Estudo experimental de escoamentos em regime uniforme e não uniforme em canais de secção composta

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia CivilApesar de os escoamentos dos rios se realizarem usualmente no leito principal, em situações de cheia a capacidade de vazão deste é excedida e o escoamento faz-se também nos campos adjacentes, denominados por leitos de cheia, obtendo uma configuração de secção composta. Como na zona do leito principal a profundidade é maior do que a do leito de cheia, existe uma diferença de velocidades entre eles que dá origem a interacções e a transferências de massa e de quantidade de movimento. Nestas condições as características do escoamento não se encontram bem definidas devido ao grande número de variáveis. Esta dissertação pretende, através de caracterização experimental, estudar os mecanismos envolvidos no escoamento neste tipo de canais bem como na interacção entre o leito principal e o leito de cheias. A componente experimental incluiu a recolha e tratamento de dados relativos à estrutura turbulenta do escoamento e suas alterações para as situações de regime uniforme e várias destabilizações em regime não uniforme. Verificou-se que as condições de regime não uniforme podem afectar a camada de mistura que se desenvolve na interface entre o leito principal e cada leito de cheia. Esses efeitos podem ser observados nas tensões turbulentas e na tensão aparente, e devem-se à transferência de massa entre os leitos e a alteração do gradiente lateral da velocidade longitudinal

Injury risks for fitness instructors: a review of key factors

The labour risks control is an occupational health concern. Fitness participants have been increasing in the last years (Lindwall, 2004). Clients’ demand and the increase in classes number take the fitness instructors (FI) to a higher injuries exposure due to high workload. It is possible to observe several variations in aerobic dance, cycling, pilates, strength training, flexibility and balance. The main differences are in the cardiovascular intensities and the low to high impact dance (Van Mechelen, Hlobil & Kemper, 1992). The FI are exposed to high volumes of classes and injuries risks due to the high number of students and classes (Couto et al., 2016). As far as our understanding goes, FI are 50% more prone to injuries incidence in comparison to students. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess by a bibliographic research the health and injuries risk in FI. This is a bibliographic review made in PUBMED, Google Scholar, SCIELO and Web of Science. The used keywords were “fitness instructors injuries”, “fitness professor’s injuries”, and “fitness instructor’s risks”. From an analysis of 23 papers, ten were chosen considering title and abstract. After a full integral analysis, only five papers were selected for revision. The others did not aimed to analyse the injuries and the health risks for FI. The selected papers approached the injuries and health risk factors for FI. There is a positive and significant correlation between the formation levels and injuries incidence prevention in FI and students (Malek, Nalbone, Berger & Coburn, 2002). FI with higher classification prevent higher frequency of injuries events. The injuries prevalence was superior in FI than in students (72.4 – 75.9% and 22.8 – 43.3% respectively) (Mutoh, Sawai, Takanashi & Skurko, 1998; Francis, Francis & Welshons-Smith, 1985). The injuries were general inflammations, muscle strains or sprains and stress fractures by overuse (Rothenberger, Chang & Cable, 1988). The FI are more exposed to injuries than students are (0.17 injuries/100h vs 0.15/100h of practice, respectively) and about 77% of the injuries were in the lower limbs (Garrick, Gillien & Whiteside, 1986). There is a lack of research in FI injuries risk of factors. However, FI seem to have a higher exposure to injuries in comparison to students. The high workload seem to be determinant to the incidence of overuse injuries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The use of pesticides: an analysis in accordance with Brazilian environmental legislation

[Resumo] O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi analisar a problemática ambiental no que tange aos aspectos do uso de agrotóxico, com o enfoque relacionado às normas de proteção ambientais brasileiras; questão esta realizada no Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro/MG/Brasil. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados basearam-se na consulta à legislação atual, bem como na análise de material bibliográfico, documental e pequena pesquisa de campo. Os resultados da investigação apontaram que a legislação brasileira é bastante ampla e é destacada como uma das mais completas no âmbito mundial. Foram estabelecidas diversas classificações, para que de forma didática e simplificada, orientassem os produtores quanto aos perigos que os produtos poderiam causar tanto à saúde de quem o manuseia, quanto ao meio ambiente. A preocupação do legislador é tamanha, que foi deixado gravado em seu texto regras para sua utilização, comercialização, armazenamento e devolução de embalagens. Aponta-se ainda, a falta de instrução e educação ambiental, atreladas, muitas vezes, ao descaso por parte dos consumidores deste tipo de produto, que dificulta o cumprimento da norma. Desse modo, como considerações finais, observou-se a carência de serviços especializados, centros de coleta e procedimento de agendamento para entrega de embalagens, fatos esses que são usados como álibi para o não cumprimento da legislação vigente

In Silico Approach For Characterization And Comparison Of Repeats In The Genomes Of Oil And Date Palms

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements present in almost all eukaryotic genomes. Due to their typical patterns of repetition, discovery, and characterization, they demand analysis by various bioinformatics software. Probably, as a result of the need for a complex analysis, many genomes publicly available do not have these elements annotated yet. In this study, a de novo and homology-based identification of TEs and microsatellites was performed using genomic data from 3 palm species: Elaeis oleifera (American oil palm, v.1, Embrapa, unpublished; v.8, Malaysian Palm Oil Board [MPOB], public), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm, v. 5, MPOB, public), and Phoenix dactylifera (date palm). The estimated total coverage of TEs was 50.96% (523 572 kb) and 42.31% (593 463 kb), 39.41% (605 015 kb), and 33.67% (187 361 kb), respectively. A total of 155 726 microsatellite loci were identified in the genomes of oil and date palms. This is the first detailed description of repeats in the genomes of oil and date palms. A relatively high diversity and abundance of TEs were found in the genomes, opening a range of further opportunities for applied research in these genera. The development of molecular markers (mainly simple sequence repeat), which may be immediately applied in breeding programs of those species to support the selection of superior genotypes and to enhance knowledge of the genetic structure of the breeding and natural populations, is the most notable opportunity.11JAFF by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)Foundation within the Ministry of Education in Brazil via the Graduate Program in Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Using gamification in teaching physical education: A survey review

Nowadays, the determining role that Physical Education (PE) assumes for cognitive, psychomotor and affective development is widely accepted. Even so, several investigations continue to report the difficulty in motivating children to be involved and participate in PE classes through traditional teaching methods. Thus, to combat this scourge, gamification has been suggested as a useful tool to increase students' motivation to practice PE. Based on these considerations, the main objective of this survey review was to critically analyze the potential impact of using gamification in PE classes. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses literature search extension (PRISMA-S) guidelines were advised for this survey review. After searching procedures, 68 articles remained for analysis. Traditional teaching models can be applied by using the direct instruction model, and teaching dominated approaches. By contrast, nowadays physical education and sports education have been based on game-based models. From this, gamification strategies seem to be valid and efficient as a contribute to the previous ones, applying game elements, mechanics, and principles to non-game contexts to enhance engagement and intrinsic motivation. Thus, gamification models extend to as fundamental element the theory of self-determination expressed by theory of gamified learning, dynamical model for gamification of learning, goal-access-feedback-challenge-collaboration, gamification, and virtual gamification. This investigation allows us to conclude that the inclusion of gamification in PE classes seems to translate into an increase in motivation in children and youth. For this reason the introduction of technology in classes seems to be a key factor to increase sports participation, regular physical activity and improve motor learning and control.Funding This project was supported by the National Funds through the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project UIDB04045/2020)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tactical Knowledge by Decision Making and Motor Efficiency of Young Football Players in Different Playing Positions during a Three-a-Side Small-Sided Game

The aim of this study was to compare the tactical knowledge of young football players in different playing positions during a three-a-side small-sided game (SSG). Observational data was collected from 71 players (M = 12.16; SD = 1.55 years): 11 goalkeepers, 22 defenders, 15 midfielders, and 23 forwards. In total, 4 min of three-a-side SSGs (GR + 3 vs. 3 + GR) were recorded to assess tactical performance using a digital camera (GoPro Hero 6® version 02.01). The SSGs were performed on a field with a constant area (36 × 27 m). Video analyses were performed using LongoMatch® version 1.5.9 to record football performance; we then assessed tactical performance by using the Football Tactical Assessment System (Fut-Sat). This instrument evaluates the average of well-defined action indexes for each game in decision making principle and motor skills, specifically: (i) Decision Making Index (DMI); (ii) Motor Effectiveness Index (MEI); (iii) Effectiveness Index (I). The indexes were calculated by the ratio between the correct actions and the total. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate differences between playing positions. The results showed that tactical performance by principles seems to be significantly different according to playing position. Differences were found between defenders and forwards (H = −11.92; p = 0.03) and defenders and midfielders (H = −16.13; p = 0.01) in contention principle. In conclusion, tactical knowledge of training based on the principles of the game can help coaches and players better understand and predict each player’s actions during the game.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The relationship between internal and external loads as a tool to monitor physical fitness status of team sport athletes: a systematic review

