Violencia política y conflictos sociales en América Latina

Parte I. Violencia, derechos humanos y criminalidad ; Conflictos y violencias en Colombia -- Derechos humanos y seguridad democrática en Colombia : ¿un equilibrio posible? -- Conflictividad, violencia y control social : saberes latinoamericanos contemporáneos -- Pensar la justicia de adolescentes desde el campo jurídico -- Parte II. Conflictos armados, étnicos, territoriales y por los recursos naturales -- El conflicto Mapuche y el estado de Chile : una reflexión sobre la violencia y la imagen de Chile en el bicentenario -- Entre la violencia política y social una revisión a la inmigración africana subsahariana occidental en Buenos Aires (1990-2010) -- Producción de nuevas espacialidades y cambios de autoridad. Interacción, globalización-conflicto armado-grupos étnicos -- Los recursos mineros y la protesta ciudadana en la Argentina de la última década -- Performance do crime : Componentes dramáticos e teatrais dos grandes roubos no Brasil.Editorial Universidad del Nort

Personality Traits of an Entrepreneur, Determinants of Successful Microenterprise in Ireland

Why do certain individuals become entrepreneur and are successful, whereas others do not? The researchers in the entrepreneurship field attempt to answer that question by studying the personality traits of entrepreneurs for decades. Many confirm that the personality traits have a positive correlation with entrepreneurial intention and performance. Various studies suggest that the main entrepreneurial characteristics are risk attitudes, need for achievement, internal locus of control, innovativeness, and self-efficacy. However, debate exist if the personality traits are born or inherited and if the entrepreneurs’ actions are influenced by factors such as family, culture, education and market conditions. Although these aspects will be reviewed the focus of this study is on entrepreneurs’ personality traits only. Consequently, the aim of this study is to identify which of the personality traits, and whether there are traits, that are associated with operating successful microenterprise, from a perspective of an owner-manager of an established business in Ireland. The findings of this research revealed that the participants perceive themselves as individuals who possess indirectly four out of five most cited traits in the literature, which are need for achievement, locus of control, innovativeness and self-efficacy. In addition, they mentioned ability to relate to others, being organized and perform a quality work as the most important characteristics of a successful business owner. Also, other factors of environment influenced the participants’ decision to become an entrepreneur and Ireland was perceived as an attractive country to set up a business. Still, most of the participants do not perceive themselves as a successful entrepreneur. In summary, the inconclusiveness of this study generate more questions than it provide answers, coupled with this study limitations it is suggested that additional and more extensive research is desired

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality