NIRS potential use for the determination of natural resources quality from dehesa (acorn and grass) in Montanera system for Iberian pigs.

NIRS technology has been used as an alternative to conventional methods to determinate the content of nutrients of acorns and grass from dehesa ecosystem. Dry matter (DM), crude fat (CF), crude protein (CP), starch, total phenolic compounds (TP), α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, fatty acids, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total energy (TE) were determined by conventional methods for later development of NIRS predictive equations. The NIR spectrum of each sample was collected and for all studied parameters, a predictive model was obtained and external validated. Good prediction equations were obtained for moisture, crude fat, crude protein, total energy and γ-tocopherol in acorns samples, with high coefficients of correlation (1-VR) and low standard error of prediction (SEP) (1-VR=0.81, SEP=2.62; 1-VR=0.92, SEP=0.54; 1-VR=0.86, SEP=0.47; 1-VR=0.84, SEP=0.2; 1-VR=0.88, SEP=5.4, respectively) and crude protein, NDF, α-tocopherol and linolenic acid content in grass samples (1-VR=0.9, SEP=1.99; 1-VR=0.87, SEP=4.13; 1-VR=0.76, SEP=10.9; 1-VR=0.82, SEP=0.6, respectively). Therefore, these prediction models could be used to determinate the nutritional composition of Montanera natural resources

Comparison of the Condition Factor of Five Fish Species of the Araguaia River Basin, Central Brazil

This study aims to assess the condition factor (K) of five fish species (Serrasalmus rhombeus, Psectrogaster amazonica, Loricaria cataphracta, Panaque nigrolineatus and Squaliforma emarginata). Samplings were conducted during the low-water period of 2007 and 2008 using gillnets and minnow traps. All equipments were placed along a stretch of 1000 m at 5 pm and retrieved at 7 am. Collected fish were taxonomically identified, weighed (g) and measured (standard length; mm). The fish fitness was assessed by the condition factor (K=W/L³) and compared among groups of tributaries by a Kruskal-Wallis test. From the five species considered, two (S. emarginata and P. amazonica) displayed significant differences of the condition factor among the groups of tributaries. The highest values of K correspond to fish located in the headwaters, while lowest values are observed in tributaries located in the floodplain.Este estudo objetiva avaliar o fator de condição (K) de cinco espécies de peixes (Serrasalmus rhombeus, Psectrogaster amazonica, Loricaria cataphracta, Panaque nigrolineatus e Squaliforma emarginata). As coletas foram realizadas utilizando-se quatro jogos de redes de malhar e cinco armadilhas, os quais foram colocados ao longo de um trecho de 1000 m das 17:00 às 7:00. Os peixes coletados foram identificados taxonomicamente, pesados (g) e medidos (comprimento standard; mm). A condição física dos peixes foi calculada pelo fator de condição (K=W/L³) e comparada por grupo de cursos de água utilizando um teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Das cinco espécies consideradas S. emarginata e P. amazonica mostraram diferenças na condição física por grupo de cursos de água. Os maiores valores de K de ambas as espécies correspondem aos espécimes localizados em cursos de água de cabeceira, enquanto que baixos valores são encontrados em peixes dos cursos de água na planície

Non-communicating hydrocephalus from pork tapeworm obstructing the foramina of Monro and its endoscopic management; a case report from Europe

Introduction: Taenia solium is the main causative agent of neurocysticercosis. The tapeworm can manifest inside the ventricles, usually in the form of intracranial hypertension. We present a case of hydrocephalus as a result of a neurocysticercosis lesion obstructing both foramina of Monro. Research question: A comprehensive review of the management is provided, as well as video footage (an invaluable resource to compare, critique and learn with other institutions). Material and methods: A 23-year-old female from Honduras presented with a 7-day complaint of headache. On exam, she was hyperreflexic, but otherwise normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a non-specific lesion at the level of the foramina of Monro, with associated hydrocephalus. Additional testing was normal. Results: The patient underwent an endoscopic ventriculoscopy with partial excision of the lesion and subsequent implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. On postoperative MRI, hydrocephalus resolved and pathological analysis identified the parasite as Taenia solium. Albendazole was administered for 14 days. Discussion and conclusion: Neurocysticercosis should be considered in patients presenting with hydrocephalus, especially those from endemic areas. The long-term prognosis of ventricular neurocysticercosis might be favourable, provided that adequate care is given timely. Endoscopic surgery seems to be effective for the removal of parasitic lesions. However, studies comparing open versus endoscopic surgery are lacking. The majority of cases in the literature correspond to America and Asia. This case shows that neurocysticercosis is also present in Europe, and that a high index of suspicion is necessar