The efficiency index (Effindex) combines internal and external loads, and it has been considered a promising tool to evaluate physical fitness status. However, its real applicability and limitations have not been elucidated yet. To examine and discuss the findings from studies that used Effindex as a tool for the evaluation of physical fitness status in team sports. A systematic search was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases conferred were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE and CINAHL. The articles selected were published up to March 2021. Fourteen articles were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. A wide variety of combinations of external and internal loading parameters to calculate Effindex were found. The pooled sample included 349 male participants (23 ± 3years). Fifty-nine percent of the sample were soccer players, 20% rugby players, 10% Australian football players, 7% hurling players, and 4% basketball players. Most Effindex calculations used total distance (TD) divided by heart rate derived parameters. However, recent studies have suggested the use of accelerations as the external load parameter. Effindex is a simple and powerful tool for the evaluation of physical fitness status in team sports athletes. The disparity of external and internal loading parameters used to calculate Effindex may affect its sensitivity to detect changes in fitness status in different team sport settings. More studies with indoor team sports and female athletes are warranted

Bioconversion of agro-industrial by-products in rhamnolipids toward applications in enhanced oil recovery and bioremediation

In this work, biosurfactant production by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was optimized using low-cost substrates. The highest biosurfactant production (3.2 g/l) was obtained using a culture medium containing corn step liquor (10% (v/v)) and molasses (10% (w/v)). The biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water up to 30 mN/m, and exhibited a high emulsifying activity (E24= 60%), with a critical micelle concentration as low as 50 mg/l. The biosurfactant produced in this alternative medium was characterized as a mixture of eight different rhamnolipid congeners, being the most abundant the mono-rhamnolipid Rha-C10-C10. However, using LB medium, nine different rhamnolipid congeners were identified, being the most abundant the di-rhamnolipid Rha-Rha-C10-C10. The rhamnolipid mixture produced in the alternative medium exhibited a better performance in removing oil from contaminated sand when compared with two chemical surfactants, suggesting its potential use as an alternative to traditional chemical surfactants in enhanced oil recovery or bioremediation.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013, NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028, NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, QOPNA research unit (project PEst-C/QUI/UI0062/2013; FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER037296) and the Portuguese National Mass Spectrometry Network, RNEM (REDE/1504/REM/2005) funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal), and from AdI (Agencia de Inovacao, S.A.), through the project BIOCLEAN - "Development of biosurfactant- based products for surfaces cleaning and disinfection in the food industry'' (QREN Ref. 30215). Eliana Alves is also grateful to FCT for her post-doctoral grant (BPD/UI51/5441/2014) supported by the project REDE/1504/REM/2005

ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DA PLANTAÇÃO DE OLEAGINOSAS PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL

Nos últimos anos a agricultura familiar passou a usufruir de maior atenção e destaque por parte dos programas governamentais, mormente pelo Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf), e mais atualmente pelo Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel (PNPB). Contudo os gargalos relativos à infra-estrutura logística e os demais custos relativos à cadeia de biodiesel podem tornar vantajoso economicamente para as indústrias produzir seus próprios insumos, ou mesmo os adquirirem dos grandes produtores rurais. Tendo em vista essa possibilidade foi utilizado o ferramental da Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), como forma de verificar como as variáveis rendimento médio de óleo vegetal advindo da agricultura familiar (insumos), produção efetiva de biodiesel, e malha rodoviária total (estrutura logística) se relacionaram durante o ano de 2005. Usando as técnicas de análise espacial bivariada, os resultados revelam que todas as interações espaciais globais são positivas e significativas, mas existem diferenças quando se investiga padrões locais por meio da emergência de agrupamentos espaciais. -------------------------Over last years the familiar agriculture has received more attention by public policies, as in the National Program of Strenghtening of familiar agriculture and in the National Program of production and use of biodiesel. However the obstacles referring to logistics and the other costs related to biodiesel system may get advantageous in economic terms for industries to produce their own inputs or even to buy from big rural farmers. Having this in mind, the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) is adopted by verifying as the variables such as average receipt, biodiesel output and transport network relate each other during the year 2005. Using the bivariate spatial analysis techniques, the findings reveal all global spatial interactions are positive and significant, but there are differences when investigating local patterns by means of emerging of spatial clusters.Agricultura Familiar, Biodiesel e Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais, familiar agriculture, biodiesel and exploratory spatial data analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy,

Análise Espacial da Produtividade de Óleo Vegetal para Produção de Biodiesel na Zona da Mata Mineira

Since the late 1990’s vegetable oils have been conquering an increasing importance in the world.In virtue of reducing the CO2 emissions and promoting regional development, the biodieselemerges as a viable alternative. Hence this articleappraises the productivity of vegetable oil forthe production of biodiesel in the Zona da Mata Mineira over the period 2005/2006, using theexploratory spatial data analysis. In order to measure the productive potential of vegetable oil atthe regional level, one calculates the content of oil for each vegetable and these contents aresummed up to obtain the total of vegetable oil. Clusters were identified for the production ofvegetables both the high efficiency and low efficiency. The finding reveal the possibility ofgenerating jobs in most regions within Zona da MataMineira. Hence one observes the plantation ofvegetables for the production of biodiesel is highly viable in the Zona da Mata Mineir