Os Princípios Orientadores do Método de Singapura e a Aprendizagem da Matemática no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Neste artigo, analisamos o potencial científico-pedagógico evidenciado por um conjunto de experiências de aprendizagem desenvolvidas no decorrer de um Estágio Pedagógico no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da Universidade dos Açores. As experiências de aprendizagem dinamizadas demonstram o elevado potencial da abordagem concreto-pictórico-abstrato no ensino da Matemática, em articulação com as demais teorias edificadoras do currículo de Singapura, com destaque para o papel central que deve ser atribuído à Resolução de Problemas. Esta abordagem revelou-se motivadora para as crianças, favorecendo o estabelecimento de conexões e a mobilização de conhecimentos, condições fundamentais à compreensão relacional de conceitos, procedimentos e processos matemáticos, ao desenvolvimento de atitudes positivas face à Matemática e ao investimento na metacognição ao incutir nos alunos o hábito de pensarem sobre aquilo que aprenderam e, de uma maneira geral, sobre os seus próprios processos de pensamento.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Experiências na construção e gestão de materiais pedagógicos inspirados no Método de Singapura na Educação Pré-Escolar e no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

A adequada utilização de recursos didáticos ou materiais pedagógicos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem tem associado um vasto conjunto de vantagens fundamentais para a formação integral das crianças/alunos, contribuindo para a qualidade educativa. Os pressupostos científico-pedagógicos subjacentes ao modelo curricular do ensino da Matemática em Singapura, que serviu de inspiração ao trabalho apresentado neste artigo, evidenciam a importância de, desde os primeiros anos, o ensino da matemática requerer grande intencionalidade, contextualização e integração de práticas. Neste cenário, impõem-se a necessidade de haver um extremo cuidado científico e didático na elaboração e implementação de quaisquer materiais pedagógicos que se pretendam adequados. Neste artigo, apresentamos e analisamos o potencial científico-pedagógico evidenciado por um conjunto de materiais que estruturaram experiências de aprendizagem desenvolvidas no decorrer de Estágios Pedagógicos no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da Universidade dos Açores. Assim, a partir da abordagem aos pressupostos científico-pedagógicos enunciados em literatura da especialidade e com base na nossa experiência, refletimos sobre boas práticas nos processos de conceção e gestão de materiais didáticos visando, intencionalmente, a promoção de aprendizagens integradas e significativas no ensino da Matemática nos primeiros anos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Occupational safety & ergonomics training of future industrial engineers: a project-based learning approach

As industries push for continuous technological innovation, the need to balance work demands and human capabilities and to ensure the workers' safety is now more pressing than ever. Therefore, the training of future industrial engineers must promote the development of different skills, including in the Occupational Safety & Ergonomics (OS&E) domain. Based on this assumption, Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is an active learning methodology where students develop projects in teams as a means of building effective professional skills and knowledge. The current study aims at evaluating the impact of PjBL in effective learning on OS&E, based on the participants' perceptions. PjBL has been applied in the 7th semester of the Integrated MSc in Industrial Engineering and Management at a Portuguese University. In the last years, different companies in the northern region of Portugal have participated in this PjBL, welcoming the students to develop the projects. The current study included a documental analysis that was also developed, considering the final technical reports developed by the students during a scholar semester. In addition, a questionnaire for data collection was developed and applied to the participants. The sample (n=64) included university students who participated in the referred PjBL, their teachers, and the supervisors of the companies where the Project was developed. Globally, the participants' perceptions reveal that the PjBL participants attribute a positive evaluation to this learning methodology, concerning the development of technical (on OS&E) and transversal skills.FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(UIDB/00319/2020

A Systematic Review and Meta analysis on the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Interventions to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production

Abstract publicado em: Eur J Public Health. 2023 Oct; 33(Suppl 2): ckad160.082. Epub 2023 Oct 24. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.082In animal production, the rational use of antimicrobials has been promoted to decrease antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to reduce/adequate antimicrobial use and decrease AMR.N/

Innovations in sustainable agriculture: case study of Lis Valley irrigation district, Portugal

