Description and Executability of a Novel Pre-tied Mini Ligature (Miniloop) in Laparocopic Ovariectomy in Cats

Background: Ovariectomy(OVE) and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) are the most performed surgical procedures in Veterinary Medicine. In videosurgery, both in stray animals at sterilization campaigns and in the increasing demand of tutors to perform the technique. Laparoscopy results in reduced tissue damage, due to minimal organ manipulation and surgical access hemostasis can be performed by several methods, such as electro-coagulation, clips, and intra and extracorporeal ligatures. A pre-tied ligature system, or endoloop, is a haemostatic technique comprised of a slipknot and knot pusher, which is inserted into the abdominal cavity through one of the laparoscopic ports. The aim of this study was to describe a novel OVE technique in cats, in which haemostasis was performed using miniloop, aimed at reducing the number of ports needed for knot tying.Material, Methods & Results: Ten healthy not spayed female cats, aged 6 months to 5 years, were selected for this study. They were submitted to an OVE using miniloop as haemostasis method. Access to the peritoneal cavity was through two 5 mm ports on the midline of the ventral abdomen, 5 cm apart, with one immediately caudal to the umbilical scar and the other in between the last pair of teats. The first trocar was inserted at the caudal incision using the Hasson technique and a 5 mm zero-degree optics attached to a camera was introduced through it. The placement of the second access port was video assisted. For ovary exposure, the patients were positioned in lateral recumbency on the contralateral side to the ovary being removed. The miniloop was composed of a 2 mm diameter minitrocar, a 1.8 mm knot pusher, and a pre-tied slipknot. It was introduced percutaneously at the lateral abdominal wall. It was inserted attached to a pre-tied loop ligature. A Babcock forceps was used to guide the slipknot until it enveloped the ovarian vessels and the proximal part of the uterine horn. Subsequently, the knot was tightened with the aid of the knot pusher. A second miniligature was applied. The forceps was removed and a Metzenbaum scissors inserted to cut between the ligatures, releasing the ovary with the nylon ligature but keeping the PDS knot. It was performed at both ovary. Mean (±SD) surgical time was 44.8 min (± 13.4) and varied significantly (P = 0.0006) between animals, with the shortest time being 29 min and the longest 66 min. Positioning of the patients in lateral decubitus allowed for good ovarian exposure, without the need for excessive manipulation of the intestinal loops or other abdominal organs. Rupture of the suture thread was the only trans-operative complication observed and occurred in two animals. A second ligature (miniloop) was needed to ensure haemostasis. One cat showed eventration at the site of the caudal port on the second day post-operative.Discussion: The mean surgical time in the present study was lower than reported by some authors, but longer than anothers. Furthermore, the surgical time from this study is similar to that of other studies in cats in which haemostasis of the OAVC was achieved using bipolar electrocoagulation. Surgical team expertise is of outmost importance in minimizing complications and overcoming problems during videosurgical procedures in order to reduce surgical time, such as gas leakage, extensive incision, and difficulty in manipulating surgical instruments

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

O CUIDADO EM SAÚDE E A EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA REFERENCIADOS NA EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR: UMA HISTÓRIA DE CONVIVÊNCIA COM A REALIDADE DO CAMPO

Este relato de experiência conta a história de um projeto de extensão que envolveu o encontro entre profissionais da saúde em formação (residentes em saúde) e famílias camponesas de um assentamento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, no município de Moreno/PE, de julho de 2012 a agosto de 2013. Através dessa vivência, referenciada na Educação Popular, foi possível experienciarmos a construção coletiva de outras perspectivas do cuidado, da educação e da formação em saúde, possibilitando o intercâmbio de saberes com a população do campo e os movimentos sociais, fortalecendo a autonomia, a participação social e o cuidado em saúde com base nos conhecimentos populares.

EVALUATION OF THE TESTICULAR STROMA ECHOGENICITY IN PREPUBERTAL RAM (Avaliação da ecogenicidade do estroma testicular em carneiros pré-púberes)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to establish a standard ultrasound echogenicity of the testicular stroma in prepubertal sheep correlating with testicular biometry. Eight Santa Ines rams aging 6 months were evaluated. It was used an Aquila Vet ultrasound with 6 MHz linear transducer using acoustic gel on the previously shaved scrotal region. Sagittal, frontal and transverse images of right and left testicles were recorded to evaluate the image echogenicity (gray scale) on selected predetermined areas of the testicular stroma. The biometric evaluations were performed according to to the standard method. The testicular stroma was homogeneous, with echogenicity 53.95 ± 6.5%, 55.70 ± 6.4% and 55.68 ± 6.4% for the right, left and the testis mean, respectively. There was also a high correlation between echogenicity and scrotal circumference (P = 0.0027, r= 0.80, r 2 = 0.75). The study showed a contribution to andrological findings, showing accurately and practical the echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma of prepubertal ram, optimizing the early breeding evaluation. KEYWORDS: SHEEP, ANDROLOGY, TESTICULAR PARENCHYMA, ULTRASOUND. RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer um padrão ultrassonográfico da ecogenicidade do estroma testicular em ovinos pré-púberes correlacionando com a biometria testicular. Foram avaliados 8 carneiros de 6 meses de idade e raça Santa Inês. Foi utilizado um aparelho Áquila Vet, ligado ao transdutor linear 6 MHz, utilizando gel acústico sobre a bolsa testicular previamente tricotomizada nas regiões de aferição. Foram feitas imagens em planos sagitais, transversais e frontais nos testículos direito e esquerdo. Com a função de aferição de ecogenicidade da imagem (escala de cinza), no próprio aparelho foram selecionadas áreas predeterminadas do estroma testicular. As avaliações biométricas foram realizadas de acordo com o método padrão. O estroma testicular apresentou-se, de uma forma geral, homogêneo, com ecogenicidade 53,95±6,5%, 55,70±6,4% e 55,68± 6,4% para o testículo direito, esquerdo e a média dos testículos, respectivamente. Também se verificou uma correlação entre a ecogenicidade e a circunferência escrotal (P= 0,0027, r= 0,80, r 2 = 0,75)

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