Multilocus sequence typing showed a diverse pool of E. coli strains carrying this resistance that were not always host species‐specific, suggesting sharing of strains between species or infection from a common source. This study shows widespread ESBL resistance in wild and domestic animals, supporting animal communities as a potential source of resistance. Future work is needed to elucidate the role of bats in the dissemination of antibiotic‐resistant strains of public health importance and to understand the origin of the observed resistance

A Bottom-Up Implementation of Path-Relinking for Phylogenetic Reconstruction Applied to Maximum Parsimony

In this article we describe a bottom-up implementation of Path-Relinking for Phylogenetic Trees in the context of the resolution of the Maximum Parsimony problem with Fitch optimality criterion. This bottom-up implementation is compared to two versions of an existing top-down implementation. We show that our implementation is more efficient, more interesting to compare trees and to give an estimation of the distance between two trees in terms of the number of transformation