Caracterización de efluentes cloacales tratados y estudio de su potencial uso como agua de riego

El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los efluentes cloacales de un club de campo de la ciudad de Salta tratados mediante un sistema aeróbico convencional, determinando la calidad física, química y biológica de los mismos y evaluando su adecuación a las normas vigentes para su potencial reuso en riego mediante alternativas de post- tratamiento. Los efluentes tratados actualmente son clorados y vertidos a un cuerpo de agua. Los parámetros físicos y químicos se mantienen dentro de las normas vigentes en Salta. Los Coliformes Fecales a la salida del sistema aeróbico oscilaron entre 2,1x104 y 9,3x107 CF/100mL, superándose los valores máximos permitidos por las normas. Se encontró que dicho sistema es eficiente en remoción de materia orgánica y que la alternativa más económica y ambientalmente sustentable para reducir los gérmenes patógenos hasta condiciones de reuso son las lagunas de maduración, por no tener gastos operativos ni generar compuestos tóxicos residuales.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Caracterización de efluentes cloacales tratados y estudio de su potencial uso como agua de riego

El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los efluentes cloacales de un club de campo de la ciudad de Salta tratados mediante un sistema aeróbico convencional, determinando la calidad física, química y biológica de los mismos y evaluando su adecuación a las normas vigentes para su potencial reuso en riego mediante alternativas de post- tratamiento. Los efluentes tratados actualmente son clorados y vertidos a un cuerpo de agua. Los parámetros físicos y químicos se mantienen dentro de las normas vigentes en Salta. Los Coliformes Fecales a la salida del sistema aeróbico oscilaron entre 2,1x104 y 9,3x107 CF/100mL, superándose los valores máximos permitidos por las normas. Se encontró que dicho sistema es eficiente en remoción de materia orgánica y que la alternativa más económica y ambientalmente sustentable para reducir los gérmenes patógenos hasta condiciones de reuso son las lagunas de maduración, por no tener gastos operativos ni generar compuestos tóxicos residuales.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Respuesta agronómica de diferentes cultivares tintos de vid en zona templada

Se presenta la respuesta varietal de 6 cultivares tintos de vid, con riego deficitario controlado, en zona cálida: Barbera, Graciano, Mencía, Pinot noir, Petit verdot y Tempranillo. Teniendo en cuenta que en zona cálida hay que escoger cultivares de ciclo largo, recolección tardía, capaces de madurar manteniendo alta la acidez real y total, se concluye que los más idóneos para su cultivo en zona cálida son Barbera, por su alta acidez y Petit verdot y Graciano por su larga maduración y acidez equilibrada. Tempranillo, si bien en este trabajo presenta una respuesta adecuada, para equivalente maduración sacarimétrica a las anteriores posee menor acidez e IPT. Mencía madura mejor en situaciones frescas que en zona cálid

Seguimiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales con un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización

Se estudia el comportamiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales, de escala piloto, compuesto por un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización (tratamiento terciario) durante aproximadamente 800 días de operación. Se determinó la remoción de materia orgánica en el sistema y se compara con resultados previos obtenidos con el sistema compuesto por dos reactores UASB – lagunas. La remoción de materia orgánica media en el Reactor UASB fue de aproximadamente 72%, con una concentración de salida promedio de 100,6 mg/L mientras que la remoción total en el Sistema Combinado fue del 73% a lo largo de toda la experiencia. El sistema combinado Reactor UASB- Lagunas es una opción atractiva para el tratamiento de líquidos cloacales en regiones subtropicales.The behavior of an anaerobic- aerobic Combined System for sewage treatment, pilot plant size, was studied for an operating period of nearly 800 days. The system, made up by one UASB reactor and stabilization ponds in series, was compared with another system of two UASB reactors and ponds previously studied, measuring the removal of organic matter (as % of removed COD) of the whole system and its components. In the UASB Reactor the average COD removal was nearly 72% and average COD effluent concentration was 100,0 mg /L, while in the whole Combined System COD removal was 73% during all the operating period. The Combined System UASB Reactor- Stabilization Ponds constitutes an attractive option for sewage treatment in subtropical regions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Seguimiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales con un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización

Se estudia el comportamiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales, de escala piloto, compuesto por un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización (tratamiento terciario) durante aproximadamente 800 días de operación. Se determinó la remoción de materia orgánica en el sistema y se compara con resultados previos obtenidos con el sistema compuesto por dos reactores UASB – lagunas. La remoción de materia orgánica media en el Reactor UASB fue de aproximadamente 72%, con una concentración de salida promedio de 100,6 mg/L mientras que la remoción total en el Sistema Combinado fue del 73% a lo largo de toda la experiencia. El sistema combinado Reactor UASB- Lagunas es una opción atractiva para el tratamiento de líquidos cloacales en regiones subtropicales.The behavior of an anaerobic- aerobic Combined System for sewage treatment, pilot plant size, was studied for an operating period of nearly 800 days. The system, made up by one UASB reactor and stabilization ponds in series, was compared with another system of two UASB reactors and ponds previously studied, measuring the removal of organic matter (as % of removed COD) of the whole system and its components. In the UASB Reactor the average COD removal was nearly 72% and average COD effluent concentration was 100,0 mg /L, while in the whole Combined System COD removal was 73% during all the operating period. The Combined System UASB Reactor- Stabilization Ponds constitutes an attractive option for sewage treatment in subtropical regions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Seguimiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales con un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización

Se estudia el comportamiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales, de escala piloto, compuesto por un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización (tratamiento terciario) durante aproximadamente 800 días de operación. Se determinó la remoción de materia orgánica en el sistema y se compara con resultados previos obtenidos con el sistema compuesto por dos reactores UASB – lagunas. La remoción de materia orgánica media en el Reactor UASB fue de aproximadamente 72%, con una concentración de salida promedio de 100,6 mg/L mientras que la remoción total en el Sistema Combinado fue del 73% a lo largo de toda la experiencia. El sistema combinado Reactor UASB- Lagunas es una opción atractiva para el tratamiento de líquidos cloacales en regiones subtropicales.The behavior of an anaerobic- aerobic Combined System for sewage treatment, pilot plant size, was studied for an operating period of nearly 800 days. The system, made up by one UASB reactor and stabilization ponds in series, was compared with another system of two UASB reactors and ponds previously studied, measuring the removal of organic matter (as % of removed COD) of the whole system and its components. In the UASB Reactor the average COD removal was nearly 72% and average COD effluent concentration was 100,0 mg /L, while in the whole Combined System COD removal was 73% during all the operating period. The Combined System UASB Reactor- Stabilization Ponds constitutes an attractive option for sewage treatment in subtropical regions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

The effect of water molecules on paraquat salts: from physicochemical properties to environmental impact in the Brazilian Cerrado

Introduction: The green revolution model that is followed in the Brazilian Cerrado is dependent on mechanization, chemical fertilization for soil dressing and correction, and the use of herbicides. Paraquat is a methyl viologen herbicide marketed as bipyridylium dichloride salts and used (in low doses) to combat weeds in their post-emergence stage. It is a non-selective pesticide that causes the peroxidation of the lipids that make up the cell membrane, and when it comes into contact with foliage, it results in the death of the plant.Methods: The effect of water molecules co-crystallized in Paraquat salt structures was analyzed in anhydrous, dihydrate, and trihydrate forms to understand those physicochemical properties in its redox activity. The frontier molecular orbitals were also carried out using DFT to obtain the chemical reactivity of the bipyridylium cation. Finally, the supramolecular arrangements were evaluated to analyze the physicochemical stability and acquire insights on superoxide anions.Results and discussion: The electronic structure indicated that the BP cation presents an acidic character due to its low ELUMO value, while the salt has a more basic character due to its high EHOMO value. For this reason, the BP ion is more susceptible to reduction during the weeds’ photosynthesis process. During the process of plant photosynthesis, PQ is reduced to form a stable radical cation. In the supramolecular arrangement, the presence of water molecules increases the number of strong H-bonds, while the weak/moderate H-bonds are stabilized. PQ’s toxic effects are observed in wildlife, domesticated animals, human populations, and ecosystems. The influence of PQ on the terrestrial environment is limited because of the soil adsorption capacity associated with good agricultural practices. The current use of good agricultural practices in the Cerrado seems not to prevent the environmental impacts of herbicides like PQ because it aims for the expansion and profitability of large-scale farming based on input-intensive practices instead of sustainable agriculture processes