The innovation of agricultural systems management is a determinant factor that guarantees adaptation to a new paradigm of global economy, environmental protection, and social requirements. The conventional concepts of innovation, applicable to new products and processes, do not consider many characteristics of the agricultural sector, such as social innovation and innovation resulting from new or renewed processes. Nevertheless, the overall impact of innovation on yields, competitiveness, and value can be hampered by the limited understanding or misinterpretation of Agriculture Innovation paradigms. For instance, the Rural Development Program (RDP) applies a restrict concept of innovation, being unable to embrace the full range of activities intended to implement new practices within the framework of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS). Stimulating innovation in agriculture demands a change in policy innovation of RDP in order to preserve natural resources and combine agricultural priorities and the rural environment with the concepts of innovation. This paper focuses on the different views of the concept of innovation within the Program of Operational Groups (OGs) of the European Innovation Partnership for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability (EIP-AGRI), analyzing the Portuguese case study of the Lis Valley Irrigation District whose main innovation objective was to achieve and implement new processes of water management aiming at the conservation of natural resources as well as sustainable social and economic agricultural development. The Portuguese experience highlights why the application of innovation in agriculture may not reach the desirable outcomesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Corporate memory in the lean context. Preventing short- and long-term information loss

A large part of the information necessary for an organization to function is stored exclusively in people's memories. This applies to two different kinds of information - short-term information related to daily operations in the shop floor as well as long-term accumulated knowledge and expertise. In the present article we propose several solutions for preventing short- and long-term information loss in an industrial setting. We analyze information loss and its consequences at an automotive component factory in the North of Portugal. For the short-term information loss, we propose lean tools such as gravity flow racks, kanban and andon screens. For long-term information loss, we propose the implementation of mentorship programs, the creation of a knowledge repository based on wiki technology and the use of explanatory labelsPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the Project Scope UID/CEC/00319/2019 (ALGORITMI Center

Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C with sustained virologic response to interferon

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The durability of the sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C after treatment and the ideal follow-up time for these patients remains undefined. The objective of the study was to evaluate the durability of the virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis C followed up for at least 12 months after SVR at HCFMRP-USP. METHODS: The study was conducted on 174 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with different antiviral regimens who had achieved SVR. Qualitative serum HCV-RNA was determined by the commercial kit (COBAS AMPLICOR HCV, v2.0). RESULTS: There was predominance of male (73%) with a mean age of 45.6 ± 10 years. Liver cirrhosis was present in 16.1% of the study subjects. Mean follow-up time after SVR was 47 months (12-156 months). Twenty-two patients received monotherapy with interferon; 94 received interferon plus ribavirin, and 58 received pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. A total of 134 patients (77.0%) received one treatment course, 29 (16.7%) received two courses, and 11 (6.3%) received three courses. The distribution of HCV genotypes was: genotype 1 (40.2%), genotype 3 (40.8%) and genotype 2 (10.3%). Genotype was undetermined in 8.7% of cases. None of the 174 patients had recurrence of HCV infection. Two cirrhotic patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with SVR there was no recurrence of HCV infection or evidence of liver disease progression in any patient followed up for a mean of 47 months after SVR, except for patients with advanced hepatic disease before treatment, who may develop HCC despite SVR. Therefore, one can assume that SVR is associated with long term good prognosis.(FAEPA) Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino Pesquisa e Assistênci

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Funding This work was supported by ERDF through the operation POCI-01−0145-ERDF-007746 funded by the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização − COMPETE2020 and by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, IP national support through CINTESIS, R&D Unit (UIDB/4255/2020), CHRC (UIDP/04923/2020 and UIDB/04923/2020) and through the project reference PTDC/BAA-AGR/7419/2020.Gut microbiota modulation might constitute a mechanism mediating the effects of beer on health. In this randomized, double-blinded, two-arm parallel trial, 22 healthy men were recruited to drink 330 mL of nonalcoholic beer (0.0% v/v) or alcoholic beer (5.2% v/v) daily during a 4-week follow-up period. Blood and faecal samples were collected before and after the intervention period. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Drinking nonalcoholic or alcoholic beer daily for 4 weeks did not increase body weight and body fat mass and did not changed significantly serum cardiometabolic biomarkers. Nonalcoholic and alcoholic beer increased gut microbiota diversity which has been associated with positive health outcomes and tended to increase faecal alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of intestinal barrier function. These results suggest the effects of beer on gut microbiota modulation are independent of alcohol and may be mediated by beer polyphenols.publishersversionpublishe

Características clínicas, demográficas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes com hepatite B em seguimento em hospital universitário no sudeste do Brasil: predominância de casos HBeAg negativos

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B is common in Brazil, although there are regional differences regarding the degree of endemicity, the most frequent forms of transmission and the presence of different evolutive stages of chronic disease. The present study aimed to determine the clinical, demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) residing in the Ribeirão Preto region, southeastern Brazil. METHODS: A total of 529 medical records of individuals with HBV monoinfection were reviewed. RESULTS: More than 60% of the subjects were males, with a mean age of 38 years-old. The HBeAg-negative serological pattern was verified in 84.4% of the patients, among whom the risk of vertical/intrafamily transmission was 43.2% (p = 0.02). The consumption of alcohol in amounts exceeding 20g a day was observed in 21.3% of the subjects and was more frequent among men (33%) (p < 0.001). Among patients with cirrhosis, 54.1% were alcohol abusers (p = 0.04), all of them males. The presence of cirrhosis was more frequent in the HBeAg-positive group (24.4%) than in the HBeAg-negative group (10.2%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High proportions of HBV-infected subjects with an HBeAg-negative pattern were observed, with a higher risk of vertical/intrafamily transmission. Alcohol abuse was associated with male subjects and with cirrhosis of the liver in this group. A tendency toward an increase in the number of HBeAg-negative cases was observed over time.INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, a hepatite B é comum. No entanto, há diferenças regionais no que diz respeito ao grau de endemicidade, as formas de transmissão mais encontradas e a presença dos diferentes estágios evolutivos da doença crônica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de conhecer características clínicas, demográficas e epidemiológicas de pacientes cronicamente infectados pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV), residentes na região de Ribeirão Preto, no sudeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada a análise retrospectiva de 529 prontuários de indivíduos com monoinfecção pelo HBV. RESULTADOS: Mais de 60% eram masculinos, a média de idade foi de 38 anos. O padrão sorológico HBeAg negativo foi encontrado em 84,4% dos pacientes, entre os quais o risco para transmissão vertical/intrafamiliar foi de 43,2% (p = 0,02). Verificou-se uso de álcool em quantidades maiores que 20g ao dia em 21,3% dos indivíduos, sendo mais frequente entre os homens (33%) (p < 0,001). Entre os pacientes com cirrose, 54,1% faziam uso abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas (p = 0,04), sendo todos estes do gênero masculino. A presença de cirrose foi maior no grupo HBeAg positivo (24,4%) que no grupo HBeAg negativo (10,2%) (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Observaram-se elevadas proporções de indivíduos com infecção pelo HBV com padrão sorológico HBeAg negativo, entre os quais houve maior risco para a transmissão vertical/intrafamiliar. O uso abusivo de álcool esteve associado a indivíduos do sexo masculino e, neste grupo, à cirrose hepática. Observou-se tendência ao aumento no número de casos HBeAg negativo ao longo do tempo.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Postmortem Analyses Unveil the Poor Efficacy of Decontamination, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Therapies in Paraquat Human Intoxications

studies resulting from human PQ poisonings have assessed the relationship of these therapeutic measures with PQ toxicokinetics and related histopathological lesions, these being the aims of the present study.For that purpose, during 2008, we collected human fluids and tissues from five forensic autopsies following fatal PQ poisonings. PQ levels were measured by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Structural inflammatory lesions were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. The samples of cardiac blood, urine, gastric and duodenal wall, liver, lung, kidney, heart and diaphragm, showed quantifiable levels of PQ even at 6 days post-intoxication. Structural analysis showed diffused necrotic areas, intense macrophage activation and leukocyte infiltration in all analyzed tissues. By immunohistochemistry it was possible to observe a strong nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and excessive collagen deposition.Considering the observed PQ levels in all analyzed tissues and the expressive inflammatory reaction that ultimately leads to fibrosis, we conclude that the therapeutic protocol usually performed needs to be reviewed, in order to increase the efficacy of PQ elimination from the body as well as to diminish the inflammatory process